IMAGE  EVALUATION 
TEST  TARGET  (MT-3) 


1.0 


I.I 


12.0 


1.8 


1-25      1.4 

1.6 

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► 

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% 


VI 


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Sciences 
Corporation 


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}3  WIST  MAIN  STREET 

WEBSTER.  NY    14580 

(7:6)  877-4S03 


CIHM/ICMH 

Microfiche 

Series. 


CIHM/ICMH 
Collection  de 
microfiches. 


Canadian  Institute  for  Historical  Microreproductions  /  Institut  Canadian  de  microreproductions  historiques 


Technical  and  Bibliographic  Notas/Notat  tachniquaa  at  bibliographiquas 


Tha  Inatituta  haa  attamptad  to  obtain  tha  boat 
original  copy  availabia  for  filming.  Faaturaa  of  this 
copy  which  may  ba  bibliographically  uniqua. 
which  may  altar  any  of  tha  imaga.  in  tha 
raproduction.  or  which  may  significantly  change 
tha  usual  mathod  of  filming,  ara  chackad  balow. 


D 


D 


D 


n 


i 


D 


D 


Coloured  covers/ 
Couverture  de  couleur 


I     I   Covers  damaged/ 


Couverture  endommag^e 


Covers  restored  and/or  laminated/ 
Couverture  restaurie  et/ou  pellicuMe 


□    Cover  title  missing/ 
Le  titre  de  couverture  menque 

I      I    Coloured  maps/ 


Cartes  g^ographiques  en  couleur 


Coloured  ink  (i.e.  other  than  blue  or  black)/ 
Encre  de  couleur  (i.e.  autre  que  bleue  ou  noire) 


I      I    Coloured  plates  and/or  illustrations/ 


Planches  et/ou  illustrations  en  couleur 

Bound  with  other  materiel/ 
ReliA  avec  d'autres  documents 

Tight  binding  may  cause  shadows  or  distortion 
along  interior  margin/ 

La  reliure  serr^e  peut  causer  de  I'ombre  ou  de  la 
distortion  le  long  de  la  marge  intirieure 

Blank  leaves  added  during  restoration  may 
appear  within  the  text.  Whenever  possible,  these 
have  been  omitted  from  filming/ 
II  se  peut  que  certaines  pages  blanches  ajoutAes 
lors  d'une  restauration  apparaissent  dans  ie  texte, 
mais,  lorsque  cela  Atait  possible,  ces  pages  n'ont 
pas  6t6  film^as. 

Additional  comments:/ 
Commentaires  supplAmentaires: 


L'institut  a  microfilm^  le  mellleur  exempleire 
qu'il  lui  B  4t*  posoible  de  se  procurer.  Les  details 
de  cet  exemplaire  qui  sont  paut-Atre  uniques  du 
point  de  vue  bibliographique,  qui  peuvent  modifier 
une  image  reproduite,  ou  qui  peuvent  exiger  una 
modificetion  dens  la  mAthoda  normala  de  filmege 
sont  indiquAs  cidessous. 


I      I   Coloured  pages/ 


D 


Pages  de  couleur 

Pages  damaged/ 
Pages  endommag^s 

Pages  restored  and/or  laminated/ 
Pages  restaurAes  et/ou  pelliculAes 

Pages  discoloured,  stained  or  foxed/ 
Pages  dicolories,  tachetAes  ou  piquAes 

Pages  detached/ 
Pages  d^tachdes 


r    I    Showthrough/ 


Transparence 


r~l    Quality  of  print  varies/ 


Quality  in(ftgale  de  I'impression 

Includes  supplementary  material/ 
Comprend  du  materiel  supplimentaire 

Only  edition  eveilabla/ 
Seule  Edition  disponible 


Pages  wholly  or  partially  obscured  by  errata 
slips,  tissues,  etc..  have  been  refilmed  to 
ensure  the  best  possible  image/ 
Les  pages  totalement  ou  partiellement 
obscurcies  par  un  feuillet  d'arrata,  une  pelure, 
etc.,  ont  M  filmies  A  nouveau  de  fa^on  A 
obtenir  la  meilleure  image  possible. 


Th 
to 


Th 
po 
of 
fill 


Or 
be 
th< 
sic 
oti 
fir 
sic 
or 


Th 
sh 
Til 
wl 

Ml 
dif 
en 
be 

rig 
re( 
mi 


This  item  is  filmed  at  the  reduction  ratio  checked  below/ 

Ce  document  est  film*  au  taux  de  reduction  indiquA  cidessous. 


10X 

14X 

18X 

22X 

26X 

30X 

J 

12X 


16X 


20X 


24X 


28X 


32X 


The  copy  filmed  here  has  been  reproduced  thanks 
to  the  generosity  of: 

MacOdrum  Library 
Carltton  Univanity 


L'exemplaire  film*  fut  reproduit  grAce  k  la 
ginirositA  de: 

MaeOdram  Library 
Carleton  Univarsity 


The  images  appearing  here  are  the  best  quality 
possible  considering  the  condition  anfi  legibility 
of  the  original  copy  and  in  keeping  with  the 
filming  contract  specifications. 


Original  copies  in  printed  paper  covers  are  filmed 
beginning  with  the  front  cover  and  ending  on 
the  last  page  with  a  printed  or  illustrated  impres- 
sion, or  the  back  cover  when  appropriate.  All 
other  original  copies  are  filmed  beginning  on  the 
first  page  with  a  printed  or  illustrated  impres- 
sion, and  ending  on  the  last  page  with  a  printed 
or  illustrated  impression. 


The  last  recorded  frame  on  each  microfiche 
shall  contain  the  symbol  — ^  (meaning  "CON- 
TINUED"), or  the  symbol  V  (meaning  "END"), 
whichever  applies. 


Les  images  suivantes  ont  6tA  reproduites  avec  le 
plus  grand  soin,  compte  tenu  de  la  condition  et 
de  la  nettetA  de  l'exemplaire  film*,  et  en 
conformity  avec  les  conditions  du  contrat  de 
filmage. 

Les  exemplaires  originaux  dont  la  couverture  en 
papier  est  imprimAe  sont  fiimis  en  commengant 
par  le  premier  plat  et  en  terminant  soit  par  la 
dernlAre  page  qui  comporte  une  empreinte 
d'impression  ou  d'illustration,  soit  par  le  second 
plat,  salon  le  cas.  Tous  les  sutres  exemplaires 
originaux  sont  filmAs  en  commen^ant  par  la 
premiere  page  qui  comporte  une  empreinte 
d'impression  ou  d'illustration  et  en  terminant  par 
la  dernlAre  page  qui  comporte  une  telle 
empreinte. 

Un  des  symboles  suivants  apparaftra  sur  la 
derniire  image  de  cheque  microfiche,  selon  le 
cas:  le  symbols  -^  signifie  "A  SUIVRE  ",  le 
symbols  ▼  signifie  "FIN  ". 


Maps,  plates,  charts,  etc.,  may  be  filmed  at 
different  reduction  ratios.  Those  too  large  to  be 
entirely  included  in  one  exposure  are  filmed 
beginning  in  the  upper  left  hand  corner,  left  to 
right  and  top  to  bottom,  as  many  frames  as 
required.  The  following  diagrams  illustrate  the 
method: 


Les  cartes,  planches,  tableaux,  etc.,  peuvent  Atre 
filmAs  A  des  taux  de  reduction  diff^rents. 
Lorsque  le  document  est  trop  grand  pour  Atre 
reproduit  en  un  seul  clichA,  il  est  filmA  A  partir 
de  I'angle  supArieur  gauche,  de  gauche  A  droite, 
et  de  haut  en  bas,  en  prenant  le  nombre 
d'images  nAcessaire.  Les  diagrammes  suivants 
illustrent  la  mAthode. 


1 

2 

3 

1 

2 

3 

4 

5 

6 

*5'  '\ 


SifAf 


»<■" 


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SMITHSONIAN    INSTHUTION, 

UXITKI)  STATKS  NATIONAL  MUSEUM. 


BULLETIN 


OK   lUK 


UNirEl)  SPATES  NATIONAL  MUSEUM. 


!^s^o.    38. 


9\ 


<'0NTI{1I!1-TI0N   TiiWAUl)  A  MOXOhUAlMl  ill' TIIK  INSKCTS  UF 

THK  l.Kl'llKilTKUurs  FAMILY  MMTniU-  (IF  TK.MJ'ER- 

ATF   Ndli'Tll   AMKiniA.-KKVISIiiN  nF   THE 

SI'FCIFS  (IF  TIIK    liFMS   ACKUTIS. 


BT 


JOHN*  n.    SMITH. 

ProJ'timor  of  Liiiomnloiiy,  liutijiia  College,  Sew  Jertey, 


^'  A  S  II I  N  ( >  TON: 
OOVEKNMKNT    PlMNTINtr    OFFICE. 

181)0. 


r 


ADVERTISEMENT. 


This  work  (Bulletin  No.  38)  ih  the  tlfty  first  of  a  series  of  pupers  in- 
teiiikMl  to  illustrate  the  collectiuiis  cf  natural  history  anil  ethnology 
belonging  to  the  United  States,  anU  eouKtituting  the  National  Museum, 
of  which  the  iSuiith.soiiJ:ui  Institution  was  placed  iu  charge  by  the  act 
of  Congress <»r  August  10,  l,S4r». 

The  publications  of  the  National  Museum  consist  of  two  series — the 
Bulletins,  of  which  this  is  No.  38,  iu  continuous  series,  and  the  Pro- 
ceedings, of  which  the  thirteenth  volume  is  now  in  press.  A  small  edi* 
tion  of  each  paper  in  the  Proceedings  is  distributed  in  pamphlet  form 
to  specialists  in  advance  of  the  publication  of  the  bound  volume. 

From  time  to  time  the  publications  of  the  Museum  which  have  been 
issued  se|)arately  are  coml>ine<l  and  reissued  as  volumes  of  the  Miscel- 
laneous Collections.  These  are  struck  olf  from  the  stereotype  plates 
from  which  the  lirst  edition  was  printed,  and  in  this  form  are  dis- 
tributed by  the  Smithsonian  Institution  to  libraries  and  scientitlc  socie- 
ties throughout  the  the  worhi.  Volume  l.'J  of  these  collections  includes 
Bulletins  1  to  10,  inclusive;  volume  10,  volumes  1  and  2  of  the  Proceed- 
ings; volume  22,  volumes  3  and  4  of  the  Proceedings;  and  volume  23, 
Bulletins  11  to  1"),  inclusive. 

Full  lists  of  the  publications  of  the  Museum  may  be  found  iu  the 
current  catalogiu>s  of  the  imblications  of  the  Smithsonian  Institution. 

Papers  intended  for  publication  in  the  Proceedings  and  Bulletins  of 

the  National  Museum  are  rcfcrreil  to  the  Committee  on  Publications, 

consisting  of  the  following  members:  T.  II.  Beau,  A.  Howard  Clark 

(editor),  Otis  T.  Mason,  John  Murdoch,  Leonhard  Stejneger,  Frederick 

W.  True,  a\ul  Lester  F.  Ward. 

S.  P.  Lanolev, 

Secretary  of  the  Smithsonian  Institution. 
Washinoton,  June  1, 1800. 


CONTRIBUTION  TOWARD  A  MONOGRAPH 


OF  THB 


INSECTS  OF  THE  LEPIDIIPTERIII'S  fwm  NOCTUIDi 


or 


TEMPERATE  NORTH  AMERICA. 


REVISKiv   OF   THK    spixjEs    op 


Tin:    OEXl'S    AGROTI8. 


BY 


('! 


JOHN  B.  SMITH, 

Profe>.or  of  Entomology,  nuUjn:  rollcgc,  Xac  J,r,,y. 

WITH  FrVE  I'LATRS. 


WASHINGTON; 

GOVERNMENT  PRINTING  OPPICB. 
1890. 


m 


LETTER    OF   TRANSMITTAL, 


Smithsonian  Institution, 

I'NiTED  States  National  ^IrsEUM, 
WoHhitujtoH,  March  17,  1890. 
Prof.  G.  Brown  (ioodk, 

AHttixtant  JSecntarif  Siniflittoniiit  InittHiitiott, 

In  vharyv  of  Xational  MmeHm: 

Sir:  I  linvo  tlio  Iionor  to  transmit  the  accomimiiyiii^  papiT,  >vhich 
was  largely  prepared  l»y  Trofessor  Smith  wiiile  associated  with  me,  ami 
was,  ill  fact,  bogiiii  with  the  intention  of  publishing  a  conjoint  and 
complete  monograph.  My  time  liaving  l»een  too  much  o<'cnpie«l  otlier- 
wise,  the  original  plan  was  abandoned,  and  1  tinned  the  matter  all 
over  to  him  when  he  left  the  Museum  with  the  understanding  that  he 
would  finish  individually  the  synoptic  and  descriptive  parts.  The  result 
is  the  present  paper,  and  I  strongly  lecoinmeinl  that  it  be  published  as 
a  Bulletin  of  the  Museum. 
Siucerelv  yours, 

C.   V.   RlLEY, 

Curator  of  Insects, 

IV 


TABLE  OF  CONTENTS. 


Iiitrmliictory  rrnini  :n  amlilefinitioiiH 5-7 

Acknowl<Mlgiii(>nt8 7,8 

Divinioiittilcfinctl 8-11 

SynnjiHiit  of  K<'!i*'rn  niHl  KronpH 12, 13 

OtMUIHKllYNCIIAniUlTIH V\-W 

(frni)|i  rharditttii 1.1, 14 

Gnn\\t  titpida , l.l-ZS 

charucten)  nn<l  Kclioiiioof  rtivmion  l.'>-17 

R.vnc>|>8iH  of  Hiiccies 17 

(lowri|»tionn  of  H|M>cieH 17-28 

Group  erterlintiijmn !i8-;W 

t'linrartor«  aihI  HrliciiHM)f  <livi«i(iii 2H-iUJ 

HVIlOjmiH  (if  Ml»fcit'H ',\0 

tli'HcriptitiiiH  of  NporicH 30-;W 

OfUUH   ADKMMIAdltOTIS    '.tri-4'.\ 

cliarai'tors  ami  m-Iiimih'  of  «li  vision IH,  [V) 

synopsis  of  Npccii's '.VJ 

ilcHcriptioiis  of  Npccifs ;W— 13 

Ot-niis  Pi.ATAiiKoiis 43-47 

cliiiracttMs  anil  hcIkmiio  of  diviNion 43 

(tyiiop.sis  of  Hpccii-s 44 

ilcNcriptioiia  of  spt-cicH , 44—17 

Ht'mis  KiKitiMAiiiniTis 47-41* 

cliarai'torH  aixl  ncIiimiio  of  division 47 

ilcRcriptions  of  Hpecies 48,49 

Oenns  Auackotis 4i>-.'>0 

oliaracttTH  of  kciiuh 49 

ili'Bi-ri  pt  ioHH  of  Hpecies .''•O 

(•ontlH  SKMlOflKHlA !'>(!-r>3 

fliaractera  htid  8'  liciiie  of  divi^ioll f)»t 

di'scriptioim  of  Mpofii'H .'il-r>3 

(ifiins  I'ac  11  NOKIA r)3-59 

riiaraftors  and  Mrln'mo  of  division .'>3,  r>4 

HynopHi.t  of  KpccicH .^ 

di'HcriptionH  of  speeit'M .'■>,''>-,'i9 

(iiiiiis  .SKTA<iiioTis r»9, GO 

I'liaracttTSof  jjeiniM 59 

doscriptioiiH  of  fcpccies .'>9,  (>0 

(icnusAnROTis (>l-<».'> 

clinracterH  and  m'lionie  of  division 61 

Hyno]miM  of  Hpecies 6!i 

doscriptionit  of  specieo.... 63-65 

1 


094/ 


9  TABLE   UF   CONTENTW. 

T*ge. 

OvilllS  rKltllM«l.MA tiG-7-1 

clinriictcrHniiit  hynopHM  of  griiiipH GO 

Oritii|>  tuiicia C<>-71 

churactcrH  iiiii\  hcIiumiu  nf  diviNioti GO,  <)7 

oy nopsiH  of  N|ii'i-io.s 67 

de!tcrii>tioti8  of  ni>«'cir!t 68-71 

Gro'ip  inrivin 71-74 

chunii-t^Tft  aii<l  Hrlu-iiiu  of  tliviHion 71,72 

oy lioimiH  of  HpecivM 72 

dfHcriptionsof  Hpt'cien 72-74 

GentiN  NociTA 74-98 

clini'a<;trrH  anil  groiipH 74 

CSroiip  iiormaniana 74-lK) 

chtiractcrH  and  mcIumho  of  tliviHioii 74-'7 

Nyiio|>HiH  of  HpiH-ii'H 77/c8 

(loHcrijit  ioiiH  »»f  HpccicM   78-lK) 

Group  ilandeKtinn y0-l»8 

cliaractiTS  and  schcinu  of  diviHion IK),  91 

BynopHJH  of  Npi-cicH Ul,93 

di'SiTiptioMH  I  if  Hpi'cii'H 92-9H 

0''iiti8  ciu)itizA<iK<)Tis 9>*-:o;j 

cIiarac-trrH  and  mlnnie  of  divistion y"?,99 

BynopsJH  of  t*|M'cit'» ifj,  100 

dcHcriptionH  of  Hpecies 100-103 

OeniiM  HiiiZAiti((tri.s lo:{-l09 

cliaracltis  and  groups  103,104 

CSroiip  ahiioriiiia 104 

Group  iicc/irii 101-107 

charactci'H  and  m-liiMue  of  diviHi<iu 104, 105 

HynopNiH  of  Hpi'cics lO,") 

i!i'Ncriptioi)H  of  »p»-cit'8 .'. .  10r)-107 

Group  rlonnllioidis 10~-UH> 

cliaiachTH  and  Hcln-nii'  of  division 107, 108 

di;Mcriptions  of  Hpi'cius UW,  109 

GenuH  Fklti A  109-12:5 

cbaracliTd  and  groups ., 101>,  110 

Group  Huhgnthita 110-114 

diaraotiMH  and  (^rln-nie  of  division 110 

ttynopsis  ofsin'cifs Ill 

di'siTiiitifins  ofHpccifH 111-114 

Group  vnnrahilis 111-123 

eliararffrN  and  Mclii'tuo  of  divi>i()ii  11 1,  U."> 

ttyniipsi.s  of  Mpccif.t 116 

dt'HcriptionM  of  Kpfcics IKi  123 

GutitiH  PoKOHAtntoTis 12:V-131 

chnraofors  and  Hchcnie  of  division l'2,\,  124 

ByuopHiH  of  Hpecitvs 124, 125 

descriptions  of  Bpt'cios  125-131 

OuuuB  Caunkai>ks 131-204 

charnctt-rs  and  groups 131-133 

Group  wilsonii 133-135 

characters  and  silivnut  of  division 133 

deRcriptiouH  of  8p«j'*io8 133-135 


TABLE  OF  CONTENTS, 


I'age. 
t>0-74 

m 

(36-71 
GC.fiT 

67 
08-71 
71-74 
71,72 

Ti 
72-71 
74-98 

74 

74-yo 

74--7 

77.78 
78-'J0 

yo-l»8 
iHt,  in 
yi,'J2 

IW,  100 
100-103 
lo;j-109 

103. 104 
104 

lOJ-107 

104. 105 
105 

lo:,-107 

,    Ili7-I0l» 

107,  lOH 

.   10^,109 

.   109-123 

lOlt,  110 

110-114 

110 

111 

m-114 

111-123 

111,115 

lit) 

lit;  123 
12:^131 

.  12;t,  124 
.  124,125 
.  125-131 
.  131-204 
.  131-133 

133-135 
133 

133-r.K> 


I'tKO 
OeDUR  Carnkadra— Continncd. 

Qroup  quadiidfntala 136-144 

charactuiB  aii<l  hcIioiiio  of  iliviHion 135-137 

HynopNikuf  HpovU'!* 137, 138 

ileacriptiouB  of  Mpccicii   13^144 

Group  pilj/chrou*  144-1(12 

ciluracterH  and  Ncheine  of  division 144-147 

ByiiopMiit  of  specifH 147, 148 

desoriplioiia  of  Hpt'cieu 14t^l(i2 

Qroup  metBoria 1(52-178 

cliaract«ni  mid  Hchoino  of  diviHion I(i2-164 

synopsis  of  siracius l(Vt-l(/i 

descriptions  of  species  165-178 

Group  tenellata 1 78-204 

characters  and  scheme  of  division 178-161 

synopsis  of  species 181-182 

descriptions  of  species 182-204 

Species  unknown  to  mo 204-213 

Appendix.  DuMcriptions  of  now  species 215-223 

Synonymical  list  of  genera  and  species 225-228 


r 


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The  Cack-Baker  Library 
9t  Ik*  Departmtnt  of  BkitogT 


CONTRIBUTION  TOWAIIO  A  MllNOCKAIMI  OF  TIIK  INSKITS  OF  TIIK 
LEPIDOI'TKIKirs  FAMILY  NOCTIIDi:  OF  TFMPKUATK  NOUTII 
AMERICA.-KKVKSIUN  OF  THK  SI'KCIKSOF  TIIK  (iKMS  AUUOTIS. 


The  );eniis  Agrolin  iMnbr.iot>8  ninths  of  nicdium  MJ/e  ns .  riilo,  and  many 
of  tliciii  of  the  typir^il  ♦♦  0»h?t"  typt*.  The  cato  illars  of  many  of  th«! 
sitecieH  are  very  injurious  to  cultivated  plants,  and  comr  ,indt>r  the 
general  head  >f'* Cut- Worms,''  a  name  ;;iven  tlieiii  I'ro  i-  their  habit  of 
euttiug  uii,ju8t  at  the  Hurfacit  of  Jie  {ground,  the  ;<l.t(its  upon  which 
th' ''  feed.  The  gcnu8  Aijrotin,  our  Americiin  Kpecies  alone  consiilered, 
lias  but  two  uharautern  common  to  all  forms:  the  eyes  are  naked  and 
the  middle  and  posterior  tibia*  are  always  spino.se!  Ueyond  this,  and 
exclusive  of  the  family  characters,  there  i.-  the  widest  possibh)  diver- 
;;ence  in  structure.  TIih  head  may  bo  rather  small,  retracted,  buried 
in  the  vestiture,  or  it  may  be  lar;;e  and  distinct ;  the  eyes  may  be  large 
and  prominent,  or  they  may  l>e  small  and  reniform;  the  front  may  bo 
flat  or  bulging,  smooth  or  roughened,  or  with  a  tubercniate  protuber- 
ance; the  palpi  may  be  short  and  weak,  long  and  slender,  smoothly 
scaled  or  moderate,  robust,  with  heavy  vestiture,  making  the  second 
joint  appear  more  or  less  clavate.  The  tongue  is  always  at  least  mod- 
erately strong,  as  is  the  ease  usually  in  the  SoctahUv.  The  anicnniv  may 
l>e  entirely  simple  iu  both  sexes,  or  the  male  may  have  them  ciliated 
merely,  serrated  with  lateral  bristly  tufts,  or  tln^v  n«ay  be  lengthily 
pectinated.  The  thorax  may  be  depressed  ai)ove,  ilattened,  or  it  may 
be  robust,  strongly  convex ;  the  vestiture  may  be  scaly  or  hairy  or  a 
mixture  of  both  ;  it  may  bo  smooth,  tiattened,  glistening,  or  it  may  be 
rough,  divergent,  and  loose;  it  may  form  a  basal  tuft  miM-eiy,  an  ante- 
rior and  posterior  tuft,  a  simple  ridge  like,  or  divided  anterior  crest,  or 
ii  may  have  the  anterior  divided  crest  jmhI  posterior  tiiftings  as  well. 
The  abdomen  maj-  be  depressed,  tiatteneti,  truncate«l  posteriorly,  or  it 
may  be  stout,  cylindric,  conic,  with  pointed  tip.  TVe  middle  and  pos- 
terior tibia*  are  always  spiuose;  the  anterior  tibia;  may  be  entirely  un- 
armed, they  may  be  sparsely  spiuose,  heavily  spined  at  sides  and  tip, 
of  full  length,  or  shortened,  broad,  and  liat.  The  primaries  may  \vd 
long  and  narrow,  short  and  wide,  a|>ices  rounded  or  api<;es  produced. 
In  habitus  they  may  l>e  somber^  depressed,  resemlding  Xylimi,  or  they 
TMay  Lm>  bright,  lively  in  colors,  resembling  ildiuUm.    Some  are  strictly 


\*l 


6 


BULLETIN    38,    1:NITEI)   STATES   NATIONAL   MUSEUM. 


nocturnal  in  Iiabif,  hiding  iiiuU'r  bark  and  in  crevices  during'  the  day; 
utlivrs  are  larj,rely  diurnal,  tl^  ing  in  the  bright  MUUHhine,  visiting  Howers, 
and  not  ko  usually  tsiken  at  night. 

The  generic  term  Affrotis  therefore  convej's  no  distinct  impression, 
and  it  could  only  result  in  a  huge  assemblage  of  species  through  which 
no  path  was  visible  and  in  which  identiiicaMou  to  any  but  the  si>ecialist 
or  to  one  with  a  large  collection  was  all  but  impossible.  Vague  efl'orts 
have  been  made  from  time  to  time  to  divide  the  genus  and  there  exists 
an  abundance  of  generic  names  and  types,  but  the  true  characters  wi-re 
not  recognized,  species  were  erroneously  associated,  and  the  universal 
result  was  that  sooner  or  later  the  proposed  terms  went  into  the  syn- 
onymy and  but  aided  to  increase  the  already  existent  confusion.  I  have 
made  an  ellort  to  use  as  far  as  possible  existing  generic  terms  in  my 
division  of  the  genus;  but  I  have  not  had  exotic  material  sufficient  to 
give  me  an  opportunity  to  study  generic  types,  and  the  descriptions 
were  in  most  cases  useless,  since  they  «li<l  not  give  the  structural  char- 
acteristics upon  which  my  schenu;  of  (livisiou  was  based.  I  have  there- 
fore felt  free  to  propose  new  names  for  the  groups  into  which  the  spe- 
cies have  been  formed,  <piite  satisfied  to  have  the  names  relegated  into 
the  patient  synonymy  when  the  study  of  generic  types  proves  their 
identity  with  others  already  proposed. 

I  had  at  one  time  the  strong  conviction  that  genera  were  natural  as- 
semblages, capable  of  strict  limitation  and  definite  in  extent.  The  stmly 
of  very  large  material  since  that  time  has  convinced  me  that  my  first 
impression  was  erroneous,  that  genera  as  such  are  mere  artificial  divis- 
ions of  convenience,  useful  for  the  purpose  of  identification  and  for  the 
expression  of  relationship,  and  that  they  were  nsefui  for  that  purpose 
just  in  proportion  as  they  expressed  clear  and  definite  associations  of 
characters.  Atjrotis  is  vague  since  it  is  definite  on  two  points  merely. 
Carncades  is  definite,  even  though  species  are  numerous,  for  it  conveys 
the  association  of  a  large  series  of  characters  in  sKldition  to  that  dis- 
tinctive to  it.  The  limits  t<»  which  generic  divi.sion  may  be  carried  will 
depend  entirely  ui>ou  the  tact  and  individual  propensities  of  an  author 
and  in  large  part  also  upon  the  tendency  of  the  time  at  wiiich  he  is 
writing.  After  a  period  of  wild  generic  creation  there  comes  usually  a 
reaction  in  which  lumping  is  carried  to  an  extreme,  and  this  is  true  as 
to  species  as  well  as  genera. 

For  some  time  Mr.  Orote  was  the  only  systematic  worker  in  the  North 
American  Noctuid;e,  and  he  steadily  increased  the  number  of  generic 
divisions  until  he  was  in  advance  of  the  allowable  at  that  state  of  our 
knowledge.  The  reaction  was  perhaps  typ.ilied  when,  after  becoming 
thoroughly  imbued  with  the  critical  ideas  of  my  Urooklyn  entomolog- 
ical friends  and  teachers,  I  published  my  synopsis  of  noctuid  genera.  I 
there  went  too  far  in  the  opposite  extreme,  but  have  no  apology  to 
nnike  for  it.  It  acted  as  a  check  from  which  more  careful  studies  have 
allowed  a  steady,  and  I  hope  healthy  oaid  permanent  advance. 


JM. 


REVISION    OF    SPECIKS    OF    THE    GENUS    AGHOTIS. 


j;  tlieday; 
ng  tlowers, 

inpression, 
tii^li  which 
a  Hpecialist 
{jae  eflorts 
here  exists 
lU'ters  Wire 
e  universal 
to  the  syii- 
)ii.  I  have 
eriiis  in  my 
lutiicient  to 
lescriptions 
jtnral  char- 
have  there- 
ich  tiie  spe- 
egated  into 
roves  their 

natural  as- 

The  study 

lat  my  lirst 

licial  divis- 

and  for  the 

lat  purpose 

iciations  of 

II ts  merely. 

it  conveys 

to  that  dis- 

carried  will 

an  author 

iiich  he  is 

s  usually  a 

s  is  true  as 

the  North 
of  generic 
ate  of  our 
becoming 
Butomolog- 
genera.  I 
apology  to 
udics  have 
je. 


I  have  nuide  use  of  the  genital  structure  of  the  male  for  generic  di- 
vision in  oiie  case  only,  where  a  very  large  series  of  species  agree  nio.st 
remarkably  in  structure,  and  the  character  becoming  generically  val- 
uable, lost  value  in  the  recognition  of  species. 

The  study  of  the  primary  sexual  charaiiters  is  one  of  the  most  val- 
uable guides  in  the  recognition  of  species.  The  stnuitures  are  within 
my  experience  absolutely  invariable  within  specific  limits,  and  species 
otherwise  closely  allied  are  sometimes  well  separated  by  these  charac- 
ters. They  have  i)roved  invaluable  in  settling  fjuestions  of  the  identity 
of  American  and  European  forms  so  closely  allied  as  to  be  considered 
races,  and  in  several  instances  they  have  proved  the  iilentity  or  dis- 
tinctness of  species  when  superficial  characters  left  it  in  doubt.  It  has 
removed  individual  judgment  as  a  factor  in  many  cases  and  allows  a 
Hujil  iippeal  in  cases  of  difference.  There  is  no  universal  test  cliarac 
ter,  however,  and  as  with  all  others  so  sexual  characters  sometimes 
fail.  Over  one  hundred  species  referred  to  Carnemles  have  so  nearly 
the  same  form  of  structure  that  there  is  no  sullicient  variation  to  have 
specific  value  in  doubtful  cases.  In  some  other  groups,  however,  no 
two  species  are  alike,  and  the  widest  variance  within  generic  limits 
allows  definite  specific  limitation. 

The  work  on  the  Agrotcs  was  done  in  1SS4  and  I88r>.  At  that  time  I 
was  employed  by  Professor  Itiley  as  a  speiiial  agent  of  the  Division  of 
Entomology,  and  the  work  was  done  in  the  intervals  of  the  econcunic 
work  assigned  to  me.  Professor  Uiley  sent  me  as  a  basis  for  the  work 
his  entire  collection,  now  in  the  National  Museum.  My  own  collection 
was  very  fair  in  the  genus,  and  is  now  also  in  the  National  Museum. 
The  Meske  collection,  containing  many  rare  species  and  t>p<''^«  is  "ow 
also  in  the  Museum  collection.  Mr.  Tepper's  collection  contained  a 
very  great  part  of  Mr.  Morrison's  types,  and  these,  as  well  as  whatever 
<'lse  1  needed  for  study,  were  freely  placed  at  my  disposal.  This  col- 
lection is  now  in  tlie  Michigan  Agricidtuial  College.  Mr.  (Iraef's  col- 
lection contains  many  of  Mr.  Grote's  and  some  of  Mr.  Moiiison's  types, 
and  these  also  1  had  for  study.  Mr.  llulst  iis  kindly  allowed  me  the 
use  of  his  nuiterial,  also  containing  some  of  Mr.  (Irote's  tyi)es.  The 
grand  collection  oi'  Mr.  Henry  Edwards  was  loaned  me  for  study  by  its 
owner,  and  contained  many  viirieties,  typical  or  aiitheutic,  which  are 
not  or  were  not  then  elsewhere  represented.  Mr.  Neuiiioegen's  (tolU'C- 
tion  had  been  at  that  time  thoroughly  revised  by  Mr.  Grote  and  con- 
tiiined  a  very  largo  number  of  the  types  of  Mr.  (Jrote's  later  dcscrip 
tions,  and  to  this  also  I  had  free  acc^ess,  ami  Mr.  Nenmocgen  kindly 
loaned  nui  for  study  whatever  I  needed.  At  IMiiladelpliia  thy  collec- 
tion of  tl:r>  American  Entomological  Society  was  opened  to  me,  and  at 
Cambridge  the  courtesy  of  Dr.  Ilagen  eiiiibled  me  to  study  the  material 
there.  At  Salem  I  studied  the  material  in  the  Peabody  Academy  of 
Science,  containing  Dr.  Packard's  types.  At  Kittery  Point  1  sj>ent  a 
very  enjoyable  day  with  Dr.  Thaxter,  and  the  re  I  had  an  oi»[>ortunity 


P 


tiS 


8 


BULLETIN    :{8,    UNITED    STATES    NATIONAL    MUSEUM. 


oriileiitifyiug  a  uutnber  of  Kpccies,  tsoine  uf  whicii  were  lOfaiied  me  for 
furtber  study  by  Dr.  Tliaxter.  Mrs.  Ft'niaUl's  collection  at  Oroiio  was 
also  studied,  and  to  Professor  and  Mrs.  Fernuld  1  owe  thanks  for  kindly 
hospitality  as  well  as  free  opportunity  to  study  the  material  in  tlie  col- 
lection. Dr.  Lintner  also  allowed  me  to  use  some  of  bis  material  not 
otherwise  attainable.  I  bad  thus  an  oi>portunity  to  study  all  the  types 
existing  in  these  collections,  and  my  descriptions  and  studies  were 
largely  made  from  the  original  types  or  carefully  comparetl  specimens. 
Dr.  B'liley's  collection  has  some  nniijues,  and  the  doctor,  then  on  wlmt 
proved  bis  deatb-bed,  courteously  loaned  me  tbe.^e  for  study.  The 
material  then,  upon  wbicb  the  work  was  originally  based  was  not  scant, 
and  I  owe  to  Dr.  Kiley  the  opportnnity  to  visit  all  these  collections  and 
to  the  courtesy  of  the  gentlemen  named,  as  well  as  to  others  not  name<l 
but  gratefully  remembered,  the  opportunity  to  study  their  nuiterial. 
At  that  time  it  was  intended  to  publish  a  con)plete  monograph  of  the 
n(K;tuidie  by  Dr.  lliley  and  myself,  and  the  manus<ript  as  prepared  by  me 
was  sent  to  Dr.  Riley  for  con»pleti«)n  by  the  aildition  of  the  biologic 
m.iterial  and  the  addition  of  such  studies  as  had  been  made  by  him  in 
some  of  the  groups.  Circumstances  luevented  the  carrying  out  of 
the  origiiml  plans,  and  the  publication  of  a  complete  monographic  work 
was  finally  abandoned.  In  JS87  I  published  in  the  Proceedings  of  the 
U.  8.  National  Museum  descriptions  of  the  new  species  which  I  had 
found  in  my  original  work.  M«>re  recently  large  collections  made  in 
California  produced  numerous  new  species,  necessitating  re-arrange- 
luent,  and  to  some  extent  the  re-writing  of  a  great  i)ortion  of  the  man- 
uscript. Some  twenty-three  of  these  speciies  were  published  in  the 
Transactions  of  the  American  Entomological  Society  for  1890,  and 
scarcely  were  they  in  type  when  another  accninulation  of  material 
turned  up  still  further  species.  During  the  month  of  January,  181)0, 
I  arrange«l,  under  Dr.  liiley's  direction,  a  large  part  of  the  noctuid  col- 
lection of  the  National  Museum,  and  on  that  occasion  deposited  a  num- 
ber of  my  types  in  that  collection. 

The  collection  of  the  Museum  in  this  genus  now  stands  second  to  none 
in  completeness.  Jiy  far  the  greater  number  of  species  are  represented, 
many  of  them  by  very  line  series  of  bred  specimens. 

No  bibliographical  revew  of  the  genus  will  bf  here  attempted,  and 
after  this  brief  history  of  my  work  and  the  material  at  command,  I  will 
]»roceed  at  once  to  outline  my  scheme  of  classilication. 

Primarily  the  species  divide  into  two  series  upon  the  arnuiture  of  the 
anterior  tibia*.  In  the  lirst  series  the  member  is  not  at  all  spinose,  in 
the  second  the  member  is  spinose,  the  armature  variable. 

Rhynchagrntis  is  applied  to  a  series  of  speciies  in  whi<'li  the  antenna' 
of  Imth  sexes  are  simple  or  merely  ciliated  in  the  male.  The  thorax 
and  alHlomen  are  depressed,  the  i)rimaries  subeqsial  in  most  cases,  the 
apices  re<;tangular  or  rounded,  the  outt'r  margin  rounded  or  scarcely 
oblique.    The  palpi  tend  to  fmin,  ami  iu  most  cases  do  form,  a  distinct 


Bill 

thi 

aiJ 
cut 
tu] 

or! 

1»M 

wi 

coil 


.1(1  me  for 
>rono  was 
for  kindly 
II  tlie  col- 
uriiil  not 
the  tyiies 
lies  were 
>e(MmenH. 
I  un  what 
dy.  The 
lot  Hcaiit, 
tiuiis  and 
Dt  named 
material. 
|)h  uf  the 
i-ed  by  me 
I  l)iolo;;ic 
ly  him  in 
^  out  of 
diic  work 
gs  of  the 
ah  I  had 
ma<le  in 
■arranj^e- 
the  man- 
1  in  the 
S9(>,  and 
material 
i-y,  1890, 
tnid  col- 
I  a  nuin- 

to  none 
isentcd, 

k'd,  and 
1,  1  will 

[e  of  the 
nose,  in 

Intonnu' 

thorax 

Ises,  the 

joareoly 

listinut 


REVISION    OF   SPECIKS    OF    TIIK    OKNIIS    AGKOTIS.  » 

snout  or  beak,  which  characterizes  the  forms  related  to  tupiihi,  which  is 
the  typical  siiecies. 

I  reco|;nlze  three  p^roups  in  this  genus  based  upon  color,  niaculation, 
and  tuftiufjs.  Ch  irdintii  with  yellow  secondaries  is  typical  of  the  first ; 
vupida  with  complete  ("rdinary  spots,  no  or  but  indeJiiiite  thoracic 
tufting,  is  typical  of  the  second;  while  the  third,  with  V  shaped,  open 
orbicular  and  more  distinct  thoracic  tufting,  is  typical  oi"  the  third. 

Atlelphagrotis  also  has  simple  male  antenna';  the  abdomen  is  not  de- 
ju'essed  but  <'-ylindroconic,  the  primaries  elongate,  trigonal*',  the  thorax 
with  distinct  anterior  and  posterior  divided  tults.  Sfelloris  may  be 
considered  typical  of  this  genus. 

Platagrotis  is  structurally  close  to  the  preceding,  but  (he  wings  are 
wider,  more  frail  in  appearance,  the  thoracic  tufrings  indelinite.  The 
species  have  an  entirely  ditt'erent  habitus,  and  Npcaiosa  ma}-  De  consid- 
ereil  typical. 

^M^rc^a/^ro/w  contains  a  few  species  differing  from  all  the  i)receding 
by  wide  primaries  with  strongly  arched  costa  an<l  roundeil  apices  and 
outer  margin.  The  antenna!  are  finely  serrated  in  the  male,  and  the 
thorax  is  prominently  tufted,  the  crest  divided.  Siijmoidcs  is  the  typi- 
cal species. 

Abagrotis  is  based  uponasingularly  intermediate  form,  with  the  wing 
form  of  lihynrhagrot is,  with  the  serrated  and  bristly  tufted  <J  antenuie 
peculiar  to  some  of  the  later  ginera,  and  a  distinct,  keel  like,  thoracic 
crest.    The  combination  is  unique,  crratica,  being  type  and  only  species. 

Semiophorn  differs  from  all  the  preceding  in  the  bipectinated  male 
antenine.  The  primaries  are  wide,  the  costa  arched,  somewhat  as  in 
EneretugrotiH.  The  genus  is  not  a  very  compact  one,  the  forms  differing 
ill  habitus  to  some  extent.    Cathcriua  is  the  generic  type. 

With  this  ends  the  series  in  which  the  anterior  tibia'  are  not  spinose. 
It  comprises  the  smaller  number  of  sjiecies,  and  except  in  lihynvhagrotis 
there  is  little  ditlluulry  in  identification. 

In  the  second  seri«'s  two  obvious  divisions  are  possible,  the  first  hav- 
ing the  front  of  head  smooth  ami  flat ;  the  second  with  the  front  rough, 
protuberant,  or  tuberculate.  The  character  is  easily  made  out  by  using 
a  line  pin,  which  drawn  over  the  front  will  with  a  very  little  care  «le- 
tect  the  nature  of  the  structure  concealed  by  the  vestituie. 

Of  the  first  division  /*ac/oK>6m  is  eharacteri/ed  by  loose,  hairy  vesti- 
tuie. The  species  base  a  bombycifonn  appeirance  and  are  gj'nerally 
reddish  or  ferruginous  in  color.  In  intennal  structure  they  vary  from 
simple  to  pectinated,  further  subdivision  oi-  this  character  being  here 
deemed  inadvisable.  The  other  genera  all  have  a  mixed  or  s(!aly  vesti- 
tare  much  more  compactly  disposed. 

Sitiigrotis  is  characterized  by  having  S  antenna',  with  the  joints  lat- 
erally furnished  with  bristly  tufts.  The  primaries  are  normally  tiigo- 
nafe  and  the  habitus  refers  rather  to  the  later  groui»s  than  where  here 
interpolated.    Th«'  geiieri<i  type  is  phniij'iom. 


w 

t- 
I 


10 


BULLETIN    HH,    UNITED    STATES    NATIONAL    MUSEUM. 


To  Agrotis  I  refer  those  species  which  have  ariiied  fore  tibiie.  smooth 
front  mixed  or  scaly  vestiture  and  pectinated  male  antenna'.  The  Euro- 
pean segetum  is  the  jjfeneric  type.  Of  our  own  species,  ypsilon  most 
nearly  resembles  the  type  in  habitus. 

Peridroma  has  the  male  anteniiic  simple,  the  fore  winjjs  trigonate, 
regularly  widening  from  base,  the  ainces  marked,  outer  margin  oblique. 
Sawia  is  the  generic  type. 

Two  groups  are  recognized  in  this  genus.  The  first,  of  which  saucia 
is  also  type,  has  the  primaries  (luite  strongly  produced  apically  and  has 
a  divided  thoracic  tuft ;  the  secolnl,  of  which  ineiviii  is  typical,  has  the 
primaries  less  produced  apically  and  has  no  divided  thoracic  tnft. 

NoctuajOf  which,  among  our  own  species,  nonnaniana  may  be  con- 
sidered typical,  differs  from  Agrotis  in  having  the  primaries  more 
abruptly  widening  near  base,  the  apices  and  outer  margin  rounded  or 
at  most  rectangular. 

Two  groups  may  also  be  distinguished  in  the  genus.  The  first,  of 
which  normaniann  is  typical,  has  the  second  joint  of  palpi  clavate,  and 
the  ordinary  trtansverse  maculation  is  distinct;  the  second,  of  which 
clandestina  is  typical,  has  the  palpi  equal  throughout,  while  the  trans- 
verse maculation  is  obsolete  or  confused. 

The  remaining  genera  have  the  front  rough,  protluced,  or  tuberculate. 

Chorizagrofis  has  the  antennai  of  tlij  male  simple  or  ciliate  merely, 
the  primaries  elongate,  narrow,  subequal  and  the  abdomen  depressed. 
AuvUinris  is  the  generic  type. 

RhizagrotiH  has  the  primaries  normally  trigonate  in  form  ami  the 
abdomen  is  not  depressed.  CloanihoUka  may  be  considered  the  type. 
The  $  antenn.e  are  simple. 

This  genus  is  divisible  into  three  groups.  In  the  first,  the  niacula- 
tion  is  normal,  not  strigose,  and  the  ordinary  si)ots  are  distinct;  «/>- 
normiH  is  typical.  In  the  second,  tiie  ordinary  spots  are  more  or  less 
obscured  by  longitudinally  stri^jate  nnirks,  transverse  lines  when  evi- 
dent, single;  acclh'is  is  typical.  In  the  third,  the  ordinary  sjmts  are 
more  or  less  completely  confluent,  the  maculation  is  longitudinally 
strigose,  the  transverse  lines  are  wanting,  and  the  colors  are  pale  gray. 
Cloanthoides  is  typical  of  tiiis  group  as  well  as  of  the  genus. 

The  remaining  genera  have  the  male  antennse  serrate  and  bristled 
or  pectinated,  and  resort  njust  be  had  for  a  main  division  to  the  sexual 
characters  which  here  become  very  constant  in  type,  varying  within 
narrow  limits  only.  In  the  one  division  the  clasper  attached  to  the 
harpes  is  a  single,  long,  corneous  hook  or  a  shorter  beak-like  prociess; 
in  the  other  the  clasper  is  distinctly  bifurcate,  the  Ibrks  long  ami  dis- 
tinct. 

Two  genera  can  be  recognized  in  the  first  division.  Feltia,  of  which 
Huhgothica  is  typical,  has  the  prinniries  short  ami  wide,  the  apices  are 
rounded,  and  the  colors  are  usually  dark.  The  form  is  robust  and  the 
species  are  very  compactly  built.    The  nmle  antenna'  are  variable.  Two 


RKVISION   OF   SPECIlvS   OF   THE   GENUS   A(JKOTIS. 


11 


I's  are 
1(1  the 
Two 


{jioups  are  fonneil  in  this  genus,  lii  the  first,  of  vhich  mihyothica  is 
typical  the  orbicular  is  open  above,  V-shaped ;  in  the  second,  of  which 
veHerabiliH  is  typical,  the  orbicular  is  complete. 

Porosagrotis  is  applied  to  a  series  of  forms  of  usually  pale  colors, 
moderately  long  and  narrow  primaries  in  which  the  apices  are  distinct, 
and  in  which  the  clavifom  is  rarely,  the  basal  <lash  never,  i>re8ent. 
They  difler  in  habitus  very  greatly  from  the  prece«ling,  and  mura-nula  is 
typical. 

The  remainder  of  the  species,  over  one-third  of  the  entire  number, 
are  referable  to  the  genus  Carnea({es,o(  which  marcns  and  citricolor  are 
typical.  They  agree  in  the  tuberculato  front,  brush  like  (bristled)  male 
antenna',  heavily  spinose  fore-tibiie,  and  finally  in  the  bifurcate  clasper 
of  the  male  genitalia. 

This  large  series  of  species  is  divisible  into  five  fairly  well-marked 
groups.  Group  idlsonii  has  primaries  with  depressed,  somewhat  con- 
cave costa,  the  apices  somewhat  produced,  and  thus  differs  from  all  the 
others,  in  which  the  costa  is  normally  straight  or  slightly  convex. 
Group  quailridentata  is  distinguished  by  the  pale  lines  marking  veins, 
three  and  four  and  six  and  seven  and  variably  indenting  the  terminal 
sjiace. 

Group  mimnria  is  recognizable  by  the  very  evident  mpdi;:n  shade 
crossing  the  outer  portion  of  median  space,  and  forming  often  the 
only  prominent  bit  of  maculation  in  the  species.  Ciroup  pitychrous 
is  largely  negative,  containing  species  which  have  no  distinctive  char- 
acters referring  them  to  other  groups.  Finally,  group  tcsxcilafa  con- 
tains those  species  in  which  the  cell  is  black,  or  of  some  darker  shade 
than  ground  color,  between  the  ordinary  spots.  A  number  of  species 
which  are  not  referred  to  at  all  in  this  paper,  but  which  appear  in  Mr. 
Grote's  list,  were  not  properly  referable  to  Agrotts^  even  under  the  vague 
dclinition  winch  allowed  such  a  loose  assemblage. 

It  is  suggestive  that  so  large  a  proportion  of  our  species  arc  from  tlio 
we?''  M  part  of  our  country,  and  that  those  species  are  mostly  referable 
to  liione  genera  in  which  the  front  is  modified  in  some  way  and  the  tibial 
armature  heavy.  In  fact  the  distinctive  character  of  the  western  fauna 
is  shown  in  the  very  luedominance,  and  sometimes  abnormal  develop- 
ment of  tibial  and  clypeal  armature.  The  groat  preponderance  of  palo 
or  bright  colors  of  the  species  of  Colorado,  New  Mexico,  Arizona,  and 
Utah  is  also  worthy  of  note  and  may  allow  of  some  interesting  con- 
clusions when  the  facts  are  more  completely  ascertained  and  collated. 
1  have  attempted  few  generalizations  since  the  bringing  of  order  out  of 
the  chaos  of  spe(!ies  has  been  a  task  so  great  ami  spreatl  over  so  long  a 
l)iM'iod  that  the  comi)reheiisive  view  of  the  forms  as  a  wlmle  has  been 
<)bscured.  The  scheme  above  outlined  is  capable  of  more  definite  and 
comprehensive  statement  in  tabular  form. 


i 


I  If  J 


Ml 


12 


lUILLETIN    ;J8,    UNITKD    STATKS    NAIIUNAL    MITSKUM. 


7. 
8. 
9. 

10. 

11. 

1'2. 

i:j. 
u. 

HI 


18, 


10 


SYNOPSIS  OK  (J|-.\r.II.\   AXn  IJKOLTS. 

Anterior  tiliiip  not  spinosc 2 

Antcricr  tiliiic  si)inoHt! 9 

Antcnnif  of  nuilo  simple  or  merely  ciliated 'A 

Aiitenii!!'  of  male  HorratiMl  nnil  bristled 7 

Anttimie  of  male  iiectinated H 

Abdomen  and  thorax  di'iires.iid;  primaries  hiibi«|iial :  outer  maruiii  and  apex 

rounded  or  reetaufjiilnr KiiY.NciiAiiUoris,  4 

Abdomen  normally  cylinilric  or  conic;;  \vin<is  irij^onaie 0 

Secondaries  yellow (iiroii|»  t/»rtr</iH^». 

•Secondaries  fuscous  ur  smoky,  not  yellow .'> 

Thorax  not,  or  (disolettdy,  tufted  ;  ordinary  sjiots  complete (irou|>  cupida. 

Thorax  more  or  loss  ovideutly  tufted  ;  orbicular  incomplete,  opiMi  superiorly, 

(irim\uf  HI  rtiHliynni. 
Primaries  elongate,  thorax  with  distinct  anterior  and  posterior  divided  tufts, 

AnKi.niAOUoTis. 
Primaries  wide  and  frail:  thoracic  tuftin<rs  indefniite  ;  costa  not  arehitd, 

Platagkoti."*. 
Primaries  unusually  wide,  costa  strongly  arelied  ;  thoracic  tnftiii^s  distinct, 

i;ri:itr.TA(iit(>Tis. 

Thorax  with  a  sharp  crest;  wings  as  in  group  ciipida AiiA(ii!nris. 

Wings  broad  ;  costa  of  primaries  arched Semioi-iioha. 

Front  smooth 10 

Front  rough,  tubcreulated,  or  pitted If) 

Vestituro  long,  loos",  and  hairy  ;  autenna-  various Pacii.\oi»ta. 

Vestiture  mixed  scales  and  hair 11 

Antenna;  of  male  with  joints  marked  laterally  with  tufts  of  bristly  hair, 

Si;TA(;itoTi8. 

An  ten  me  of  male  bi  pectinated Atiitoris. 

Aiitenn:!'  of  male  simple  or  merely  ciliated lii 

Primaries  regularly  widening,  apices  distin<'t,  not  rounded PRlciDlio.MA,  1:? 

Primaries  with  apices  rectangular  or  rounded Nocti'a,  14 

Thorax  with  distinct  anterior  and  posterior  divided  crest;  primaries  qnito 

strongly  produced  at  apex Grouji  saiicia. 

Thoracic  tufts  not<livided;  apices  of  primaries  less  produced Group  iuvivia. 

Palpi  clavato  toward  tip;  transverse  lines  and  t)rdinary  spots  distinct, 

(iroup  iwriiianimia. 
Palpi  e<]ual  throughout ;  transverse  lines  and  ordinary  spots  becoming  ob- 

s(dete  or  confused Cirin}\M'Ian<h xlhia. 

Antenna'  of  male  simpb;  or  eiliate  only 10 

Antennie  of  mali;  i)ectiuated  or  serrate  and  bristled 18 

Primaries  narrow,  elongate,  subequal,  ordinary  spots  always,  lines  usually,  dis 

tinct;  abdomen  dejiressed C'liouiZAtinoris. 

Primaries  normally  wide,  abdomen  not  depressed KiiiZAOitoiis,  17 

Maeulation  normal,  not  strigosc;  ordinary  spots  distinct Group  abiioniiiH. 

Ordinary   spots   more  w  less  obscured   by  longitudinally   strigato   marks; 

transverse  lines  when  evident,  singhi (Jroup  occi.i.T, 

Ordinary  spots  more  or  less  c<nnpletely  conlluent,  maculation  longitudinally 

strigose;  transverse  lines  w    ."ting;  colors  piili; Griuip  clodHthoidrH. 

Clasper  of  male  gtMiitalia  consisting  of  a  long,  corneous  liool:,  or  shorter,  be;ik- 

like  process ...    11) 

Clasper  of  nnile  genitalia  bifurcate Caknkadics,  riO 

Wings  short  and  wide,  apices  not  pointed  ;  coloiitibii  k I'ki-TIA. 

Orbicular  open  above,  costa  paler. Group  mihifothica. 


RKVISION    OF    SPECIES   Ol'   THE   GENUS   AGROTI8.  18 

Orlticiiliir  cuiniiluttf  ;  cluviforiii  nhviiys,  liusal  dasli  iHiially,  iliMtiiict, 

Cinmii  rviirnihilig. 
Wiii^H  l<Mi<{ci'  iiiitl  iijirrowur ;  apicfs  iiiiirk<Ml;  cliivifuriii  wiMoiii,  Itiisul  dit.sli  never, 

Itrfsout,  «'olors  piili- I'lti.oSAtiitoTis. 

'M.  C'ltHtii  (•(iiicavc,  (IcprcsMi'd,  iipitt's  of  |ii'iiii:iri<-.s  proiliiciMl (iroiij)  wil»uiiii. 

Cost  11  iiotiiijil,  straight  or  con  vex 'J  I 

21.  Maciilatioii  imU-liiiit)',  not  li(>l(in<;iii;{  to  other  <;i'(iii|is. (iroiip /x'/i/r/iroic*. 

H.  t.  Hpace  croHscd  liy  pale  isa<riliatf  huvn  on  veinn  tiirve  and  tour  and  ^4ix  nntl 

Meven,  variably  indent iug  n.  t.  lino Group  qimdritkntala. 

No  .sagittato  marks. 

A  distinct  transverse  median  shade  through  outer  pitrt  of  median  spiice, 

Group  nuHiioria. 
No  transverse  median  shade  ;  eell  between  the  onlinary  spot.s  dusky  to  ld:u'kisii, 

(Jrouii  tinncltiita. 

Genus  RHYNCHAOROTIS  Smith. 

Anterior  tibiii'  not  spinosc;  iUittMiiiic  of  iiiiilo  simple;  abdomen  dc- 
l>reissetl ;  tlioiax  more  or  le.ss  depressed,  obsoletely  tiilteti,  or  with  small 
divided  crests.  Primaries  subeipial,  onter  martcin  roumled;  ap»!X 
rounded  or  rectanj^ular,  palpi  forminjj  a  more  or  les.s  evident  snout. 

Tlio  above  will  siirtice  to  distinguish  the.  particMdar  series  of  the 
Aurotes  to  which  it  refers,  in  atldition  to  what  has  already  been  said  on 
the  siiltjeet. 

Three  groups  are  united  under  tliis  tvrm,  differing  among  tliemselves 
in  pattern  of  niaculation  and  in  the  t.vi)e  of  the  male  genitalia. 

(Iroup  cluinUnjfi  is  easily  distinguished  by  the  yellow  secondaries. 

( 1  ro u p  fH^>tV/a  contains  six'cies  in  which  the  niaculation  is  complete 
and  the  thora.K  is  not,  or  i.  *  prominently,  tufted.  The  palpi  are  most 
evidently  snout-like. 

(rroup  exficrtistiffma  contains  species  in  which  the  orbicular  is  more 
or  less  V-shaped,  open  to  the  costa  which  is  usually  more  or  less  pallid. 
The  thoracic  tufts  are  always  evident,  but  scarcely  prominent. 

The  characters  of  the  genitalia,  are  discussed  under  the  group  head- 
ings. 

Group  CIIAKDINYI. 

Anterior  tibiae  not  spinose,  front  sm(K)th,  antenna'  of  male  simple,  flat- 
ti'iied,  densely  clothed  with  line  pubescence  beneath,  and  with  long 
eiliai  from  each  sideof  each  Joint,  not  pectinated  asstate<l  l»y  Mr.  (Irote. 
The  thoracic  vestiture  is  smooth,  hairy,  the  hairs  slightly  llattened. 
Abdomen  depressed.  Primaries  rather  short,  broad,  ii[»ices  rectangu- 
lar, outer  margin  straight,  to  the  middle.  Secondaries  yellow  with  a 
broad  black  mai'gin  and  yellow  fringes. 

This  group,  though  placed  with,  and  certainly  very  closely  allied  to 
viipida^  yet  shows  so  many  peculiar  characteristics  that  it  would  seem 
possible  to  sei)arate  it  by  a  distinct  generic  term.  The  two  species, 
riifijH'ctiis  and  bntnnciooUi.s  are,  however,  som(>what  intermediate,  and 
as  the  species  can  hardly  be  referred  to  Triphwia,  I  prefer  to  leave  it 


!i 


i 


if 


»*« 


14 


nULLKTlN    38,    UNITED    STATES    NATIONAL    MUSEUM. 


here.  The  yellow  .secondaries  will  at  once  distinguish  it,  as  no  other 
American  species  is  so  marked. 

The  form  found  here,  is  said  to  be  the  Asiatic  chardinyi.  Mr.  Grote 
first  stated  that  the  fore  tibia*  in  his  specimens  were  spinose,  but  1  have 
never  been  able  to  disciover  any. 

The  bibliography  so  far  as  refers  to  our  fauna,  is — 


Rbynchagrotis  cbardinyi  Mil  v. 

IH'Jl).  Hdv.,  Iiul.  Mftli.,  IM,  Triphnna. 

iHriCi.  (in.,  Sji.  (it'll.  Noct.,  I,  :U7,  Tr'nthivim. 

H74.  Sirk.,  Lt-p.  Hliop.  et  Ilct.,  Tit,  .li/iolU. 

IH83.  Ort..  I'nic.  Am.  I'liil.  Hoc,  xxi.  l.'.tl,  Aijiotin. 

flilripiiiiiis  (ift. 

1874.  (Jrt.,  .Sixth  Kept.  I'lNib.  Ac.  Si:i.,  App.,il,  .ajrotia. 

1H74.  Grt.,  Ciiii.  Eiit.,  \i,  71,  AijnitiH. 

1H7.'>.  Grt.,  null.  Hull.  .Soc.  N.it.  .Sci.,  11,301,  Afjrolis. 

187.').  Morr..  I'nM'.  Ho.sr.  Soc.  N.  H..  IH,  p.  117,  pr.  syii. 

Irt70.  Grt.,  Stctt.  Eiit.  Zcit.,  v,  37,  1:?,'),  pr.  ,sjii. 

Primaries  varying  in  tint  from  reddish  to  dusky  oclier  brown  with 
the  transver.se  lines  blackish,  even,  tolerably  distinct;  the  t.  p.  line 
with  a  rounded  outward  extension  o[>posite  the  cell  and  a  .slight  out- 
waul  tooth  on  vein  one.  Ordinary  spots  sometimes  (iistin<;tly  limited. 
Orbicular  very  oblicpu',  attaining  or  fusing  with  therenifonn  inferio.iy, 
pale  with  indistinct  darker  interior  shades.  Reniform  upright,  moder- 
ate, with  darker  center  and  i)ale  ochery  ringed.  The  median  space  is 
shaded  with  blackish  po.steriorly.  S.  t.  line  distinct  and  continued, 
preceded  by  a  dark  costal  shade  relieving  two  costal  pale  dots.  Ter- 
minal line  even,  fringes  dark.  Ilind  wings  yellow,  with  yellow  fringes, 
and  a  very  broad  black  margin  which  intrudes  more  or  less  on  the  cen- 
tral yellow  field.  Beneath  the  hind  wings  are  yellow  with  narrower 
black  hiinl  border  and  faint  discal  point;  costal  region  dusky.  Fore 
wings  with  the  center  blackish,  co.stal  and  termiinil  regions  brownish, 
varying  in  tone  with  the  upper  surface.  The  body  colors  vary  in  tone 
with  the  fore  wings,  and  the  black  margins  of  the  hind  wings  vary  in 
width,  .sometimes  encroaching  strongly  on  the  yellow  discal  field. 

Expanse  2(>-34""''.  l.Oo-l  M  inches. 

Habitat. — Anticosti,  Labrador,  Maine,  New  York  (Adiroudacks), 
Canada,  Vermont. 

The  above  de.scription  is  principally  from  Mr.  Grote's  characteriza- 
tion of  gih'ipcnnis,  which  is  very  fair.  There  is  considerable  variation 
in  the  ground  color,  and  in  the  relative  distinctness  of  the  markings, 
and  also  in  the  distinctness  and  size  of  the  white  costal  spots.  The 
genitalia  of  the  male  are  very  simple,  the  harpes  with  the  tip  rounded, 
not  spiiudo.se.  The  clasper  consists  of  a  long,  very  strongly  curved, 
corneous  hook,  shown  in  figure  1  on  PI.  ii. 

I  have  taken  this  species  in  the  Adiromlacksat  an  elevation  of  about 
2,000  feet,  and  also  in  Benniugtou  County,  Vermont.    It  seems  not  rare 


RKVISION    OF    SPECIES    OF    THE    GENUS    AGKOTIS. 


15 


no  other 

Ir. ( I rote 
It  1  have 


own  with 
t.  p.  line 
lij;lit  out- 
y  limited, 
iiiferioily, 
it,  njotler- 
i  space  is 
oiitinued, 
)ts.  Ter- 
\\  frin}?es, 
\  the  cen- 
niUTOwer 
vy.  Fore 
jrownish, 
in  tone 
s  vary  iu 
eld. 

ondacks), 

lacteriza- 
variation 
iiurkings, 
)t8.  The 
rounded, 
y  curved, 

of  about 
9  not  rare 


from  Maine  northward,  and  i»  attracted  by  light.  I  have  not  becu  able 
to  compare  Siberian  specimens,  and  as  Mr.  (Irote  has  accepted  therele- 
{lation  of  his  siwcies  into  the  synonymy,  1  follow  Mr.  Morrison's  refer- 
ence. 

Gronp  CUPIDA. 

The  species  which  I  bring  together  in  this  group,  form  an  aggrega- 
tion rather  sharply  detined  from  the  other  species  of  the  genus  antl  en- 
titled perhaps  to  distinct  generic  designation.  They  really  represent  in 
our  fauna  the  yellow  winged  species  of  Europe  for  which  Ttipha'na  has 
been  used,  and  of  which  pronuba  may  be  considered  typical.  The  head 
is  small,  front  smooth,  narrow,  gently  rounded,  not  bulging;  the  eyes 
njoderate,  the  pali»i  short,  proje(;ted  straight  forward,  second  joint  en- 
larged at  tip,  less  so  in  the  IJrst  subgroup,  terminal  Joint  minute.  The 
front  has  a  small  pointed  tuft  which  with  the  straight  palpi  form  a  short 
com[)ressed  snout,  less  evident  iu  rujipectus  and  bntnnvicollis  and  again 
percei)tible  in  some  species  of  the  exsertistiyma  group,  but  yet  so  evi- 
dently marked  in  the  second  subgroup  that  by  this  character  alone 
could  the  species  be  recognized.  Other  characters  are,  however,  not 
wanting.  The  thorax  is  depressed,  smoothly  clothed  except  iu  the 
aberrant  mirtxhilin,  the  vestiture  being  scaly,  with  an  admixture  of  flat- 
tened hair.  Abdomen  flattened,  truncate  at  tip,  the  appearance  most 
evident  in  virgin  9  9  or  in  those  which  have  oviposited.  The  gravid  9 
has  the  abdomen  distended,  cyliudric,  with  au  obtuse  conic  tip,  and  yet 
even  then  the  depressed  appearance  remains,  and  is  very  distinct  from 
the  normal  type.  The  primaries  are  comparatively  narrow,  subequal 
in  most  species,  or  when  they  are  trigonate,  then  the  wing  is  rather 
short,  and  never  ample.  In  the  typical  species  the  ornamentation  is 
nearly  identical,  dift'ering  only  in  nunor  details.  The  ordinary  spots 
are  always  present  and  always  complete,  though  occasionally  they  are 
verj'  faintly  traceable.  In  nearly  all  the  species  the  terminal  space  is 
more  or  less  discolorous,  or  at  least  slightly  i»aler  than  the  grouud  color, 
though  this  is  variable  in  specimens  of  the  same  species.  As  a  whole, 
the  species  of  the  group  are  recognizable  at  a  glance. 

Two  evident  subgroups  may  be  recognized,  the  first  containing  rvji- 
jyectiis  Morr.,  and  brunnckoUis  (Irt.,  and  the  other,  the  balance  of  the 
species.  In  ornamentation  tlie  species  agree  in  having  the  head  and 
collar  darker  than  ground  color,  which  is  the  case  in  no  member  of  the 
next  subgroup.  The  palpi  are  not  so  evidently  Ibrmetl  into  a  snout, 
and  the  abdomen  is  longer.  Among  themselves  the  species  difler  in 
the  darker  color,  and  purplish  red  body  vestiture  of  rujipectus,  and  in 
the  narrow  primaries  and  ample  secondaries  as  well  as  pale  color  of 
brunneicoUis.  Another  common  character  which  separates  them  from 
the  other  species  is  the  form  of  the  S  genitalia,  which  are  somewhat 
allied  to  clmrdinyi.  Here  ti»e  harpes  are  membraneous,  broad,  only 
slightly  concave,  the  tip  slightly  produced  superiorly  and  rounded. 


k; 


lU.LLETIN    ;;^,    I'M TK1>    STATES    NATIONAL    ML'SKIM. 


The  claspor  is  long,  conieous,  uikI  curved,  single.  In  the  remainder 
of  the  species,  cupula  and  itltcrnata  excepted,  one  {general  form  of  clas^ter 
obtains.  Chisper  and  harpes  are  practically  combined  in  an  excavate 
corneous  main  shank,  with  a  lonjj  curved  superior  |»rocess.  In  vupitla 
the  same  general  form  obtains,  but  from  the  upper  inner  niar^'in  pro- 
jects a  short  (inj^er-like  process. 

Alternata  differs  in  havin<;  from  the  nii(blle  of  the  main  shank  a  coni- 
cal chitinous  process  proloujfed  into  a  short  acute  and  slijjhtly  curved 
hook. 

The  siK'cies  are  otherwise  rea<lily  separated.  MirahiUti  an<l  imhyaiiH 
are  aberrant  in  havin;j  a  more  or  less  evidently  tliscolorons  thoracic 
disc  and  fore  and  aft  tufts,  which  at  once  distinguish  these  species;  »«- 
elcfians  has  the  reniform  concolorous;  in  mirabilis  it  is  i)ale,  discolor- 
ous.  VittifroHH  and  bimarginalis  agree  in  the  general  dark  color,  and  the 
broadly  pallid  contrasting  costa,  ditferiug  among  themselves  by  the 
otherwise  even  color  oi'ritti/rons,  and  the  contrasting  ferruginous  thorax 
and  gray  terminal  space  oibiinarginalis.  Together  they  are  most  nearly 
allied  to  7Kirabilis,  and  through  it  to  stellaris^  in  one  direction,  and  ex- 
scrtistigma  in  the  other.  The  remaining  species  are  exceedingly  varia- 
ble in  ground  color,  which  ranges  from  clay  yellow  or  drab  to  olivaceous 
gray  or  deep  red  brown,  and  in  the  details  of  maculatiou.  Yet  with  a 
little  care  the  species  are  easily  recognized.  Minimalis  and  cupula 
have  elongate,  narrow  primaries;  in  the  first  the  lines  are  simple,  in  the 
second  they  are  geminate,  and  at  the  inner  margin  of  s.  t.  line  is  a  dark 
costal  patch,  which  through  all  color  variations  holds  its  own  and 
marks  this  species  to  a  certainty.  It  is  a  purely  eastern  and  rather 
northern  form. 

In  j>laci(la  the  wings  are  proportionately  shorter,  the  apex  and  outer 
margin  are  strongly  rounded,  and  the  species  as  a  whole  looVs  stouter 
than  cupula.  The  terminal  space  is  usually  distinctly  blue  gray,  but 
occasionally  in  a  pale  drab  specimen,  the  contrast  is  hardly  apparent. 
The  species  is  usually  western. 

Variata,  alternata,  and  cupiilisshna  are  wider-winged  si>ecies.  Alter- 
nata is  easily  recognized.  It  is  larger  than  the  others  and  the  color  is 
nearly  always  pale  drab  or  clay  yellow  ;  the  terminal  space  is  always 
paler,  and  the  maculatiou  is  very  distinct.     It  is  an  eastern  form. 

Variata  is  also  a  large  species  with  the  maculatiou  subobsolete,  the 
lines  jmwdery,  and  the  terminal  si)ace  pale  bluish  gray ;  rarixi)rt.is 
applied  to  a  pale  form  of  this  species.    It  is  western. 

CupiillsNinui  is  a  smaller  insect  with  usually  more  evident  maculatiou 
and  less  contrasting  terminal  space;  ori»/,s' and  lactula  are  applied  to 
forms  of  this  species.    It  is  western. 

It  is  noticeable  that  while  the  eastern  species  of  the  second  subgroup 
differ  from  the  western  forms,  and  inter  se,  in  the  form  of  the  S  geni- 
talia, the  western  forms  show  a  remarkable  agreement  in  this  respect. 
Air.  Butler  has  made  some  syuonymical  references  in  this  group  which 


il< 


iiisiiiitler 
ifclas[K'r 
L'xciivate 
II  cupula 
jjiii  pro- 

k  a  colli- 
y  curved 

imlcyaiiH 
tlioracic 
jcii's;  /«- 
(liscolor- 
r,aii4l  tliu 
s  by  the 
us  tliurax 
Kst  nearly 
I,  and  ex- 
,'ly  varia- 
livaceous 
et  with  ii 
id  cup  if! a 
tie,  in  the 
is  a  dark 
own  and 
ratlier 

lid  outer 
stouter 
fay,  but 
iparent. 

Alter- 
color  is 
always 

l-in. 
ete,  the 

X  (Irt.  is 

(Hilatiou 
plied  to 

iibgroup 
i  {jeiii- 
respect. 

p  which 


UKVISION    or   SFKCIKS   OF   THK   (SKNTM   AOKOTI8.  17 

I  find  it  impossilile  to  ac<*ept.  He  iiiaKcs  rarix,  niriatn,  anil  aUcrnntn 
IbriiiH  of />/i^//(>p/<iora,  althongli  the  latter  is  structurally  distinct  from 
(he  others  ami  referable  to  a  dincicnt  ;;enus.  Mr.  Butler's  pa]>er  in 
Trans.  Knt.  Soi;.,  Lond.,  18.SM,  I't.  iii,  proves  tha!,  he  has  completely 
inistMMl  the  true  basis  of  i;eiieri<'  distinction  in  this  ;;ioup,  and  his  anso- 
ciations  of  species  are  thoroughly  sii[H'rricial  and  structurally  unwar- 
ranted. 

HYXorsiS   o|-   TIIK   HPKCIKH. 

Tliornx  iiiitiirtoil  or  with  Imt  a  fn-lilc  luisiil  tuft. 
Ileiid  aiul  collar  ilmcoIorDiiN,  Itrowii  or  lilack. 

Thi»rax  ami  |irimarii's<l«M']>  cariifoiis  ^ray.  <(illar  hhnk itfKii'KCTl?». 

Tliorax  ami  primarii's  vcllowisli,  ln-aii  rcrriiyiiioiis iikcnm'.icoi.ms. 

Ihvttl  and  collar  concoloroiis,  co.sta  not  iliscoloroiis,  paler. 
l'riiiiurit>H  narrow,  Niilici|iial. 
Primaries  clonjratc. 

Color  rcililiNli  lirown,  transverse  lines  sin^lt! MlMM  M.is. 

Color  from  cla.v   yellow  to  red  brown;  transverse   linen  jn'minate;  a  dark 

costal  iiatcli  at  inception  of  s.  t.  line Cil'IKA. 

Primaries  shorter,  color  varyinj;  fromdirty  yellow  to  lirijjht  red  hrown  ortlark 
^ray  ;  terminal  space  usually  pale  Ki'i>y  <>f  hloisli,  rarely  concolnrons, 

I'l.AClUA. 

Primaries  evidently  wider,  trifjonatc. 

Color  dark  brownish  red  to  pale  drab  or  olivo  pray,  terminal  space  contrast- 
iufj  bluish  fjray,  transverse  lines  inilistinct  powdered  with  fjray,  ordi- 
nary spots  faintly  outlined vakiata. 

Color  clay  yellow  with  paler  contiaslin^  terminal  space,  transverse  lines  and 

spots  very  distinct ;  s.  t.  line  sinuate,  uneven ai.tkknaTa. 

Color  varii!8  from  clay  yellow  to  bri;;ht  re<l.  terminal  space  not  <'ontrastin};, 

transverse  lines  faint ;  s.  t.  lino  more  even cui'I1>is.si.ma. 

Collar  discolorous,  primaries  with  costa  broadly  pallid. 

Tliorax  ferrujriiious,  outer  nuir^in  of  ]iriuiaries  bluish  <;ray.  ..liiMAKniNAtJS. 

Thorax  sepia-brown,  primaries  evenly  coucolorous nittikuons. 

Thorax  with  distinct  anterior  and  posterior  tufts. 

Itenifornt  concolorons,  outlined  with  pale  scales .iXKi,i;(iAX.s. 

Heniform  largo  contrasting  pale  yellowish miiiaiiim.s. 

Rhynchagrotis  ruilpectus  Morr. 

1874  Morr.,  Proc.  Bost.  Soc.,  N.  H.,  17,  Hi,'),  .{(jrotia. 
187«)  Grt.,  Ann.  Lye.  Nat.  Hist.  N.  V.,  xi,  :!(»l,    Ujrotis. 

Thorax  and  primaries  of  varying;  shades  of  bluish  ji^'^.v,  somewhat 
irrorate  with  brown  scales,  collar  and  head  dark  re«l  brown,  the  former 
tipped  with  gray;  transverse  lines  geminate  narrow,  black,  often  ob- 
solete; t.  a.  line  forming  three  distinct  outward  curves  or  scallops;  t. 
p.  line  slightly  crenulated,  with  a  regular  outwarfl  curve  over  the  cell; 
s.  t.  space  darkening  gradually  to  the  distinct  black  s.  t.  line.  Ordinary 
spots  faintly  outlined  by  brown  scales,  reniform  with  a  dark  filling;  at 
lower  portion  a  faint  brown  median  shatle  is  traceable.  Beneath,  the 
oriiameiitatioii  is  that  common  to  the  entire  group;  primaries  with 
costal  and  outer  margin  irrorate  with  purplish  scales,  else  blackish^ 
L»;m5— Bull.  38 2 


1 «' 

I.' , 

!    t 

u 

HI' 

II.: 


18 


lU'LLKTIN    :W,    r.MTEI)    STATKH    NATIONAL    MO-KLM. 


HccoiMlarii's  with  iiiitorior  iniir^iii  irmrato  with  purplish  simU'm,  e]tw 
^ray ;  a  roiniiioii  <lark  cxtradiscal  liiir  cro.sse.s  Inith  wiu^^.s  aii«i  thu 
M'tninlarit's  liave  h  distim-t  discal  luiiule.  The  veHtitui*.*  of  Innly  lie- 
neatli  in  htii^,  thin,  piirplisli  red. 

Kxpaiuls  ;{.{-;57""" ;  l..'J(>-1.4">  iiicheM. 

IIaiu TAT. — Northern  an«l  Eastcin  States,  Lt'wis  County,  New  York, 
July  '2iK  British  Cohinihia,  ()re<;un. 

Kvith'iitly  referalih'  liere  l»y  the  jjeneral  haWitns,  yet  snllieiently  <li.s- 
tinet  troni  ail  exeept  the  toMowinj;  species  to  form  the  type  of  a  sub- 
);roiip  whi(;h  siiall  be  (bstin^uishtMl  by  the  sliorter  palpi  not  forming 
a  (listiiK^t  Iteak,  by  the  somewhat  more  amph<  se<;oiularies,  tlie  lonj{er 
abdomen,  and  the  form  of  the  i  jjenitaba.  Some  of  the  wt-stern  Hpec- 
imens  are  extremely  dinicult  to  separate  from  bninneicoHis,  difl'ereut 
as  the  type  forms  of  tiie  species  are. 


Rbyucbagrotis  bruiineicollis  <irt. 

1H<;I.  fJrt.,  Proc.  V.wX.  .SoL".  i'hil.,  ill,  WIX,  i>l.  .'.,  f.  .'.,  Soctua. 
l-t)'.>.  (irt.,  Trails.  Am.  Kiit.  .Soc,  ii.  WW,  A<jrotin. 

Primaries  reihbsh  j^ray,  slijjlily  irrorate  witli  l>Ia<*k,  an»i  iiore  exten- 
sively witli  ferruginous  scales;  transverse  lines  dark-brown.  diKtirict, 
but  interrupted;  ba.sal  line  distinct,  blackish,  straight;  t.  a.  line  black- 
ish, geminate,  nearly  straight,  forming  thn-e  even  curves;  t.  p.  line 
often  indistinct,  crenulate,  forming  black  «lots  on  the  vein.s,  as  a  whole 
the  line  with  a  rather  even  outward  curve;  s.  t.  line  narrow,  pale,  in- 
distinct, sinuous,  a  distinct  dark  costal  shade  at  its  inception  often 
continuing  as  a  narrow  margin  to  the  pale  line  ;  ordinary  spots  large, 
distinct,  concolorous  with  the  rest  of  the  wing,  well  tietined  by  ferru- 
ginous or  daiker  annuli ;  the  reniform  broad,  but  slightly  excavated 
externally;  terminal  space  often  somewhat  darker;  a  faint  nairrow 
ferruginous  median  shade;  fringes  long,  tlarker  than  the  re.st  of  the 
wing;  secondaries  broad,  very  pale  grayish  testaceous,  immaculate, 
very  slightly  darker  slia<led  along  external  margin;  beneath,  prima- 
lies  reddish  along  the  costa,  rest  of  the  wing  blackish  gray,  paler  along 
terminal  margin;  secondaries  as  above,  except  along  co.sta,  which  is 
powdered  with  reddish  gray  scales ;  a  common  dark  exterior  line  ;  head 
ferruginous  brown,  collar  deeper  dark  brown;  thorax  else  concolorous 
with  the  jirimaries. 

Expands  ao-W""';  1.40-1 .00  inches. 

IIaiutat. — New  York,  Massachusetts,  Maine,  Canada,  Northern, 
Kastern,  and  Middle  S^tates.    Albany  in  June. 

As  comi>ared  with  rufipcctuH  this  species  has  narrower,  longer  prima- 
ries more  ample  .secondaries,  and  longer  abdomen.  The  ditlerences  in 
color  are  ordinarialy  so  great  that  there  is  no  diiliculty  in  separating 
them.  In  some  western  specimens  however  I  have  been  seriou.sly  puz- 
zled to  say  which  species  was  before  me.    The  genital  structure  is  i  rac- 


»I. 


KKVISION    OF    Sr'KCIES    oF    TIIK    (SKNTS    A(i«<>TIS. 


19 


I  aii«l   the 
■  IhmIv  1m?- 


lew  York, 

ieiitly  iViA- 
of  a  sub- 
>t  fnnniiiK 
I  lie  ioii^or 
item  Ki>ec- 
r,  difl'ereiit 


lore  exteii- 
I.  (IiKtinc-t, 
line  black- 
t.  i>.  line 
IS  a  whole 
V,  pah",  ill- 
tioii  often 
>ot.s  lar;;e, 
by  feiTU- 
exravated 
t  narrow 
est  of  the 
maculate, 
th,  prima- 
iler  alonj; 
,  which  is 
ue ;  head 
)ncolorou8 


Northern, 

;er  prima- 
rences  in 
eparatin^ 
jusly  puz- 
re  is  I  rac- 


lically  i(I«>ntical,  wiiile  the  style  of  niaiiilation  is  also  the  same.     The 
tliilerence  in  si/e  an«I  in  trronntl  color  remains  as  the  most  prominent 
distinctive  feature,  and  these  are  not  always  constant.     I  have  referred 
these  western  sptntimeiis  to  nijiprctim. 
The  spevie8  is  not  common. 

Rbyncbagrotis  miiiimalis  (imto. 
lfffS».  Grt.,  No.  Am.,  Eiit.  i    4."i,   Aijroiii. 

lieatl,  thorax,  and  primaries  brick  red,  with  a  faint  yellowisli  tinge, 
terminal  space  somewhat  paler;  secondaries  and  body  smoky  gray, 
fuscous.  Palpi  laterally  dark.  Primaries  with  transverse  lines  single, 
dark,  followed  by  a  narrow  pale  sha«le,  T.  a.  line  even,  or  but  slightly 
wavy,  outwardly  obliipie  from  costa.  T.  p.  line  (!rennlat«',  outwardly 
curved  over  the  cell.  S.  t.  spact?  slightly  darker,  the  course  of  the  s.  t. 
line  being  marked  by  the  contrast  to  the  paler  terminal  space.  A  ter- 
minal row  of  dots,  fringes  concolorous,  orbicidar  small,  round,  pale, 
with  darker  center.  Ueiiiform  small,  dark,  a  diil'use  antl  somewhat  ob- 
scure median  shade,  evident  below  reniform. 

i:xpan«l8  ;?L*-;{S  "••";  1.3U  inches. 

llAnn    i". — Cciorado,  Maine. 

This  species,  of  which  I  have  Inul  no  male  fordisse<;tion,i8ordimirily 
very  easily  recognized.  There  are  however,  among  specimens,  sent  me 
by  Mrs.  Fernald,  some  forms,  which  wiiile  probably  rightly  referred 
here,  show  a  much  nearer  approach  tocM/»/f/rMhan  a  knowledge  of  Colo- 
ra«lo  specimens  alone  would  seem  to  indicate.  The  species  seems  not 
cuuimon. 

Rbyncbagrotis  cupida  firt. 

1804.  nit.,rroc.  Ent.  Sim-.  IMiil.,  m.-Vi'..  pi.  ">  f.  7,  Soctua. 

lrt)i>.  (Jrt.,  TraiiH.  Am.  Ent.  Soc.  ii,  ;{oy,  A<jrotin. 

11^7-1.  (Jrt.,  Can.  Ent.,  vi,  Hi,  Lnu-tiK. 

ISTH.  (Jrt..  <'aii.  Eut.,  x,  'S.W,  Jyroiis. 

If*??^.  Lintiifi',  Ent.  ('«nit.,  iv,  lvi4.  AijvoHh. 

IHriD.  llntler,  Trans.  Eut.  .Soc,  Eoml.,  IHHU,  :W!,  AmatheH. 

rclala  Wlk. 
lf^'>.  Wlk.,  C.  H.  Mns.,  Lop.  ili't  Snppl.,  :{,  710,   (Iraiiliiphora. 
l"!f*l>.  Kutlcr,  Trans.  Ent.  Soc,  Loinl.,  l^^'J,  '.\S'.i,  pr.  8yn. 

Var.  mtcxNKii'ENXis  (Jrt. 
1875.  Grt.,  Can.,  Ent.  vn,  1«7,  .l</io/i«. 
1878.  Grt.,  Can.  Ent.  x,  'SM,  an  var.  ]>r.  f 
1883.  Grt.,  Proc,  Am.  Phil.  Soc,  xxi,  l.'Vr.,  Aijrotiit. 

N'aries  in  color  of  thorax  and  primaries  from  drab  or  clay  yellow  to 
dark  red  brown,  more  or  less  powdery.  The  more  usual  form  is  a  brick 
or  didl  red,  abdomen  somewhat  more  grayish  ;  secondaries  fuscous  to 
blackish,  sides  of  palpi  al.so  black.  The  maculation  is  often  more  or  less 
indistinct,  but  when  fully  present  is  as  follows ;    All  tUo  lines  gem- 


I  If  I 


111 


20 


UKLLKTIN    ::«,     IINITKI)    STATES    NATIONAL    MUHKUM. 


iiiatc.  I'.iisal  liin',  hliUik,  curved  t.  a.  lino  outwardly  obliciue,  blackisli, 
wavi'tl,  iudutlcd  space  paU'i- ;  a  distiuct  black  hpot  on  <!o.sta  at  incep- 
tiou  of  the  outer  part  of  the  line;  t.  i>.  line  even,  dark  brown,  included 
space  paler,  a  distinct  black  i)atch  on  costa  at  inception  of  inner  line, 
outer  line  pnnctiforin;  the  liiie  makes  a  slijfht  outward  curve  over  dis- 
cal  cell.  H.  t.  line  initiated  by  a  larjje,  <llstinct  black  costal  patch,  then 
sinuate,  ratlier  is  a  daiker  shade  eniphasizetl  by  black  venular  points, 
followed  by  a  narrow  pale  shade  to  hind  niarjjin.  S.  t.  si>ace  sonic- 
times  as  a  whole  daiker  than  the  rest  of  the  win^.  Ordinary  s[»ot.s  dis- 
tinct, aninilate  with  a  paler  shade,  oibicular  very  slightly  oblique 
sometimes  concolorous,  more;  usually  darker ;  reniform  moderate,  with 
an  eveidy  blackish  center,  of  the  normal  shape.  Beneath,  primaries 
re<ldish  along  the  costa,  otherwise  blackish  gray,  with  a  more  or  less 
evident  outer  line ;  secondaries  i)aler  than  above,  powdered  with  red- 
dish along  <!osta,  irrorate  with  black  scales  ;  a  faint  outer  line  and  evi- 
dent discal  spot. 

Expands  ;?1-.'5T""" ;    l.'jn-l.ilO  inches. 

JIajutat. — Canada  to  Virginia,  west  to  Pennsylvania;  Texas. 

From  this  typical  form  the  variations  will  run  to  an  almost  com|>lete 
obsolesccn<!e  of  nnumlation,  and  again  to  a  darker  form,  the  niaculatioii 
black  and  strongly  relieved.  A  permanent  feature,  which  seems  the 
specific  character,  is  the  costal  spot  preceding  the  s.  t.  line,  and  which 
seems  to  survivti  all  sorts  of  modilications.  The  genital  structure  of  the 
nnile  is  peculiar,  as  I  have  alieady  stated,  and  as  shown  at  PI.  ii,  f.  3. 
Mr.  Clrote  has  had  some  of  the  variations  of  this  species,  and  he  says 
(Can.  Ent.  X,  L'.'M) :  ''  What  may  be  taken  as  the  typical  form,  or  that 
which  is  best  marked,  expands  33-35"""'  The  wings  are  of  a  brick 
brown,  with  the  stigmata  tilled  with  black;  a  black  m.irk  on  costa  at 
ince[)tion  of  s.  t.  line  ;  the  s.  t.  space  a  little  darker  than  the  rest  of  the 
wing;  tiie  lines  well  defined.  A  larger  form  from  Texas  expands  40"'"'' 
It  has  been  reared  from  the  larva  by  P)elfrage  (No.  074).  It  is  more  red, 
more  unicolorous,  the  markings  less  obtrusive.  A  specimen  taken  by 
Dr.  Bailey  is  thesi/eof  the  typical  form,  but  has  the  snbbasal  and  sub- 
terminal  spaces  entirely  lilled  in  with  black.  Then  come  three  speci- 
mens in  which  the  fore  wings  seem  a  little  narrower,  and  the  expanse 
snndler.  One  is  bright  orange  red,  all  the  markings  obsolete.  Another 
is  niore  of  the  typical  sha<le,  but  both  the  simts  are  ringed  with  bright 
yellow.  The  third  I  have  decided  as  distinct  under  the  name  o{  brun- 
neipcnmH.''^ 

Mr.  (Iroto  did  not  have  jiU  the  variations,  apparently,  and  was  in 
error  in  c«  iisi<lering  the  Texan  specimens  as  referable  here.  It  consti- 
tutes a  very  distinct  species,  nearer  to  altcrnata,  and  aa  such  I  have 
separated  it  in  the  collection  of  the  U.  S.  National  Museum,  which  con- 
tains several  of  the  Belfrage  sj.l'c!  nens.  It  may  be  called  bclfragei, 
and  the  above  comparative  features  will  easily  separate  it.  I  bQlieve 
it  the  only  one  of  this  group  in  Texas. 


REVISION    OP    SPECI/S    01'   THE    GENUS    AGUOTIS. 


21 


lacki.sli, 
t  incei>- 
n  eluded 
K'l-  Hue, 
»ver  dis- 
di,  tlUMl 
[•  points, 
le  Hoine- 
potsdis- 
obliqne 
ite,  with 
riniiiries 
a  or  less 
,'ith  red- 
und  evi- 


as. 

complete 
iciiliitiou 
eems  the 
lul  which 
ire  of  the 
1.  II,  f.  3. 
he  says 
,  or  that 
a  brick 
costa  at 
st  of  the 
ids  40"""' 
|iore  red, 
akcn  l\v 
md  sub- 
ie  8])eci- 
exi)a!ise 
iiother 
|h  bright 
of  brtin- 

was  in 
consti- 
I  have 
lich  con- 
\cy'ragei, 
believe 


The  type  of  brnnneipennis  is  an  extreme  form,  and  Mr.  CJrote's  de- 
scription may  therefore  be  reproduced: 

"Allied  a)  cupida  but  smaller;  fore-tibia'  unariued;  thorax  and  fore- 
wings  of  a  glossy  chestnut  brown,  somewhat  reddisj; ;  none  of  the  usual 
markings  are  noticeable.  The  sub-terminal  space  is  stained  with  black- 
ish. Following  the  s.  t.  line  is  a  series  of  faint,  paie,  intewspaceal  Ueek- 
ings;  ordinary  lines  indicated  on  costal  region.  Hind  wings  blackish 
fuscous;  abdomen  beneath  staine<l  "iih  reddish  brown,  as  is  the  costal 
region  of  primaries,  else  the  blackish  wings  beneath  show  only  a  com- 
mon black  transverse  line,  which  iades  out  toward  the  internal  mar- 
gins." 

liintner,  in  the  Ent.  Cont.,  IV,  124,  rather  dorbts  the  identity  of  the 
forms  referred  by  Mr.  (Iroto  to  this  species,  ;iiid  «les(!iibes  the  larval 
habits  of  the  species  without  describing  th-^  larva  itself.  According 
to  him  it  is  sometimes  quite  injurious  to  grape,  feeding  on  the  buds. 

The  species  is  the  most  comnu)n  eastern  representative  of  its  group. 

Mr.  Butler's  reference  of  Graphiphora  velnta  Wile,  as  a  synonym  of 
this  species,  is  accepted  as  an  easy  way  of  getting  rid  of  Walker's  name, 
and  because  the  reference  is  probably  correct. 

Rhynchagrotis  placida  (ii-t. 

187().  Grt,  Ann.  Lye.  S:\\.  Hist.  N.  Y.,  xi,  :!().'>,  .Iijrotis. 

1878.  Grt.,  Can.  Ent.  x,  -i'-i'i,  .lijrotix. 

1889.  Hntl./rnin.s.  E.it.  Soc,  Loml.,  im),  •M\=<ii]whi. 

"Fuscous  gray,  '.""oie  wings  smooth,  dark  fuscous.  Basal  and  sub- 
terminal  spaces  blackish  and  darkest;  nu'dian  s[»ace  a  little  lighter, 
slightly  brownish;  terminal  space  gray,  contrasting.  Lines  even,  per- 
pendicular, pale.  Tn.nsverse  anterior  line  with  a  slight  subcostal  notch, 
slightly  oblique;  median  npacewide;  stigmata  dillicult  to  make  out, 
l»ale  ringed,  concoloious;  median  shade  noticeable,  obscuring  the  reni- 
form.  Transverse  posterior  line  with  a  straight,  outward  costal  ex- 
tension beyond  the  point  of  origination,  thence  somewhat  s(]uarely 
exserted  opposite  the  cell,  and  running  neiirly  straight  downwards  with- 
out submediaii  sinus.  Subterminal  line  indicated  by  the  great  <liller- 
eii(!e  in  color  between  the  two  terminal  spaces;  fringes  d.irk.  ITind 
wings  concolorous,  rather  <lark  lus(!ons,  with  paler,  interlined  fringes. 
Ueneath,  fuscous,  with  a  slight  pnrply  shade,  irrorate,  with  an  external 
common  band  incomplete;  a  slight  discal  mark  on  hind  wings.  Termi- 
nal abdominal  hairs  somewhat  oclieious." 

The  above  description  is  from  Mr.  (^rote,  to  show  the  type  form  of  the 
species,  it  was  from  a  specimen  taken  by  ]Mr.  Hill  in  Lewis  C'ounty, 
New  York,  Jidy  2(5. 

In  Can.  Eiit.,  x,  235,  Mr.  (Irote,  commenting  on  four  specimens  from 
Nevada,  says:  "One  has  the  fore  wings  shaded  with  brown,  median 
and  terminal  space  both  paler,  markings  (|nite  disliiu;!.  Another  is 
almost  unicolorous  blackish,  with  the  shadings  and  markings  powdery. 


|Kt:< 


22 


BULLETIN    :W,    UNITED    STATES    NATIONAL    MUSEUM. 


A{;aiii  aiioMier  lias  a  reddish  cast,  reminding  one  of  cupida,  but  with  pale 
terminal  space." 

In  my  own  experience  the  ground  color  varies  from  dark  clay  yellow 
to  a  purplish  gray  in  one  direction,  and  deep  red  brown,  sprinkletl  with 
bluish  gray,  in  another.  The  arrangement  of  the  lines  and  spots  is 
essentially  as  in  cupida,  but  the  maculation  is  not  so  evident,  there  is 
no  uliick  costal  patch  initiating  the  s.  t.  line,  which  is  also  more  even 
and  the  terminal  space  is  always  pak^r,  often  contrasting  bluish  gray 
to  a  <lark  red  ground  color.  The  palpi  are  somewhat  shorter,  the  pri- 
maries proportionately  a  little  shorter  and  wider,  while  the  size  is  gener- 
ally decidedly  smaller.  The  genitalia  are  also  ditterent  from  those  of 
capida  as  shown  on  PI.  li,  f.  t. 

Expands  25-35"".";  1-1.40  inches. 

Habitat. — New  York,  Nevada,  Colorado,  Utah,  Arizona. 

Nothing  has  been  written  of  the  larva  so  far  as  i  know.  The  spe<tie8 
is  much  more  common  in  the  Western  States,  and  is  rather  more  nearly 
allied  to  forms  at  home  there  than  to  cupUhi  or  altcrnata. 

Mr.  Butler  would  see  in  this  species  a  9  form  of  cupida  merely. 


Rhynchagrotis  variata  (irote. 

l^fi.  Grt.,  Bull.  Biiir.  Soc.  N.  Sci.,  in,  83,  j)l.  I,  f.  I'i,  .tgrotin. 

18K{.  Grt.,  Tr.  Am.  I'liil.  Soc,  XXI.  l.Vi,  .Uji-otin. 

lKtfl>.  Butl..  Trails.  Eiit.  Soc.  Loiul.,  liiS'J,  M'i^phijUoiihora. 

rariV  Grt. 
187r..  (Jrt..  Bull.  Bull'.  Soc.  N.  Sci.,  in,  83,  Aijroth. 
18H"i.  (Jrt.,  New  List,  an  var.,  pr.  ? 
ISS'X  Biitl.,  Trans.  Ent.  Soc.  Loiulon,  1H8!),  WA-i^pliijUophora, 

"Terminal  space  pale;  this  species  tlitfers  by  the  more  irregular, 
pale,  powdery  s.  t.  line,  relieved  from  ihe  pale  terminal  shading  by 
the  ground  color  of  the  wing  obtaining  beyond  it.  The  dark  fore  wings 
are  stained  with  ocherous.  The  geminate  lines  witii  j>ale  included 
shades  are  well  defined  and  inaugurate'  with  black  costal  dots.  Stig- 
mata concolorous,  ill  defined;  orbicular  round,  moderately  large  ;  rehi- 
form  upiight,  narrow;  both  defined  by  narrow,  pale  yellowish  annuli, 
a  diHu.se  pale  powdering  over  the  place  of  the  daviform.  Collar,  head 
and  palpal  tips  grayish;  palpi  black  at  the  sides;  thorax  like  fore 
wings.  Hind  wings  dark  fuscous  with  interlined  fringes,  beneath  with 
common  line  sfraightly  marked  with  blsick  on  costa  of  primaries." 

The  above  is  Mr.  Grote's  original  characterization.  In  my  experience 
it  varies  from  pale  to  deep  red  brown,  occasionally  more  yellowish. 
The  median  lines  usually  consist  only  of  the  included  i)ale  shade  and 
are  often  very  diffuse,  powdery.  The  form  named  rarix  by  Mr.  Grote 
lie  characterized  as  follows : 

"Like  the  i>receding  with  pale  terminal  space.  Of  a  i)ale  drab  or 
gray  olive  fuscous.  Markings  much  like  the  preceding  \i'ariiita],  from 
vrhich  it  seems  to  differ  in  color,  in  the  greater  width  of  the  geminate 


REVISION    OF   SPECIKS    OK    THE   GENUS    AGUOTIS. 


23 


lines,  iin<l  particularly  in  that  beneatl:,  the  (Mumnon  line  is  outwardly 
obliquely  inarkt'd  with  the  bhutk  on  the  eosta  of  j)riuiaries.  Cleiicraliy 
paler  and  less  distinctly  marked  than  inj>mY«." 

None  of  the  characters  are  at  all  constant,  and  then*  is  n«)  point  at 
wliich  even  the  varietal  line  can  be  satisfactorily  drawn. 

Expand  ,{3-40""";  1.32-1.00  inches. 

Habitat. — Colorado,  Nevada,  California,  Arizona,  Vancouver, 

As  already  indicated  the  genital  structure  of  this  si)ecies  agrees  with 
that  of  placida,  and  to  that  species  the  present  is  more  nearly  allied. 
It  is,  however,  larger,  and  wider  winged,  and  the  powdery  transverse 
markings  are  somewhat  <listinctive  in  course  as  well  as  ai>pearance.  In 
aCalifornian  si)ecimen  examined,  thes.  t,  line  was  distinct,  ]>ale,  sinuous, 
and  only  the  outer  portion  of  the   erminal  space  was  paie. 

Rhynchagrotis  alternata  (iit. 

18fi4.  Grt.,  Proo.  Eiit.  Soc,  Phil.,  Iir,  .^-iC),  pi.  .'".,  I".  H,  Xortiia. 

1871.  Grt.,  Can.  Eiit.,  vi,  l.'i,  CVrn.s/is. 

1^74.  Grt.,  C'iiii.  Ent.,  vi,  214  .if/rolis. 

1S7H.  Grf.,  Can.  Ent.,  X,  '2M>,  .Itjrotiii, 

188').  ISntl.,  Trans.  Ent.  Soc,  Lond.,  1881),  •.^H2-.phiillophora. 

Pale  to  dark  clay  yellow;  primaiies  irrorate  with  black;  all  the 
markings  distinct;  s.  t.  space  darker,  terminal  spaiic  paler  than  gi'ound 
color.  Maculation  essentially  as  in  ciipida.  IJasal  line  geminate,  i))'own- 
ish.  T.  a.  line  oblique,  geminate,  with  a  simple  subcostal  <lentati()n, 
thence  undulate  to  internal  margin.  T.  )>.  line  geminate  interrupted, 
nearly  straight,  but  little  arcuated  at  the  disc;  beyond,  and  ('lo.se  t(»  the 
line  is  a  row  of  dark  venular  dots,  giving  the  ai>pearan(!e  of  a  third  line. 
S,  t.  line  Muirked  by  the  contrast  between  the  dark  s.  t.  and  paler  ter- 
minal space,  the  s.  t.  shading  in  pale  specimens  looking  very  much  like 
a  dark  fascia.  A  series  of  blackish  terminal  dots.  Ordinary  sjxjtsnar- 
rowlyannulate  with  pale,  darker  than  ground  color,  therenilorm  slightly 
shaded  witli  ferruginous.  Secoiularies  fuscous  to  blackish,  fringes  con- 
trasting, pale  reddish  yellow.  Hcneath  the  margins  of  both  wings  are 
reddish  yellow,  the  disc  of  primaries  blackish,  of  secondaries  paler, 
luteous.  A  common,  blackish  «>xtra-discal  line.  I'aljii  pale  ferniglnoiis, 
not  black  at  sides,  and  thus  this  species  is  easily  separable  from  all  the 
precediu!.'  forms. 

Expands  ;jr)-3S""»;  1.40-1  ..IjO  inches. 

IlAiuTAT.— Middle  and  Northern  Atlantic  States,  I)istri(!t  of  Co- 
lumbia. 

This  is  one  of  the  most  constant  species  of  this  group,  both  in  size 
and  maculation.  I  have  seen  many  pale  specimens  of  cupida  labeled 
attcriKtta,  and  Mr.  (rrote  himself  is  not  guiltless  of  such  ernu's.  I  have 
uever  seen  the  si>ecies  from  the  l*ai;ilic  States,  though  Mr.  Grot«'  givea 
this  as  a  Californian  S|)ecies  in  Can.  Ent.,  Vi,  2ir»,  but  I  believe  he  had 
n  well  nuuked  specimen  of  t'«/>/f/m/m«  belbre  him  rather  thaiu»//t'/Hrt/a, 


Mia 


24 


BULLETIN    38,    UNITED   STATES    NATIONAL   MUSEUM. 


ami  the  same  is  probably  true  of  the  Nevada  8i)ecimen  referred  to  in 
Can.  Eiit.,  X,  235.  In  fact,  the  whole  paragniph  in  reference  to  this 
Nevada  specimen  points  to  cupidissima  almost  withont  doubt.  The 
sexual  character  of  the  male  i)oint  to  cupida  rather  than  the  other 
species,  and  the  color  of  the  palpi  seems  to  form  a  safe  character  for 
superficial  classification  or  determination.  I  have  never  seen  this 
species  shading  into  red,  all  the  red  specimens  proving  cupida. 


Rhyuchagrotis  cupidisi^ima  Grt. 

1875.  Grt.,  Can.  Eiit.,  vii,  101,  Jgrotis. 

1H78.  Grt.,  C.1I1.  Ent.,  x.  '>:U,  .igrotis. 

1878.  Grt,  Bull.  Snrv,,  iv,  17:$,  Aarotis. 

1883.  Grt.,  Proc.  Am.  Phil.  Soc,  x.\i.,  l.">,  Jgrotis. 

orbiii  Grt. 
1870.  Grt.',  i3till.  Buff.  Soc.  N.  .Sci.,  iii,  HH,  .l<jrotw. 
1878.  Grt.,  Bull.  Surv.,  174,  .liirolh. 
188;5.  Proc.  Am.  Phil.  Soc,  XXI,  15.'),  an  ayn.  pr.? 

latula  Grt. 
187G.  Grt.,  Bull.  Buff.  Soc.  N.  Sci.,  in,  83,  Agrotia. 
1878    Grt.,  Can.  Ent,  x,  '234.  i>r,  8yn. 
1878.  Grt.,  Bull.  Snrv.  iv,  173,  au'sp,  dist. 

"The  Californian  specimens  are  light  red  colored,  with  powdery 
geminate  lines,  and  variable  in  appearance  ;  one  is  pale  fawn,  nnicol- 
orous,  withont  marks  on  primaries  save  indications  of  the  stigmata  and 
the  dottetl  t.  p.  line.  Again,  three  specimens  have  the  orbicular  some- 
what V-shaped,  open  above.  The  t.  j).  line  is  more  regular  than  in 
cupida;  it  is  accompanied  by  black  dots.  Tiie  subterminal  line  is 
nearer  to  the  margin  than  in  either  alfernata  or  cupida,  but  it  is  more 
like  alternata  than  it  is  cupida  in  its  being  irregular,  accompanied  with 
powdery  black  scales;  it  is  preceded  on  costa  by  a  bhujkish  shade,  as 
in  cupida.  The  present  species  1  formerly  considered  as  alternata  from 
the  markings,  and  on  Mr.  Morrison's  authority  as  cupidah'om  the  color, 
but  the  reniform  I  now  see  is  more  kidney-shaped  than  in  either  the 
eastern  alternata  or  cupida.  I  .sent  a  specimen  to  IMr.  Morrison  to  show 
the  variability  of  wluit  I  supi)osed  was  his  exsertintiffma,  .and  he  in- 
formed me  that  tlie  speciuuMi  was  cupida.  Afterward  he  returned  me 
my  specimen  of  cvsertistidma,  *  •  *  which  I  then  saw  was  an  en- 
tirely dillerent  species.  I  have  subsetjuently  adopted  the  view  that 
the  Californian  specimens  were  cupida,  and  that  I  was  in  error  in  con- 
sidering them  to  be  alternata.  I  now  reject  both  dl^terminations,  and 
consider  that  the  Californian  species  is  allie«l  to  both  alternata  and 
cupida,  and  is  a  new  .spe(Mes  from  the  data  given  above.  Tlie  habitus 
of  cupidifiiiima  and  size  (.31)""")  is  rather  that  o(  alternata.  Tlie  hind 
wings  i\re  a  little  i)ak'r  at  base  in  cupidissima,  and  the  luuule  more  ob- 
vious.    A.  cupida  does  not  as  yet  aiipear  to  occur  in  California." 


REVISION    OF    SPECIES    OF    THE    GENUS    AGHOTIS. 


25 


The  above  is  Mr.  Grote's  original  description;  afterward,  in  Can. 
Ent.,  X,  235,  he  refers  to  the  species  as  of  a  "  pale  reddisli  chiy  cok>r," 
and  in  the  Bull.  Surv.,  iv,  173,  says:  "Nearest  to  enpida;  similarly 
sized,  but  paler,  with  the  orbicular  incomplete  superiorly.  Varies  by 
the  primaries  becoming  clay  colored  without  markings.  Collar  un- 
lined.'^ 

Mr.  Grote  has  confounded  two  distinct  species  in  his  characteriza- 
tions— one  with  opci;  orbicular,  and  one  with  the  orbicular  closed.  A 
long  series  of  specimens  in  Mr.  Neumoegen's  collection  are  all  of  one 
species  aud  are  regarded  as  typical,  the  more  as  Mr.  Grote's  references 
of  orbiH  and  laetula  to  this  species  is  most  consistent  with  this  type. 

The  species  is  common  in  the  Western  States,  and  I  have  seen  long 
suites,  in  none  of  which  the  orbicular  showed  any  tendency  to  become 
incomplete.  They  vary  in  color  from  very  pale  l^teous  to  a  very  dis- 
tinct red  brown,  the  terminal  space  usually  a  little  paler,  but  the  color 
very  even  as  a  whole.  Sides  of  pali)i  black.  Transverse  lines  and 
ordinary  spots  much  as  in  altcrnata,  but  generally  indistinct  and  ditH- 
euit  to  make  out.  Ordinary  spots  usually  slightly  and  often  consider- 
ably darker  and  narrowly  annulate  with  a  paler  sha«le.  Secondaries 
and  under  side  as  in  alternata.  In  size  it  ranges  below  the  exi>anse  given 
by  Mr.  Grote  (39"""),  my  largest  specimen  being  3.")"'"',  ranging  <lown 
to  30"'"'  (1.20-1.40  inches).  The  wing  form  is  generally  more  trigonate 
than  in  the  other  species,  the  primaries  short  and  broad.  The  genital 
structure  is  \\]m  jAacida. 

Orbis  was  described  by  Mr.  Grote  as  follows: 

"Entirely  concolorous  drab  or  pale  olive  fuscous,  shining ;  s.  t.  space 
barely  dilferentiated  by  its  darker  tint.  All  the  lines  faint,  geminate, 
as  in  allied  species.  Distinguished  by  its  reduced,  round,  comjilete 
orbicular,  and  small,  upright  reniform  spots,  annulated  with  pale;  the 
orbicular  distinctly  nnirgined.  Head  and  thorax  concolorous.  Hind 
wings  concolorous  fuscous  with  interlined  fringes;  beneath  with  dis- 
continued common  line." 

In  Bull.  Surv.,  IV,  174,  Mr.  'Jrote  ^ays:  "Closely  allied  to  aJternnta. 
Stigmata  complete;  orbicu.  t  •  ery  .small,  pale-ringed,  spherical.  Uni- 
colorous  olivaceous  gray,  shining;  terminal  si>ace  hardly  paler.  Pos- 
sibly a  variety  of  alternatH  but  the  spots  are  concsolorous." 

In  the  Proc.  Am.  Phil.  Soc,  xxr,  ITm,  the  suggestion  that  this  may  be 
a  form  of  cupidissima  is  made,  and  I  believe  this  is  correct.  At  all 
events  it  is  easy  in  any  series  of  cnpidissima  to  pick  out  orbis  or  what 
fully  answers  to  the  description. 

lAvtida  is  said  to  be  "  Allied  to  cupidissima.  This  species  is  smaller, 
and  has  a  line  on  the  collar,  and  the  thorax  and  fore  wings  of  a  burnt 
brown,  strewn  with  ocher  scales,  which  till  the  stigmata  in  one  speci- 
men, and  in  the  other  leave  the  spots  concolorous,  while  encjirding  them 
and  tilling  the  geminate  lines.  Except  in  color,  this  form  dilfers  very 
little  from  cupidinniina,  while  seeming  narrower  and  shorter  winged. 


i 

'  M 
t  »j 

II  •• 

nil" 


36 


BULLETIN  38,  UNITED  STATES  NATIONAL  MUSEUM. 


All  the  stigmata  shown.  Hind  wings  and  under  surface  as  iu  cupidia- 
sima,  which  is  a  light  red  species." 

In  Dan.  Ent.,  x,  234,  the  referen  e  to  cupidissima  is  more  positively 
made,  but  in  Bull.  Surv.  iv,  173,  the  following  are  indicated  as  dis- 
tinctive: 

♦'Darker  than  the  preceding  [cupidisHima],  purple  brown,  with 
powdery  ochrey  markings;  claviform  indicated,  collar  unlined,  a  little 
smaller  thaii  cupidissima.'''' 

The  oidy  specimen  of  Uvtula  which  I  have  seen  labeled  by  Mr.  Grote 
did  not  agree  with  this  description  at  all  and  was  the  same  as  the  obser- 
vahilis  of  Mr.  Graef's  collection,  belonging  to  the  exscrtistigma  group 
rather  than  here.  Mr.  Grote  speaks  of  all  these  forms  from  California 
oidy.  I  have  them  from  California,  Colorado,  Arizona,  Kansas,  and 
British  Columbia. 

Rhynchagrotis  bimarginalis  Grt. 

1683.  Grt.,  Ann.  &  Mag.,  N.  II.  (Lond.),  1883,  .'•)3,  .taroUs. 
1883.  Trims.  Kans.  Ac.  Sci.,  vm  (1881-'82),  54,  Jgrotis. 

Head,  thorax,  and  anal  tuftings  orange  brown  to  ferruginous;  collar 
grayish;  primaries  deep  brown,  with  blackish  shading;  costa  contrast- 
ing, leather  brown  or  reddish  yellow ;  s.  t.  space  black  on  costa,  else 
powdered  with  ferruginous;  terminal  space  gray;  basal  space  and 
space  between  the  sinuate  t.  a.  lines  powdered  with  ferruginous;  t.  p. 
line  even,  slightly  crenulate ;  a  row  of  venular  dots  through  the  s.  t. 
space;  ordinary  s|>ots  obscured  by  the  blackish  shading;  secondaries 
blackish  gray,  as  is  also  the  abdomen,  save  anal  tuftings;  beneatii 
dusky,  with  common  outer  shade  line  and  discal  spots. 

Expands  35-3G""";  1.40-1.44  inches. 

Habitat. — New  Mexico. 

This  species  is  so  decidedly  and  remarkably  marked  that  no  mistake 
in  its  recognition  seems  possible.  It  is  evidently  referable  to  this  group, 
but  seems  to  introduce  a  strong  tendency  to  the  style  of  maculation 
more  general  in  the  following  crscrti  stiff  ma  group.  I  have  seen  only  a 
few  specimens,  and  have  not  been  able  to  study  the  male. 


Rhynchagrotis  vittifrons  Grt. 

1864.  Grt.,  Troe.  Ent.  Soc,  Pliil.,  in,  527,  pi.  5,  f.  8,  Noctiia. 
1HP8.  Grt.,  Trans.  Am.  Ent.  Soc,  ii,  30<>,  Ayrolk. 

Head,  thoni.x,  except  collar,  and  primaries  smoky  blackish ;  collar 
and  costa  to  t.  p.  line  creamy  white ;  t.  a.  line  pale,  somewhat  indistinct, 
thrice  outwardly  curved,  oblique;  t.  p.  line  geminate,  pale,  included 
space  concolorous ;  outer  line  punctiform,  the  line  even  and  very  slightly 
e.xcurved  over  the  cell;  s.  t.  line  Innulate,  continued,  pale,  broadly 


REVISION   OF   SPECIES  OF   THE   GENUS   AGKOTIS, 


27 


>wn,   with 


marked  on  costa;  a  pale  streak  on  subniedian  vein  through  the  cell; 
orbicular  very  small,  punctiform ;  renitorra  moderate,  pale,  powdered 
with  rusty  red;  secondaries  white,  the  veins  with  dusky  scales;  be- 
neath whitish,  i)rimaries,  with  a  dusky  s.  t.  slnule,  broadest  at  costa; 
secondaries  sprinkled  with  brownish  along  costa. 

Expands  33"""  ;  1.32  inches. 

IIAHITAT.— Colorado. 

Of  this  i)eculiar  species  I  have  seen  but  a  very  few  specimens,  all  very 
much  alike.  The  male  genitalia  are  as  in  placiiia,  and  thus  confirm  the 
leference  of  the  species  to  this  group.  The  gravid  females  have  the 
abdomen  conic,  and  at  first  sight  do  not  suggest  cupida,  but  a  little  caro 
will  show  the  evident  resemblances  even  in  that  sex.  There  need  never 
be  any  doubt  in  the  identification  of  this  species. 


Rhynchagrotis  inelegaus  Smith. 


1890.  Smith,  Trans.  Am.  Ent.  Soc,  xvii,  43,  Agrotis. 

General  color  dull  blackish  brown;  head  and  palpi  coucolorous;  col- 
lar with  a  reddish  suffusion,  more  marke<l  at  the  tip  and  extending  to 
base  of  costa  of  primaries ;  thorax  with  base  of  patagia',  and  the  tips 
of  the  small  anterior  and  posterior  tufts  also  more  reddi.sh  and  slightly 
contrasting;  primaries  with  a  slight  reddish  shading  basally  along 
co.sta,  else  quite  uniform,  save  that  the  median  space  is  a  trifle  darker 
than  the  rest  of  the  wing;  basal  line  geminate,  black,  distinct;  t.  a.  line 
geminate,  blackish,  distinct,  outwardly  oblique  and  quite  even,  a  small 
outward  curve  only  in  the  interspaces;  t.  p.  line  marked  by  a  geminate 
black  spot  on  the  costa,  thence  indicated  only  by  the  slight  contrast 
between  median  and  subterminal  space,  outwardly  well  curved  over 
the  reuiform,  and  somewhat  incurved  below ;  s.  t.  lijie  prominent,  a  nar- 
row, slightly  irregular  line  of  yellowish  white  scales,  scarcely  inter- 
rupted save  toward  costa  and  inner  margin;  claviform  faintly  marked; 
ordinary  spots  moderiite  in  size,  normal  in  form,  coucolorous,  outlined 
l)y  a  narrow  line  of  pale  scales  surrounding  each ;  secondaries  and  ab- 
domen smoky  fuscous;  beneath  fuscous  powdery,  with  a  reddish  shad- 
ing, more  marked  on  secondaries;  an  outer  interrupted  transverse  line 
and  a  discal  spot  on  secondaries  oi^ly. 

Expands  31""";  1.25  inches. 

Habitat. — Sierra  Nevada,  California. 

In  structural  characters  this  species  is  nearest  to  mirahilin.  The  palj)! 
are  short,  scarcely  forming  a  snout,  .as  in  ctipUht ;  thorax  with  small 
anterior  and  posterior  divided  crest;  abdomen  depressed.  It  is  an  in- 
termediate form  between  the  cupida,  crscrtisUgma,  and  stcllaris  groups, 
with  the  wing  form  of  the  former,  the  tufting  of  the  second,  and  the 
maculation  of  the  third.  Its  best  place  is  probably  next  to  viirabihs. 
A  single  female,  in  good  condition,  is  before  me. 


> 


I. Its 

iiii.i 
iifi-.i 


28 


BULLETIN   38,    UNITED   STATES    NATIONAL   MUSEUM. 


Rhyuchagrotis  mirabilia.  Git. 
187'J.  Grt.,  N.  Am.,  Ent.  i,  3l»  Jijroiis. 

Smoky  to  deep  black  ;  thoracic  disc  discolorous  reddish  or  pale  gray, 
renifonii  contrasting  creamy  white.  T.  a.  line  much  as  in  cupula,  and 
tolerably  well  marked.  T.  p.  line  indicated  by  a  sparse  powdering  of 
pale  scales.  S.  t.  line  defined  by  pale  scales ;  terminal  space  slightly 
powdered  with  gray.  A  dis^'nct  narrow  deep  black  line  from  base  to 
t.  a.  line.  All  from  t.  a.  line  to  reiiiform  black,  the  orbicular  absorbed 
or  Jippearing  as  a  mere  pale  point. 

Expands  3G""";  1.45  inches. 

Habitat. — Colorado  and  Arizona. 

An  odd  species  of  which  I  have  not  seen  n  S  .  It  differs  from  all  the 
other  species  save  inelegans,  by  having  distinct  anterior  and  posterior 
thoracic  tufts  which  are  rendered  prominent  by  their  contracting  color. 
Yet  the  species  so  evidently  belongs  here  by  the  general  shape,  that  I 
felt  no  hcsitiitiou  in  leaving  it  as  an  aberrant  member,  leading  to  the 
stellaris  type. 

The  c  genitalia  I  doubt  not  will  be  found  to  conform  in  all  essential 
respects  to  the  placida  type. 

Group  EXSERTISTIGMA. 

Front  narrow,  subequal,  scarcely  wider  superiorly,  smooth.  Antennai 
simple,  ciliate  in  the  S  .  Second  joint  of  palpi  so  clothed  as  to  form  a 
club  at  tip.  Thorax  subquadrate  vestiture  smooth  ;  a  distinct  anterior 
and  posterior  divided  tuft,  collar  often  slightly  produced  at  middle.  The 
geifital  pieces  of  S ,  while  referable  to  the  same  structural  type,  yet 
show  considerable  variation.  The  distinguishing  feature  is  a  broad 
slightly  excavate  corneous  harpe,  more  or  less  prolonged  into  a  finger- 
like projection  superiorly ;  nmrgin  sinuate  to  inferior  angle  which  is 
more  or  less  distinctly  and  acutely  indicated.  From  this  main  shank 
there  arises  some  distance  from  the  end,  a  cliitinous  base,  superiorly 
prolonged  into  a  curved  process  of  varying  size  and  shape.  Keference 
to  the  figures  on  Plate  ii  will  better  explain  the  structures.  Each  ex- 
an)ined  species  has  some  little  peculiarity  of  its  own,  and  no  two  are 
exactly  alike. 

The  primaries  are  variable  in  length  and  shape,  and  run  from  tl»e  form 
typical  in  the  cupida  group,  to  that  found  in  the  stellaris  section.  In 
ornamentation  they  all  agree  in  the  trigonate  orbicular  which  is  open 
superiorly;  usually  also  the  costa  is  more  or  less  distinctly  pallid,  and 
as  a  rule  the  cell  between  the  ordinary  spots  is  black,  or  at  least  darker. 

Closely  allied  therefore  in  habitus  and  esential  structural  characters 
to  the  ciipida  group,  yet  the  ornamentation  alone,  combined,  to  except 
mirabilia,  with  the  thoracic  tufting,  will  serve  to  distinguish  it. 

The  chief  difficulty  in  dealing  with  this  group  has  not  been  in  the 
separation  of  the  species  from  the  material  at  hand,  for  that  was  easy, 
but  in  the  identification  of  the  species  described  by  Mr.  Grote.     Some 


KKVISION    OF    SPi:CIi:S    OF    THK    GKNUS    A(JROTIS 


29 


of  the  (lesijriptioiis  most  obviously  coiifomid  two  or  more  species,  and 
ii^^iiiii  there  is  very  little  doubt  but  that  every  one  of  the  species  has 
beeu  described  more  than  once.  Still  with  the  descriptions  alone,  I 
would  have  made  out  fairly  well,  but  I  was  ajjain  thoroujjhly  upset  by 
the  remarkable  identifications  made  by  Mr.  Grote,and  the  unreliability 
of  the  word  "  type  "on  some  of  the  labels,  insects  beariuj;"  them  not 
a;;reeing  at  all  with  the  description. 

I  found  the  cxHei'tistuima  of  Mr.  Teppor's  collection  to  equal  the  oh- 
.scri'a7>t7<.sof  the  Neumoegen  collection,  while  the  exHcrtlHt'Kjma  of  the 
Ncumoegen  collection  was  dilVerent  from  that  of  theTepper  collection, 
and  neither  of  them  was  like  the  type  in  Mr.  (Inel's  collection.  The 
r//,srojV/rt/(,s' of  Mr.  Ilulst's  collection  is  tha  ohscrvahilis  of  the  Gru'f  col- 
lection, but  not  of  the  NeuinoeKen  collection,  and  the  type  in  Mr.  E«l- 
wards's  coUiM'tion  is  entirely  ditterent  from  any  I  have  seen  so  named. 
So  also  the  facula  of  the  Neumoegen  collection  is  dilferent  from  the 
same  species  in  the  Edwards  collection.  . 

Some  of  the  absolute  types  were  inaccessible  to  me,  atul  under  the 
circumstances  I  have  named  all  the  species  that  I  could  not  positively 
identify,  and  have  given  all  of  Mr.  Grote's  original  descriptions  for 
coutparison.  i  fully  expect  that  all  the  names  here  given  by  me  will 
fall  into  the  synonymy,  but  they  will  at  least  have  served  their  purpose 
of  positively  separating  the  forms,  an«l  at  some  future  time  when  com- 
parisons can  be  made  in  jNIr.  Grote's  collection  in  the  Hritish  Museum 
tlie  rectification  of  the  synonymy  can  be  easily  noted  here. 

The  species  of  the  group  divide  readily  into  two  sections,  according 
as  the  collar  is  or  is  not  black  tipped. 

In  the  series  with  the  collar  black  tii)ped,  exscrtistigina  is  distin- 
guished by  the  pale  luteous  gray  color,  the  elongate  primaries,  and  the 
depressed  form. 

Formaiiii  is  smaller,  much  more  robust,  shorter  winged,  and  dark  red 
brown  or  purfdish  in  color.  To  this  I  refer  insularis  positively  from 
the  type  and  the  description.  Emarginata  is  almost  (jertainly  a  form  of 
this  species  without  the  gray  shaded  costa.  I  did  not  find  the  species 
in  Mr.  Edwards's  collection,  from  which  it  was  described. 

CnrtNsima  Uarv.  was  referred  by  its  describer  as  allied  to  fonnalis, 
and  the  descrii)tiou  is  comparative  and  entirely  inaufiicient  to  identify 
the  species.  Mr.  Grote  broke  up  Dr.  Harvey's  association  of  the  spe- 
cies, and  placed  it  with  intrita  and  rava,  so  that  the  description  be- 
comes worse  than  useless. 

/iinominaUs  is  bright  red,  the  collar  is  slightly  produced  at  middle, 
the  tufts  are  very  distinct,  and  the  apices  of  primaries  are  more  evident 
tiian  in  either  of  the  preceding  forms. 

Ohservahilis  is  a  species  that  I  have  not  been  able  to  identify.  Mr. 
Grote's  identifications  in  no  case  agree  with  his  description  of  this  spe- 
cies, and  I  have  seen  no  specimens  to  agree  with  it.  The  color  is  dark 
blackish  brown,  the  reniform  dusky,  and  the  terminal  space  pale,  oliva- 


1 1(1 


80 


BULLETIN   3«,    UNITKI)    STATKS    NATIONAL    MUSEUM. 


ceous ;  stronj^ly  distinctive  foiitnros.  Tiie  rcmaiiKU'r  of  tin*  species  have 
the  colhir  concolorous  aiul  not  bhick  tipped. 

Facula  represents /or»jrt//«  of  the  first  fjroup  in  winy  form  and  fjeneral 
habitus. 

Distracta  represents  exserttHtigma  of  the  i>revious  section  in  color  ami 
sordid,  depressed  appearance.  It  is  powdery,  but  tlie  powdering  is 
evenly  distributed,  the  s.  t.  space  not  contrasting. 

Discoidalis  is  much  like  the  preceding  in  color  and  habitus,  but  is 
less  depressed,  scarcely  jiowdery,  the  s.  t.  space  distinctly  darker  than 
the  rest  of  the  wing,  and  the  orbicular  nearly  complete. 

Greniilata  and  confma  agree  in  distinct  tufting,  somewhat  i)roniinent 
collar  and  i)roduced  ai)ices  of  primaries,  differing  from  each  other  by 
the  dark  color  and  coiicolorous  costa  of  the  former,  and  the  bright  red 
color  and  pallid  costa  of  the  latter. 

Costata  was  referred  to  this  series  by  Mr.  Giote,  comparing  it  with 
cxsertistiyma  (coh/msw),  and  it  may  refer  to  my  species.  Ue  says,  how- 
ever, that  the  t.  p.  line  is  single,  finely  luiuilaia,  and  that  the  collar  has 
a  black  line — features  which  seem  to  indicate  rather  the  texHelata  group 
where  there  are  a  number  of  species  with  the  same  general  type  of 
maculatiou. 

In  tabular  form  the  species  autoptically  known  to  me  are  as  follows : 

SYNOPSIS  OF  SPECIES. 

Collar  broadly  black  at  tip. 
Smoky  brown  ;  costa,  traiisverao  liiiCH  and  outer  margin  luteons..  .kxsektistigma. 
Darlv  piiri>lisli  or  j^ray  brown  ;  transverse  lines  distinct;  roltnst;  primarifvs  sliort, 

rounded  outwardly foI!MALIS. 

Ked  brown ;  transverse  lines  feebly  marked  ;  t.  p.  luirdly  traceable;  less  robust; 

l)rimaries  more  elouffate,  and  produced  at  apex uixoMiN ALis. 

Collar  not  tipped  with  black. 

Robust;  abdomen  short,  plump;  primaries  short,  outwardly  rounded  ;  dark  black. 

ish  brown,  lines  faint faci'la. 

Less  robust ;  primaries  lonjjer  ;  abdomen  more  slender. 
T.  a.  lines  crossiiij^  the  costal  space,  wliich  is  not  strongly  contrasting  in  color. 
Dull  luteous,  powdered  with  black;  s.  t.  space  not  darker  than  uu-dian  pace, 

DISTKACTA. 

S.  t,  space  darkest,  orbicular  tending  to  become  complete  superiorly, 

DISCOIDALIS. 

Deep  piir)>lish  brown  ;  s.  t.  space  evidently  paler  than  median  space, 

CKEXULATA. 

T.  a.  lines  not  crossing  the  broadly  itallid  costa. 

Bright  red  brown,  costa  and  collar  yellow CONFUSA. 

Rhyiichagrotis  exsertistigma  Morr. 

1874.  Morr.  Proc,  Bost.  Soc.  N.  H.,  xvii,  ItiG,  Agroiis. 

1875.  Grt.,  Can.  Ent,,  vii,  iiC,  altcrnata. 

1875.  Grt.,  Can.  Ent.,  vii,  101,  an  sp.  dist.  alternata. 

1875.  Grt.,  Bull.  Bntt".  Soc.  N.  Sci.,  ii,  :{0:J  an  sp.  dist. 

1876.  Grt.,  Bull.  Buft'.  Soc.  N.  Sci.,  iii,  79,  AgroHs. 
1887.  Smith,  Proc.  U.  S.  Nat.  Mus.,  x,  450,  Ayrolis. 

Color  dark  clay  yellow,  median  an<l  submedian  spaces  darker,  and 

powdered  with  dark  fuscous  or  blackish.     Thorax  with  a  shade  of 


A. 

ecies  have 

1(1  ^(Mieral 

color  ami 
(lering  is 

us,  but  is 
I  ker  than 

)roniincnt 

otlier  by 

)iigiit  red 

g  it  with 
ays,  how- 
[;oUar  has 
ltd  group 
il  tyiie  of 

}  follows : 


UTISTIOMA. 

lies  Hliort, 

FOliMALlS. 

!8s  lobiist ; 

roMlNALlS. 

lark  black. 

.KACL'LA. 

[^  ill  color, 
'tliaii  pace, 

)I.STKACTA. 

SCI  )I  DA  LIS. 

{KXULATA. 

CONFUSA. 


REVISION    OK    SPECIES    OK    THE    0ENU8    AOHOTIS. 


31 


brown  addeil,  collar  pale  iiiferiorly,  broadly  tipped  with  black.  Alxlo- 
men  and  secondaries  dull  fuscous.  Transverse  lines  evident,  geminate; 
t.  a.  line  not  crossing  the  paler  costal  space,  the  inner  line  running  iu 
an  even  curve  from  the  subiiiedian  vein  to  base.  Claviform  pale.  T.  p. 
line  evenly  sinuate,  included  space  pale.  Ordinary  spots  concolorous, 
outlined  by  a  paler  line.  The  terminal  space  is  paler  than  the  8.  t. 
space,  and  except  as  marked  by  this  contrast,  the  s.  t.  line  is  not  evi- 
dent. Costal  part  of  s.  t.  space  darkest.  Brnt'ath,  dull  fuscous,  with 
costal  and  outer  margin  powderel  with  blackish  and  with  an  extra  dis- 
cal  line  and  <Iiscal  lunate  spot  on  each  wing. 

Expands  37""" ;  1.5  inches. 

Habitat. — California. 

The  above  description  was  made  from  Mr.  Morrison's  type  which  is  a 
female.  Mr.  Morrison's  original  descrii>tion  is  very  brief,  and  is  as  fol- 
lows : 

"This  species  resembles  the  eastern  aJternata,  Grotc,  but  it  can  be 
separated  by  the  following  characters:  Orbicular  spot  open  above,  not 
subcpiadrate  as  iu  alternata.  The  median  space  is  suttiised  with  black, 
('laviform  spot  distinct  and  disconcolorous.  The  exterior  line  is  drawn 
in  below  the  cell ;  and  lastly  the  collar  is  black  above,  whitish  and  con- 
trasting below." 

Judging  froui  the  above  description  Mr.  Grote  promptly  referred  the 
species  to  alternata  as  a  synonym.  Later,  on  receiving  a  specimen  from 
Mr.  Morrison,  marked  cvsertistigmn  he  withdraws  this  reference  and 
(tilers  a  description  essentially  dilferent  as  to  coloration.  Still  later 
Mr.  Grote  learned  that  the  specimen  sent  him  by  Mr.  Morrison  was  not 
like  the  type,  and  he  seems  never  to  have  really  recognized  Mr.  Mor- 
rison's species.  The  result  is  the  confusion  indicated  in  the  prelimi- 
nary remarks  on  this  group. 

Mr.  Morrison's  comparisons  are  really  very  apt  and  the  species  is  a 
;;ood  one.  The  thoracic  tuftings  are  small,  and  the  whole  insect  ap- 
pears depressed,  abdomen  Hattened. 

None  of  Mr.  Grote's  remarks  apply  to  this  species  and  the  figure  iu 
the  Butf.  Bull,  refers  to  the  form  1  have  named  mifasa. 

Rhynchagrotis  formalis  (Jiotc, 

1874.  Grt.,  Bull.  BiilV.  Soc.  Nat.  Sci.,  ii,  (il,  Ai/rotis. 
1878.  Git.,  Hull..,  Surv.,  iv,  174,  .Ifirolin. 
1-87.  Siiiitli,  I'roc.  II.  8.  Nat.  Miis.,  x,  4uO. 

var.  iNsui.AiJis  (Jrote. 
1876.  Grt.,  Bull.  Bull'.  Soc.  Nat.  Sci.,  m,  8J,  Ayrutis. 

"  S  An  exceedingly  dark  and  beautiful  species,  with  silky  squammation 
and  soHiewhat  Hattened  form,  and  allied  to  our  eastern  A.  coUaris  and 
A.  (jeniculata,  middle  and  hind  tibia;  alone  spinose,  dark,  intense  black- 


:) 


,.)•■■ 
'J. 

111 ' 

iii'i 

I  Vl'l 


:er,  and 
shade  of 


32 


mJLLKlIN    :iH,    UNITEU    STATES    NATIONAL    MUSEUM. 


r.-s." 


Till*  fonii  inHularin 


islihrown.  The  collar  lias  it  narrow  central  pure  white  line,  nlwive 
wliicli  tin*  i>rotiiora(!ic-pi«'ees are  velvety  blaek;  priniurie.s  with  thetMiMtal 
e<l;;e  broadly  dark  ashen  to  the  inception  of  the  t.  p.  line,  absorbing 
the  superior  portion  of  the  orbicular  spot;  reiiiforin  {jray,  like  tin-  costal 
ed;;e,  moderate,  with  taint  dark  internal  rin^;  ordinary  lines  j^etiiinate, 
tine,  not  very  distinct  or  complete,  black;  the  t.  a.  line  waved,  nearly 
per|>endicular;  the  basal  halt'  line  visible  on  the  f;ray  costar  edj.'e ;  the 
t.  p.  line  roundly  but  not  greatly  exserted  opposite  the  cell,  followed 
by  minute  black  and  white  points  on  the  subterminal  space;  median 
Kpa(;e  with  a  more  ruddy  brown  tinge  than  the  rest  of  the  wing  and  like 
the  thorax  and  tegulte;  the  faintly  pale  subterminal  line  is  shaded  with 
brown  and  the  dark  fringes  are  brown  at  basean<l  show  a  faint  interior 
line;  hind  wings  blackish  without  marks,  with  white-tipped  fuscous 
fringes  that  show  a  broad  interior  line;  abdomen  blackish;  beneath 
the  wings  are  a  little  paler,  irrorate,  with  a  rather  distinct  blackish 
common  line  and  black  discal  marks  on  the  hind  wing.- 

Expands  ."35""";  1.40  inches. 

The  above  is  Mr.  Grote's  des(!ription  ot'/orm<ilis. 
is  described  as  follows: 

"  9  Purple  red  brown  with  ashen  costal  region  crossed  by  the  gemi- 
nate black  transverse  lines;  stigmata  concolorous ;  cell  between  them 
and  before  the  orbicular  black  ;  reniform  narrowly  edged  with  pale,  a 
black  sub-basal  curved  dash,  course  of  the  lines  as  in  vxmrtintiyum,  t,  ''ar 
ashen  ;  thorax  red  brown;  hind  wings  fuscous  with  ircerlined  fringes: 
allied  io  cxserthtUjma  ;  dillt.^  '"color  and  in  the  black  lines,  and  in 
the  more  bent  subterminal  follov»cv.  ^  '"de  points,  as  well  as  in  the 
more  rounded  orbicular." 

Expands  34""" ;  1.3G  inches. 

A  long  series  of  specimens  from  California  and  Vancouver  prove 
these  forms  identical.  The  black  tiPilug  of  the  cell  is  not  constant  and 
varies  from  a  mere  shade  to  a  di8tin<;t  black  tilling,  the  latter  being  the 
more  usual.  In  the  type  form  the  cosia  and  ordinary  spots  are  dark 
gray,  and  the  claviform  is  very  f:u>.\C.y  marked;  the  median  space  has 
a  more  evident  reddidi  brown  cast  and  the  secondaries  are  blackish. 
In  the  variety  imularis  the  color  is  more  evenly  red  brown,  the  collar  not 
blaciv  above  but  darker  than  the  inferior  portion  which  is  tinged  with 
yellowish,  as  is  the  costa.  The  ordinary  spots  are  concolorous,  outlined 
by  the  black  filling  of  the  cell,  and  a  few  yellowish  scales:  the  secon- 
daries have  a  yellowish  tint.  All  intermediate  forms  are  found  in  both 
sexes,  and  I  have  no  doubt  of  their  identity.  The  genitalia  of  the 
male  are  alike  in  both  forms ;  they  are  peculiar  in  having  the  inferior 
angle  of  the  harpes  rounded  and  the  clasper  unusually  long  and  strongly 
curved. 

In  my  own  exi)erience  the  species  varies  in  size  from  35-37""",  1.40  1.48 
inches,  and  it  seems  not  uncommon  in  Calitornia,  Vancouver,  and 
liriiish  Columbia. 


REVISION    OK    81'KUIES    OF    TIIK    liENUS    AGUOTIS. 


33 


Rhyucbagrotis  emarginata  (irt. 

l-^C.  Ort.,  Bull.  ISiiff.  Hoc.  X.  Sti.,  in,  H-i  .hjrolia. 
IfflS    (Jrt  ,  ISiill.  Siirv.,  IV,  17 «  .tjivti^. 

"  9  Keseinbliiij;  insiiUtrin,  but  witbout  psili*  margin  topriinarios;  abdo- 
men Hattoned  ;  this  ami  tijo  followinj^  species  \/((vul(i\  witii  iiisularimwo 
nearest  to  forma  lis.  Wiii;,'s  narrower  tlian  in  variHsima.  Dark  purple 
Itrowii.  Collar  suriiioiiiited  by  a  narrow  black  line.  Stij^niata  concol- 
oroiis,  sube«|nal,  narrowly  pale  niar};ined.  Lines  black,  {geminate,  in- 
<licated  on  costal  re^^ion,  else  faint,  no  black  marks  or  slia<les.  Orbicu- 
lar open  to  costa.  Ilind  win<?s  darks  fuscous  with  interlined  fringes. 
lU'iieath  paler;  costal  regimis  stained  with  purplish;  coinniou  line  and 
(Iiscal  marks  on  hind  wings.  Abdomen  dark  fuscous  above ;  purple 
stained  beneath. 

''  Expanse  33""".    No.  TSt,  California,  Mr.  lly.  Edwards." 

This  may  be  formtilit  or  iiDiularix  but  may  also  be  a  good  species, 
sniee  some  of  the  forms  in  this  grouj  are  very  closely  allied. 

In  Bull.  Surv.,  iv,  174,  Mr.  (Jrote  gives  as  distinctive:  '*  Rather  nar- 
row-wingetl,  dark  purple  brown;  concolorous ;  ornamentation  subob- 
solete  ;  lines  darker  than  the  wi  ,.  orbicular  incomplete  above.  Col- 
lar with  a  distinct,  black  su|»erior  edging." 

This  indicates  almost  certainly  oue  of  the  evenly  colored  forms  of 
foriiKilis. 

Rhyucbagrotis  carissima  llurv. 
187r»,  Hiirv.,  iu  Grt.  check  list,  i».  25. 

"5  Allied  to  fonnalis.  Head,  thorax,  fore  wings,  and  body  beneath 
stained  of  a  reddish  pur{de  over  fuscous.  Veins  marked  with  blackish ; 
lines  obsolete,  geminate,  marked  by  include*!  paler  tint ;  stigmata  obso- 
lete; collar  with  a  jet  black  contrasting  band.  Beneath  the  wings 
are  blackish,  irrorate ;  hind  wings  jialer  with  line  and  small  discal 
mark.    California.     Expanse,  34""'." 

Except  as  a  comparative  description  this  is  very  incomi)lete.  As- 
suming that  the  species  is  really  related  to  formal  is  this  descriptiou 
applies  to  aspecimen  of  insulari>i  (Jrt.,  before  me.  But  Mr.  (Jrote,  who 
had  au  opportunity  of  knowing  all  of  Dr.  llarvey's  types,  and  who,  in- 
deed, obtained  possession  of  most  of  them,  places  this  species  near  to 
intrita  and  rava,  and  far  from  the  species  with  which  it  is  compared. 
This  makes  me  doubtful  whether  the  suspicion  of  identity  with  insu- 
/rtrjs  is  correct ;  but  since  Dr.  Harvey  is  usually  very  accurate  I  retain 
the  species  where  he  originally  placed  it.  I  have  never  seen  a  species 
marked  carissima  in  collections,  and  the  type  is  probably  in  Mr.  Grote's 
collection  in  the  British  Museum. 
23C45— Bull.  38 3 


itfl 


II  < 

IK" 

111!' 

I  H*  > 


34 


BULLETIN    ;is,    rMTi;i>    .SIATKS    NATIONAL    MUSEUM. 


Rhyiichagiotis  biiiominalis  8iiiitU. 

lHri7.  Siiiitli,  Proc.  U.  S.  X;it.  Miis.,  x,  l.'.l,  Ayrotin. 

cx.urtisliijnia,  t  (lit. 
187r>.  (irt.,  Can.  Kiit.,  vii,  'id,  ./.'/nW/.t. 
1867.  Siiiitli,  rroc.  U.  S.  Nut.  Miis.,  x,  461,  pr.  syu. 

Primaries  red  hrrtwii ;  co.sta  iind  collar  interiorly  j'ellowish ;  collar 
tii»i)e(l  with  black  ;  cell  around  tlio  ordinary  spots  black.  Transverse 
lines  geminate;  t.  a.  line  not  crossing  costal  pale  space,  else  distinct;  t.  p. 
line  j)unctitbrin,  barely  traceable  ;  s.  t.  line  pale,  interrupted,  i)0\vdery. 
Ordinary  si»ots  pale-ringed,  orbicular  invaded  by  costal  i)ale  space; 
reniform  slightly  cinereous;  claviform  faintly  outlined  in  pale.  Abdo- 
men and  secondaries  smoky  fuscous.  Uarpes  of  3  short  and  Jjroad, 
superiorly  prolonged  into  a  cylindrical  linger-like  process;  iuferiorly 
into  a  short  acute  spur.  The  clasper  consists  of  a  single  curved  hook 
from  the  sui>erior  portion  of  harpes. 

Ex{>ands  38""";  1.5  inches. 

IlAiJiTAT.— California,  ^Yashington. 

This  is  the  cxscftistitjma  of  the  Eil wards  collection,  and  like  one  speci- 
men so  labeled  in  Jir.  Tepper's  collection.  The  typical  exsertiNtigma 
is,  as  Mr.  Morrison  described  it,  much  like  alternata  in  color  and  ap- 
pearance. 

The  primaries  are  also  more  produced  and  have  the  outer  margin 
more  oblique,  apex  rectangular.  The  body  is  not  deinessed.  The 
harpes,  as  compared  with  for  malts,  dilfer  in  the  produced  inferior  angle 
and  the  comparatixely  shorter  and  less  curved  clasper. 

The  species  seems  not  rare. 

Rhynchagrotis  observabilis  Grt. 

1875.  Grt.,  Can.  Ent.,  vii,  II I  .iiiri'tin. 
Ir^T^.  Grt.,  Ii.ill.  hiirv.,  i\',  171  .ttjrolh. 
1887.  .Smith,  I'nm.  U.  S.  Nat.  Miis.,  x,  Jni  Agrotis. 

"  9  For(!i  tibia-  unarmed;  middle  and  himl  tibia'  spinose.  By  the  flat- 
tened abdomen  allied  to  cupidissima.  Fore  wings  darl;  blackish  brown, 
with  tl.e  terminal  space  paler,  somewhat  olivaceous.  As  in  fXHvrtistiffmiu 
the  orbicular  is  open,  triangulate,  broadly  piile  margined,  fusing  supe- 
riorly with  a  pule  subcostal  shade  extending  from  the  base  of  the  wing 
above  this  spot.  Unlike  iwnertistiijma,  the  orbicular  and  reniform  are 
black,  the  grouml  color  of  the  median  si)ace  about  them  being  powdered 
with  deep  yellow.  A  black  basal  diish  before  the  geminate,  waved  t. 
a.  line;  the  latter  intcrrui)ted  by  the  subcostal  shade,  and  with  an  inte- 
rior pale  shading.  Claviform  moderate,  pale-edged.  T.  p.  geminate, 
the  inner  line  scalloped,  ihe  outer  even,  inclosing  a  raiher  broad  pale 
space;  the  line  is  very  slightly  sinuate,  not  depressed  opposite  the  cell. 
Subierminal  line  nearly  straight,  dark,  with  a  very  pale  powder.y  exte- 
rior shade.    !Sul)terminal  space  darker  shaded  on  costa,  relieving  the 


UliVISlON    OF    SriX'lKS    OF    THE    GKM'S    AGUOT18. 


35 


costal  dots  ilistiuctly.  Teniiiual  lino  dentate.  Hind  win^jfs  dark  fiis- 
couo,  witli  palo  interlined  fringes.  Beneath  <]uite  imle,  faintly  ruddy 
and  subirrorate,  with  coninion  exterior  line  fading  towards  internal 
margins  and  discal  marks.  Collar  pale,  edged  behind  with  blaukj 
teguhe  i)lackish." 

"Exininse,  S;?'""." 

llAiJiTAr. — California  (IJehrens,  No.  370). 

Afterward,  in  the  IJu'il.  8iirv.,  iv,  174,  Mr.  (Jrote  says:  "Collar  with 
nijperhalf  black;  lower  part  reddish  or  ochery.  Costal  margin  red- 
dish; varies  by  the  presence  of  black  on  the  cell  and  before  the  orbicu- 
lar, or  its  absence  when  these  places  are  sometimes  olivaceous  or  reddish. 
A  bljick  basal  dash ;  chiviform  distinct.  The  collar  is  similar  to /»/•• 
mails,  but  the  color  is  ditferent,  being  fuscous,  overlaid  with  reddish 
and  olivaceous." 

This  species  1  do  not  know  at  all.  Mr.  (J rote  has  labeled  three  dif- 
ferent species  with  this  name,  and  neither  one  agrees  with  his  descrip- 
tion. In  Proc.  U.  S.  National  ]Museuin,  x,  451,  I  place  this  species  in 
the  synoptic  table  witl;  facula  on  the  faith  of  a  specimen  labeled  by 
Mr.  Grote  and  marked  type,  I  believe,  in  Mr.  (Jraef's  collection.  JJut  it 
does  not  at  all  agree  with  the  description,  which  could  not  i»ossibly 
have  been  drawn  from  that  specimen.  I  have  therefore  called  it  (lis- 
tracta, 

1  shall  expect  to  lind  the  type  of  this  species  the  sair.e  as  Mr.  Morri- 
son's cvscrtistigma. 


Rhynchagrotis  facula  (.ntto. 


IHTO.  Grb.,  Bull.  liiitl".  Skc.  Nut.  Sci.,  in,  H'i.,  Aijrotis. 

187«.  Cirt.,  Hull.  Anvv.  iv,  171,  Aij'ulia. 

18S7.  Smitli,  Proo.  U.  S.  Nat.  .Mas.,  x,  VA,    ttiiotis. 

"  9  Dark  purple  brown;  a  slight  ashen  cosiul  shade  invades  the  stig- 
mata. Kesembles  formalis  in  color  and  ornanientatio!i.  It  ditVers  by 
the  black  tilling  in  on  the  cell,  by  the  absence  of  the  bl.iok  band  and 
central  white  lino  on  the  collar,  which  is  concolorous  Avith  the  dark 
brown  thorax,  and  oidy  shows  a  superior  black  edging.  The  geminato 
lilies  occupy  their  usual  position.  The  orbicular  is  open.  There  is  an 
abdomiiv '  c«ri/ta.  Ilind  wings  blackish  fuscous.  These  species  seem 
to  leau  l..to  the  cuplda  group  of  the  genus." 

To  I\[r.  (Irote's  descrii>tion  I  would  add  that  the  ordinary  spots  are 
narrowly  outlined  with  pale  scales:  t.  a.  line  complete,  oblique  with 
■  liree  slight  out-curves  ;  t.  p.  line  punctiform,  rather  indistiiutt,  evenly 
sinuate;  s.  t.  line  consisting  of  a  series  of  pale  yellow,  iiowdery  dots. 

Expands  .'51-34""";  1.25-1 .3.'i  inches. 

IlAiUTAT. — California,  lUitish  Columbia. 

This  species  is  easily  recognized  by  the  very  uniform  dark  color,  the 
plump,  heavy  body,  tho  rather  short,  robust  i)rimaries  and  short  abdo- 


•r  .i» 


mM 


' 


3G 


Bl'LLKTIN    m,    UNITED    STATES    NATIONAL    MUSEUM. 


men.  The  ^^enitnlia  of  S  ayg  lika  thomi  of  obstrrtibilis.  As  Mr.  Groto 
siijrjjests,  tl.i«  species  closely  resembles  ./<»'HJrt7/.v  exc«4>t  for  the  coiicolor- 
ou.s  collar;  the  bhick  lilliiig  in  of  the  cell  is  not  distinctive. 

Rhyiichagrotis  distracta  Siriitb,  up.  uov. 

ohKcrrahilh  t  Hunth. 

l5W7.  Sii.itli,  I'roc.  U.  S.  Nat.  Mas.,  x,  \'>\. 

Clay  yellow  or  {grayish,  more  or  less  i>owdere(t  with  blackish.  Costa 
slijrhtly  i)aler.  S.  t.  si)aco  strongly  i)o\V(lere(l  with  bhuik,  but  not  darker 
than  the  median  space.  Cell  as  nsual.  black  or  dark  tilled.  Transverse 
lines  geminate,  black,  complete,  conrse  as  in  the  pre(!eding  species. 
S.  t.  line  pale,  emphasized  by  a  black  costal  patch  and  a  slight  preced- 
ing blackish  shade.    Secondaries  fuscous.    Collar  concolorous. 

Expands  32-34""" ;  l.!*8-1.3(i  inches. 

Habitat. — Washington,  Oregon,  Califorjiia. 

Varies  in  the  direction  of  a  more  even  color,  the  black  powderings 
less  distinct,  the  cell  not  black  though  dusky.  The  species  has  a  pe- 
culiar .sordid  ap|>earance,  and  the  dense  blackish  atoms  with  which  it 
is  powdered,  add  to  this  appearance.  It  is  not  unlike  cxnertisif/ma  in 
color  and  habitus  though  evidently  distinct  by  the  concolorous  collar. 
This  one  is  of  the  forms  which  was  marked  obfiervabilin  by  ]\Ir.  (Jrote, 
and  which  1  so  referred  as  above  cited. 

The  hai'pesof  tliemale  have  the  superior  process  somewhat  lengthened 
and  somewhat  clavate,  and  the  inferior  angle  acute.  The  clasper  is 
very  short  and  rather  thick. 

Rhynchagrotis  discoidalis  Grt. 
lc7G.  Grt.,  Hull.  Hiitr.  Soc.  Nat.  Sci.,  iii,  S'i,  pi.  4,  f.  D,  Jijrotis. 

'*  9  Fore  tibia'  unarmetl;  appearing  allied  to  ((tfcnta.  Fuscous  or 
wooil  brown.  The  geminate  lines  as  usual  in  this  group.  Cell  black. 
Stigmata  concolorous;  orbicular  elongate-ovate;  reniform  upright. 
Subtermiiial  space  the  darkest.  The  general  color  is  fuscous  with  a 
gray  shade  except  on  subterminal  space.  The  distinctive  character  of 
this  species  is  the  black  shading  around  the  orbicular  of  the  cell. 
There  is  a  trace  of  the  claviform.  Hind  wings  pale  fuscous  with  inter- 
lined fringes  and  the  veins  marked,  lieneath  paler  with  a  faint  line 
and  di.scal  mark." 

Expands  37"'"';  1.5  inches. 

IlAniTAT. — Nevada. 

This  is  slightly  darker,  more  grayish  than  distracta,  with  which  Mr. 
Grote  has  also  confused  it.  This  ;^.p"ijies  dillers  in  the  more  even  color- 
ation, the  less  distinct  transverse  lines,  the  dark,  uniform  s.  i.  sj)0i;3, 
and  in  the  tendency  of  the  orbicular  to  close  supeiiorly.  Thi^'  us- 
^Uuructer  is  j)eculiar  in  tUi^  sectjoii,  and  while  t-ln?  spccifis  uiiur.;;"ut^;dly 


REVISION   OF   SPECIES   OF    THE   GENUS    AGUOTIS. 


37 


belongs  Lere,  I  should  not  he  surprised  to  find  a  considoriible  modifica- 
tion of  the  male  genitalia  when  that  sex  is  studied.  LTntbrtnnately  I 
had  no  male. 

Rhynchagrotis  creniilata  Sniitli. 


ich  jMr. 

n  roloi- 

sp'iC'S 

li^'    'W' 

ibtxidly 


1887.  Smith,  Proc,  U.S.  Nat.  MiiH.,x,  451,  ,l;itoliit. 

Primfiries  deep  dark  brown ;  basal  and  s.  t.  space  slightly  paler, 
powdered  with  gray ;  cost.al  space  paler  reel  brown ;  ordinary  spots 
powdered  with  gray;  claviform  outlined  with  pale  yellow  scales.  Trans- 
verse lines  distinct;  t.  a.  lines  geminate,  included  space  pale;  t.  p.  line 
crenulate,  course  as  in  the  preceding  species;  s.  t.  line  distinct,  pjile 
yellowish,  punctiform.  Basal  black  dash  distinct;  cell  black.  Second- 
aries smoky  fuscous.  Ilarpes  of  5  as  in  the  preceding  species;  but  the 
s^rojections  at  upper  and  inferior  angles  are  longer,  and  there  is  an 
.(Iditional  curved  slender  projection  from  upper  margin.  The  clasper 
is  lacking,  but  is  replaced  by  a  quadrate  corneous  plate.  The  additional 
projection  of  side  piece  probably  serves  the  same  purpose  as  the  clasper 
of  preceding  species. 

Expands  35""";  1.4  inches. 

Habitat. — California. 

This  is  the  facnla  of  Mr.  Neumoegen's  collection,  so  named  by  Mr. 
(Jrote.  The  differences  are  so  obvious,  that  there  seems  scariiely  an 
excuse  for  the  error.  The  difference  in  the  S  genitalia  is  very  de(!ided 
also. 

In  the  latter  character  this  species  and  cnn/Hsa  agree  closely,  and 
they  dhWn  from  all  the  preceding  by  the  additional  finger-like  process 
of  the  iavpe.s  and  by  lacking  the  corneous  hook  of  the  clasper,  the 
jiitt"'  '  .Ml' -  represented  by  a  sub(iuadrate,  slightly  projecting  plate. 

K  ni  v^r  above  was  first  described  I  have  seen  niiuiy  specimens  and 
tlier^  i.-*  (xtssibility  that  perhaps  this  species  and  the  folIo\ving — con- 
fttm — nia.')  ♦  •  n  out  to  be  identical.  I  am  not  ready  to  say  that  it  is  so, 
but  as  the  genitalia  agree,  and  the  difference  is  in  maculation  merely, 
there  is  a  strong  likelihood  that  it  may  be  so. 

RhyncliHgrutis  confusa  .Smitli. 

1887.  I'nir.  IT.  S.  Naf.  Mils.,  x,  I.VJ,  .hjrotiH. 

crsrylixtidina  I  Grt. 
•MTf,.  (}rt.,  Hiiil.  HnlV.  Soc.  Nat.  Sci.,  in,  7'.),  PI.  1,  C.  8. 

ii:  .  i'lred  brown;  costa  and  collar  broadly  pale  yellow;  cell  before 
aiui  between  the  ordinary  spots  black;  ordinary  spots  concolorous, 
narrowly  annulate  with  pale  yellow;  claviform  outlined  in  same  way. 
T.  !i.  line  distinct,  not  (grossing  costal  pale  sptice,  but  incurved  to  base; 
1. 1>.  line  punctiform,  imlistinct,  geminate,  included  spa(!e  iialer;  s.  t. 
line  pale  yellow,  inirrow,  powdery,  emphasized  by  the  somewhat  darker 


I 

I   Cf.il 
<    »ti 

I  „ 

I  .*,' 


I  »''< 


38 


BULLETIN   38,    UNITKO    STATES    NATIONAL   MUSKl'M. 


brown  s.  t.  space.    SccoiidariL's  fiiscou.s ;   S  genitalia  essentially  as  iu 
crenulata. 

Expands  37""" ;  1.5  inches. 

Habitat.— Wasliinston. 

This  is  the  form  labeled  exaertiatigma  by  Mr.  Grote  in  collection  Graef 
and  Neninoegen,  atid  Mr.  Tepper  alno  had  a  specimen  ainsociated  with 
hinominalls  under  the  same  title.  The  superficial  resemblance  between 
binominalis  and  confufia  in  very  close,  but  the  species  are  undoubtedly 
distinct.  The  black  collar  of />jho?mjw^//.s  is  distinctive  and  the  difter- 
ence  in  the  genitalia  is  strongly  marked.  Four  specimens  of  S  and  9 
from  Messrs.  Graef,  Tepper,  and  Neumoegen  examined. 

Rhynchagrotis  costata  Grt. 
IHTfi.  Grt.,  Bull.  Bill)  'J.  Sci.,  iii,  80,  Agrotia. 

"  9  Allied  to  the  preceding  [exuerthtUjmaconfHm  niihi]  but  of  a  bright 
red  brown.  The  costa  brotadly  pallid,  as  is  the  open  orbicular.  The  t.  p. 
line  is,  however,  single,  dark,  finely  lunulate.  The  veins  are  slightly 
indicated.  The  inconspicuous,  linear,  dark  subterrainal,  is  near  the 
margin.  Collar  with  a  black  line.  Thorax  re<l  brown,  in  my  type  not 
well  preserved.  Hind  wings  concolorous  fuscous.  Beneath,  fuscous, 
with  common  line  and  dots." 

Expands  35"'"';  Vancou\er  Island.    Mr.  Edwards,  No.  4040. 

The  type  is  not  iu  Mr.  Edwards's  collection,  and  Mr.  Edwards  states 
that  Mr.  Grote  borrowed  quite  a  number  of  his  types  for  further  study, 
and  never  returned  them ;  probably  they  are  now  in  the  British  Museum. 

The  present  species  can  not  well  be  identified  except  by  examination 
of  the  type,  for  there  are  certainly  three  species  confused  by  Mr.  Grote 
under  the  name  cxsertistigma,  and  the  fact  that  a  single  t.  p.  line  is 
credited  to  this  species  renders  the  matter  still  more  uncertain.  It  is, 
however,  more  than  likely  that  it  is  to  one  of  the  species  I  have  de- 
scribed as  belonging  to  this  group  that  the  description  refers. 

Genus  ADELPHAGROTIS  Sinitb. 

Anterior  tibiae  not  spinose,  front  smooth,  rather  narrow,  subequal. 
Thorax  robust,  subquadrate,  the  patagia^  smooth,  collar  rounded;  a 
j>romiuent  anterior  and  distinct  posterior  tuft.  The  primaries  are  mod- 
erate in  size,  with  produced  ai)ices  and  oblique,  slightly  rounded 
outer  margin;  antenna  of  S  simple,  ciliate.  Except  of  pros  inn  no  S 
specimens  of  the  species  have  been  examined;  the  probabilities,  how- 
ever, are  that  the  genitalia  will  run  to  the  same  type,  viz,  elongate, 
membraneous  harpes,  more  or  less  rounded  at  tip,  and  a  motleiate, 
strong,  cuived  corneous  cla8i)er. 

While  agreeing  in  general  habitus,  the  species  difier  very  decidedly, 
ami  are  recognizable  at  a  glance. 

Stdlaris  and  inHofnhUiH  agree  in  the  bright  yellow  or  creaniy  white 
reniform,  dilfering  hiier  sc  by  the  pale,  gray  color  of  priniaries  and  yel- 


idodly, 

wliito 
u\  yel- 


REVISrON    OF    SPECIKS    OF    TIIK    GKXUS    AGUOTIS.  39 

low  collar  of  tlio  lormer,  and  the  dark,  blackish,  brown  primaries  and 
black  tipped  collar  of  tlie  latter,  rrasina  is  well  known,  and  differs 
t'ronj  all  the  other  species  by  its  lar^e  size  and  mossy  green  primaries, 
on  which  is  a  very  prominent  white  patch  Just  beyond  the  reniform. 
In  this  species  also  the  posterior  tnfts  exceed  the  anterior.  The  re- 
inaining  species  are  abnormally  marked.  Apposifa  is  red  brown,  the 
median  space  is  pale,  with  a  yellowish  cast,  the  onlinary  spots  being 
snbobsolete,  while  the  balance  of  the  primaries  is  deep  brown  with  a 
l)owdering  of  black  scales. 

Vcrnilis  and  infimatis  differ  i'rom  all  the  others  in  the  gray  color, 
obsolescence  of  transverse  lines,  the  strigose  markings,  and  elongate, 
•oblong  orbicnlar.  They  may  be  distinguished  by  the  dark  ground 
color,  complete  orbicnlar  and  concolorous  ground  color  of  costa  of 
rcrnilis,  and  the  paler  color,  open  oibicular  and  whitish  costa  of  injl- 
matis.  In  the  former  also  the  reniform  is  larger  and  usually  palerth.au 
ground  color;  in  the  latter  it  is  narrower,  luinite,  and  darker  than 
ground  color. 

In  tabular  form  the  species  separate  as  follows: 

Ordinary  spots  diacolnrona  white  or  creamy  yellow. 

Collar  creamy  yellow stkllaris. 

Collar  pale,  superior  half  lilack INNOTAIULIS. 

Ordinary  spots  when  present  not  discoloroua,  contrasting. 
Transverse  lines  distinct. 
Size  larj^e;  primaries  mossy  green,  a  largo  T.hito  patch  heyond  reniibrm,  ordinary 

spots  distinct I'UAsina. 

Size  smaller;  primaries  dark  brown,  median  space  niiich  paler;  ordinary  spots 

obsolete Arrosri'A. 

Transverse  lines  obsolete;  orbicular  elongate,  narrow,  obli(iue. 
Dark  gray;  reniform  moderate,   rather  paler;  annnlato  with  paler  gray  and 

black;  secondaries  dusky vekxilis. 

Paler;  reniform  narrow,   lunate,   dusky,   not  distinctly  outlined;   secondaries 

white INFIMATIS. 

I  have  not  used  the  term  Enrois  for  this  genus,  of  which  j)>Y(,s/Hft  is 
perhaps  to  be  considered  the  type,  as  snbseciuont  authors  have  used  the 
term  for  quite  miscellaneous  assemblages,  and  1  prefer  not  to  add 
another  meaning  to  the  term  at  present. 

Atlelphagrotis  stellaris  (irt. 
18H0.  Grt.,  Can.  Ent.,  xii,  lo^?,  .UjrDtix. 

"  9  varies  in  color  from  blackish  to  reddish  purply,  nearly  as  bright 
as  phyllophorn.  Collar  yellowish  white,  discolorous  with  head  and 
thorax.  Palpi  with  pale  thii'd  article.  l\(>nitbrm  kidney-shaped,  yel- 
lowish white,  discolorous.  Orbicular  rounded, somewhat  irregular  and 
slightly  oblique,  nearly  concoloi'ous  with  the  wing,  a  little  shaded  with 
yellowish,  both  spots  annulate  with  dark.  Lines  single,  blackish;  half 
line  indicated;  t.  a.  line  waved;  t.  p.  line  lunnlate,  followed  l)y  a  pale 
shade  against  which  the  darker  veins  and  faint  cloutly  poiutlets  of  the 


If* 

«*; 

la,. 


■I) 


tui 


I 

t  si 


40 


BULLETIN   38,    UNITED    cJTATES   NATIONAL    MUSEUM. 


line  contrast;  s.  t.  line  inaugurated  by  a  tlilliise  shade  on  costa,  below 
which  tlie  line  is  exsertetl  and  followed  by  pale  points.  Hind  wings 
pale,  soiled,  or  fuscous  shaded,  with  terminal  line.  Beneath  with  discal 
marks  and  common  line." 

Expands  32-33""";  1.28-132  inches. 

IIabitat. — Hevada,  Washington. 

I  have  seen  and  examined  the  type  specimens  in  the  Graef  collection  ; 
both  are  females.  The  median  space  is  slightly  darker  and  the  clavi- 
form  is  indicated  by  a  few  pale  scales. 

I  have  seen  no  males,  but  I  have  no  doubt  that  they  will  be  found 
referalde  to  this  group  by  antennal  structure.  The  insect  seems  rare, 
and  is  an  easily  recognized  one. 

Adelphagrotis  innotabilis  (<rt. 

1874.  Grt.,  Proe.  Ac.  Nat.  Sci.  riiil.,  2(),  20'2,  Agrolis. 
1880.  Grt,,  Can.  Ent..,xii,  IM,  AgrotiH. 

U'anhhi(fto)iicnsis  Grt. 
1880.  Grt.,  r.iill.  U.  S.  Gcol.  and  GfOR.  Snrv.,  vi,  Sr.'.t,  Agrotis. 

"  This  well-marked  species  resembles  at  first  sight  ^l.  lAcarnea  and  A. 
c-nigrum  from  the  Atljintic  States,  but  difteis  by  its  smaller  size  and 
the  absence  of  any  carneous  costal  shades  on  the  fore  wings.  Blackish ; 
the  collar  is  pale  at  base  and  very  broadly  bainled  witii  deep  black 
superiorly.  Fore  wings  with  the  transverse  lines  narrow,  continuetl, 
geminate,  accompanied  by  narrow  pale  shades.  Orbicular  small,  spher- 
ical, lying  in  a  deep  black  discai  shade  preceding  an<l  following  it; 
reniform  moderate,  discolorous,  ochraceous  distinct,  of  the  usual  shai)e, 
with  distinct  internal  ring;  fringes  blackish.  Hind  wings  blackish 
fuscous,  paler  at  base.  Beneath  i)aler,  with  a  purply  tinge;  a  faint 
narrow  common  line,  a  little  irregular  on  secondaries,  and  discal  dots. 
Body  parts  blackish." 

Expanse  33-36""";  1.32-1.44  inches. 

Habitat.— California  (Saucelito). 

In  the  Can.  Ent.,  xiT,  1.14,  Mr.  (i  rote  says:  "This  species  maybe 
known  by  the  yellow  brown  reniform,  contrasting  with  the  concolorous 
blackish  orbicular.  The  color  is  black  above,  gray  below.  Specimens 
from  Washington  Territory  differ  from  my  type  from  California  by  the 
median  space  lieing  shaded  with  brown,  the  claviform  outlined,  and 
several  very  fine  black  lines  cross  from  the  two  median  lines  over  the 
median  space  inferiorly.  The  species  is  allied  to  hicnnica.  The  orbicu- 
lar is  more  or  less  evidently  quadrate  and  oblique." 

In  Bull.  Surv.,  vi,  259,  Mr.  Grote  describes  A.  icashinfitonicnui'i  as 
follows:  "  <?  9  1  have  considered  this  a  form  of  iHwo/«/>/7/.s' (Can.  Ent., 
12, 154),  but  a  larger  series  of  specimens  collected  by  Mr.  Morrison  in 
Washington  Territory  shows  no  nearer  approach  to  my  type  of  innofahilis 
from  (California,  In  irnKhin!ito)iiensis  tiie  nuMlian  space  is  shaded  witli  rich 
brown,  the  claviform  is  outlined,  and  several  fine  black  lines  cross  Uie 


REVISION    OP   SPECIES    OP   THE    GENUS   AOKOTIS. 


41 


median  space  inferiorly.  The  orbicular  is  more  oblique  and  is  bright 
brown,  not  concolorons  as  in  innotahilis ;  it  is  somewhat  hirger  and 
squarer.  The  collar  is  bicolorous  in  both,  and  else  the  two  species  .are 
much  alike." 

Mr.  Grote's  first  impression  was  correct,  and  the  two  forms  refer  to 
the  same  species.  In  a  series  of  specimens  from  California  and  Wash- 
ington examined  by  me  all  the  characters  are  evanescent,  and  innoia- 
hilis  shows  the  same  cross  lines  in  the  median  si>ace,  though  as  it  is 
darker,  the  lines  are  very  feebly  marked  and  readily  overlooked.  One 
of  the  Washington  sjiecimens  scarcely  differs  from  typical  innotabilis. 

I  ''.ad  no  male  available  for  the  study  of  the  genitalia. 


Adelphagrotis  prasina  Falir. 

1787.  Pabr.,  Mant.  Ins.  Ti,  IfiH,  \ocfua. 
10.52.  (ill.,  Noct.,  II,  75,  Jplecla. 

1874.  Grt.,  Bull.  Butr,  Sop.  N.  Sci..  ii,  lf.3,  Eiirois. 

1875.  Speycr,  Stett.  Eiit.  Zoit.,  ;?G,  i:«),  Aphcta. 

Timber  brown,  more  or  less  densely  covered  with  mossy  green  scales, 
which  usually  give  the  predominant  color  to  the  primaries.  Hasal  line 
black,  followed  by  a  white  shade;  t.  a.  line  single,  black, oblique,  irreg- 
ular, preceded  by  a  white  shade.  T.  j).  line  strongly  crenulate,  ob- 
scured at  the  costal  half  by  a  large  irregular  white  patch.  At  lower 
piirt inwardly  oblique  constricting  the  median  space;  followed  by  a 
row  of  black,  and  then  a  row  of  white  venular  points.  S.  t.  line  very 
irregular,  pale  green  i)recede<l  by  a  darker  shade,  and  superiorly  by  a 
few  sagittate  black  jwints.  The  claviforni  is  short  outlined  with  black 
scales.  Ordinary  spots  large,  concolorous,  annulate  with  black.  Head 
white  with  a  greenish  tinge.  Thorax  concolorous,  tufts  somewhat  fer- 
ruginous.   Body  and  secondaries  blackish  fuscous. 

Expands  45-50""";  1.75-2  inches. 

Habitat. — New  England  and  Middle  States ;  Europe. 

This  is  one  of  the  few  species  couimon  to  the  United  States  and 
Europe  and  is  easily  distinguished  by  its  large  size  and  the  mossy 
green  mottling  of  primaries  and  the  large  wliite  pafeli  beyond  the  reni- 
form.  It  is  common.  The  genitalia  are  sinii)Ie,  and  have  been  referred 
to  in  the  introdu(!tion. 

The  European  synonymy  and  bibliography  are  not  given,  and  the 
in.sect  has  been  seldom  referred  to  in  American  jnibliciitions. 


9^0 

»  <»t 
i 

It  »f 

lU'f'' 


Adelphagrotis  apposita  Gil. 

1878.  Grt.,  IJiill.  Siirv.,  iv,  170,  .tf/yoth. 
18H:{.  Grt,.,  Papilio,  in,  78,  At/rDlis. 

"  9  Fore  tibia' unarmed.  Of  a  burnt  umber  brown  ;  thorax  darker, 
median  space  narrowed,  the  median  lines  ai)pro.\imate ;  t.  a.  line  slightly 
lobed,  outwardly  oblicpie,  dark  brown,  with  a  broad  preceding  pale 


42 


lUILLKTIX    ns,    UMTKI)    HTATlvS    NATIOxNAL   MUSEUM. 


shade ;  t.  p.  line  indistinct,  narrow,  indented  opposite  the  cell,  sli-ghtly 
lunxd.ite,  followed  by  a  pale  shade;  the  median  si»ace  paler  than  the 
rest  of  the  wing.  Orbicnlar  rounded,  moderate,  with  faint  black  au- 
nulus,  stained  with  reddish,  and  pale;  reniform  near  t.  j).  line,  moder- 
ate, Avith  dark  and  reddish  stained  center  and  pale  border.  Median 
shade  dark  and  diftuse;  claviiorni  obsolete.  Fringes concolorous;  8.  t. 
line  fine  Jind  pale.  Hind  win{;s  dark  fuscous,  with  pale  fringes.  Be- 
neath pale,  with  reddish  tinge,  irrorate ;  a  faint  common  mesial  line 
near  the  discal  dots,  which  are  small,  and  appear  to  be  empty  ;  on  pri- 
maries a  subterminal  shade." 

Expands  34-30""";  1,30-1.45  inches. 

Habitat.— California,  Vancouver. 

An  easily  recognized  species  of  which  I  have  seen  females  only.  It 
is  unlike  any  other  species  in  the  genua,  and  is  distinguished  by  the 
pale  median  and  heavily  powdered  basal  and  terminal  spaces. 


Adelphagrotis  vernilis  Grt. 

1879.  Grt.,  Can.  Ent.,  xi,  .^T,  JfirotiH. 
18T1>.  (Jih,  X.  Am.  Ent.,  i,  W,  Aijrotis. 

TTead,  thorax,  and  primaries  dark  ash  gray,  veins  marked  with  black- 
ish; transverse  lines  obsolete;  a  black  basal  dash,  modilied  into  the  elon- 
gate clavifonn ;  orbicular  slightly  paler  gray ;  elongate  oval,  outlined  in 
bliick;  reniform  moderate  in  size,  kidney-shaped  ;  secondaries  blackish; 
beneath,  tlie  usual  lines  and  spots  are  nearly  obsolete. 

Expanii>  37"'"';  1.5  inches. 

Habitat. — Colorado,  Xevada. 

Easily  distinguished  by  the  simplicity  of  its  maculation  ;  a  single  9 
is  in  Mr.  Neumoegen's  collection  and  I  have  noi  seen  a  <5  . 

Mr.  Grote's  original  description  isdilfuse  and  coJiiparative  with  albalis 
and  other  species  which  differ  stru(;tually  from  the  present;  it  is  there- 
fore not  reproduced  here,  the  above  being  suflicieiit  to  distinguish  it 
from  .ill  its  associates. 

Adelphagrotis  infimatis  Grt. 

1880,  Grt.,  N.  Am.  Ent.,  i,  m,  A;/roU». 

Pale  ash  gray,  costal  space  for  half  the  distance  to  apex  whitish,  that 
color  invading  the  elongate,  narrow,  open  orbicular;  a  diffuse  black 
basal  dash,  above  sharply  limited  by  the  costal  white  space,  medially 
extended  to  outline  the  narrow  pale  clavitbrm,  and  curving  superiorly 
to  form  the  lower  boundary  of  the  orbi(!nlar ;  reniform  narrow,  darker, 
lunate;  t.  p.  line  indicated  by  a  double  series  of  veinilar  dots,  a  diffuse, 
darker  gray,  longitudinal  median  shade,  and  a  triangular  darker  paUdi 
at  internal  angle,  the  base  of  which  rests  on  outer  margin;  abdomen 
and  secondaries  whitish  ;  beneath  as  usual,  save  that  the  extra  discal 
line  is  unusually  creinilate. 


REVISION   OP   SPKCIES   OF   TIIK   GENUS   AOROTIS. 


43 


Expands  37""";  l./ji  iuclies. 

Habitat. — California,  Washington. 

Easily  distinguishod  from  tlio  preceding  with  which  only  it  is  likely 
to  ho  confounded,  by  the  chsimcters  previously  pointed  out.  The  collar 
is  Mack  lined. 


Genus  PLATAOROTIS  Sinitli. 

Anterior  tibia  una /nied,  front  smooth,  6  antenuio  simple,  ciliate,  ab- 
domen conic;  thorax  comparatively  slight,  vestiture  rather  long  and 
somewhat  divergent,  no  distinct  tuftings;  primaries:  trigonate,  ample, 
with  moderately  convex  or  nearly  straight  costal  margin ;  apex  some- 
what produced  or  rectangular. 

The  maculation  in  all  the  species  is  distinct,  all  the  normal  markings 
being  present.    The  colors  are  various  shades  of  gray  to  black,  imperita 
only  having  a  distinct  brownish  tint  and  a  reddish  shade  over  the  rent- 
I'orm,  which  is  characteristic ;  the  species  are  all  of  good  size  and  rather 
easily  distinguished,  not  only  by  the  maculation  but  by  the  S  genitalia 
which  are  different  in  each  examined  species.    Spcciosa  is  largest  and 
rather  the  slightest  of  the  species,  showing  indeed  so  little  of  the  typical 
Hfjrotid  appearance  that  Mr.  Morrison  was  excusable  for  not  at  once 
ncognizing  the  species  .as  belonging  to  this  genus.    The  color  is  a  d.ark 
somewhat  smoky  gray  and  the  maculation  is  white;  the  $  genitalia 
consists  of  broad  harpes  rounded  at  tip  and  with  an  obtuse  inferior  pro- 
joction  enveloping  the  lower  branch  of  the  bifid  clasper;  the  clasper  is 
stout  and  corneous,  attached  to  the  hfirpes,  and  with  two  very  unequal 
branches;  the  inferior  is  short,  thick,  obtuse,  straight;  the  superior  is 
much  longer,  stout,  and  slightly  curved.    Presm  is  a  smaller  species 
miuih  paler  in  color,  comparatively  less  robust,  the  maculation  dark;  the 
liarpes  of  the  male  are  rather  long  and  broad,  the  tip  evenly  rounded, 
and  .as  in  the  preceding  species  furnished  inwardlj'  with  a  row  of  spin- 
ules  ;  the  clasper  is  free  from  the  harpes,  but  is  very  small ;  interiorly 
tlie  angle  is  rectangular,  superiorly  there  is  but  a  short  linger-like  pro- 
jection.    TrnhaUs  is  a  slightly  larger  form  than  prcHna,  as  pale  in  color, 
and  distinguished  by  the  large  whitish  ordinary  spots  and  a  yellowish- 
brown  shade  through  s.  t.  space;  of  this  species  I  have  seen  no  $  ,  but 
probably  the  genitalia  are  much  as  in  the  following  species.    Imperita 
is  easily  distinguished  from  .all  the  others  in  the  group  by  the  brownish 
tint  and  reddish  shade  over  the  reniform  ;  the  $  genitalia  are  peculiar 
in  the  shape  of  the  harpes,  which  are  heavier  than  usual  aiul  emarginato 
at  tip,  the  upper  finger  of  the  emargination  being  decidedly  the  longest; 
the  clasper  is  free,  in  general  shape  like  speciom,  but  the  branches  are 
more  equal,  the  inferior  longer,  and  the  superior  shorter  and  less  curved 
tlian  in  spcciosn.     Sincera  is  an  even  pale  gray  form,  somewhat  irrorato 
with  black,  the  transverse  lines  rather  broad,  very  distinct ;  s.  t.  lino 
preceded  by  sagittate  black  dashes ;  the  $  genit.alia  are  almost  precjiaely 
like  those  of  imperita. 


'.ml 


r  ti:  ' 


44  BULLKTIN   :J8,    UNITED    STATKS    NATIONAL    MUSKUM. 

The  following  table  will  aid  in  separating  the  species: 

Larypst. ;  aj»i^x  distinctly  jJi-odnctMl;  color,  dark  yray  to  hlackiMli ;  traiisvi^rHt'  liiicH, 

contrasting  white si'Kciosa. 

Sniallc^r;  i>riniaricH  with  a  ycllowisli  tint;  transvcr.so  inaoiilatioii,  dark prkssa. 

Api'x  of  ])rirnarita,  rectangular;  wings,  nioro  abruptly  widening  at  haso. 

Ordinary  spots,  whitish;  s.  t.  space,  yellowish  brown;  s.  t.  lino  not  preceded  by 

Bagittato  daslms TUAnAUs. 

Orbicular  whitish,  rcniform  dusky  ;  even  gray,  linos  very  distinct;  s.  t.  lino  pre- 
ceded '  y  black  sagittate  dashes sinckua. 

Orbicular  sufl'uaed  with  reddish;  s.  t.  space  very  narrow,  gray impkuita. 

Platagrotis  speciosa  Ilbn. 

1815.  Ilubn.,  Lcp.  Eur.  Noct.,  491,  NorAna. 

IHU).  Hubn.,  Ver/eichniss,  '^18,  Enrois. 

ISiVi.  Gn.,  Sp.  Gen.  Noct.,  il,  80,  Aplecla. 

Ir^tjti.  Moe.schl.,  Wieu.  Eut.  Monatschr.  viii,  I'J'.I,  AijroHH. 

188;{.  Moeschl.,  Stett.  Eut.  Zeit.,  14,  117,  .{(jrotis. 

pcrqnirila  Morr. 
1874.  Morr.  Proc.  Bost.  Roc.  Nat.  Hist.,  17,  1:5(1,  Polia. 
1880.  Grt.,  Bull.  Bkln.  Eut.  Soc,  iii,  :{7,  pr.  syn. 

hiilefiana  Grt. 

1879.  Grt.,  N.  Am.  Ent.,  i,  92,  .'iyrotis. 

1880.  Grt.  Can.  Ent.,  xii,  185,  per  syn. 

1880.  Grt.,  Bull.  Bkln.. Ent.  Soc,  iii,  :\7,  i»or  syn. 

iiiijrta  Wlk. 
18.')G.  Wlk.,  C.  B.  Mus.  T.ep.,  ix.  C,2,  Acroni/eta. 
188-2.  Grt.,  111.  Essay,  :«>,  pr.  .syn. 

var.     AI5CTICA  Zett. 
18:!9.  Zett.,  Ins.  Lapl.,  3:59. 
18(14.  Wlk.,  Stett.  Eut.  Z.it.,  180,  pr.  var. 

Dark  gray  to  blackish,  soniowhat  powdery.  Transverse  lines  all  dis- 
tinct, accompanied  by  a  broad  white  shade.  Basal  line  distinct;  t.  a. 
line  outwardly  oblique,  irregular.  T.  p.  line  creiudate,  nearlj'  parallel 
with  outer  margin.  S.  t.  line  narrow,  even,  in  pale  specimens  obsolete, 
marked  by  a  row  of  variably  sized  black  spots.  Claviform  small,  con- 
colorous,  outlined  in  black;  orbicular  large,  rather  oblique,  oblong, 
whitish  powdered  with  ground  color;  reniform  moderate,  coiicolorous 
annulate  with  white.  Thorax  mixed  with  considerable  white.  Second- 
aries dirty,  somewhat  yellowish  gray.  Beneath  powdery  with  a  dis- 
tinct irregular  common  line  and  discal  lunule.  The  latter  more  dis- 
tinct on  secondaries. 

Expan<ls  40""";  1.75  inches. 

Habitat. — Mountainous  districts  of  Europe,  Canada,  Adirondacks, 
White  Mountains,  Vermont. 

This  is  a  very  peculiar  si)ecies  for  an  Afjrotis,  and,  though  so  well 
marked  'is  rich  in  synojiym.s.  Arctica  is  a|»plied  to  the  dark,  eveidy 
colored  forms  in  which  the  white  shades  are  narrow,  and  the  ordimiry 
spots  somewhat  reduced  in  size. 


It 

spec 


REVISION    OF    SPECIES    OP   THE    GENUS    AUKOTIS. 


45 


riirso  liiicN, 

..Sl'KCIOSA. 
PRKSSA. 

irceedod  by 

-TUAIIAUS. 

t.  lints  prt'- 

..SINCKUA. 
.IMnCUITA. 


s  all  dis- 

ict ;  t.  a. 
parallel 

obsolete, 
all,  con- 
oblong, 

colorous 
Second- 
I  a  (lis- 

lore  «lis- 


)n(lacks, 

so  well 
,  evenly 
)rdiijary 


It  lias  been  received  from  Labrador,  and  is  one  of  the  circnnipolar 
species  extendinj.^  .south  to  the  mountains  of  nortliern  New  York. 

Platagrotis  preasa  Grt. 

1874.  Grt.,  Trans.  Am.,  Eut.  Soc,  v,  '.JO,  Eiiroia. 

1875.  Grt.,  ChecU-LLst,  pi.  1,  f.  7,  Euroi». 

"  *  *  *  The  middle  and  hind  tibi;e  are  spinose.  Tiie  antennse  sim- 
])le,  scaled  above,  and  setose  beneath,  not  brnshlike  in  the  male.  Tiie 
color  is  a  dusky  gray,  and  the  species  shows  an  alllnity  with  E.  herhida 
Iprasina]  by  the  i)rimaries  beinj^  more  or  less  shaded  with  green, 
jirincipally  from  the  base  outwardly  over  the  reniform,  and  along  the 
submedian  interspace.  Orbicular  large,  round,  ol>li(iue,  black  ringed, 
with  pale  center  and  an  internal  anuulus;  the  di.scal  sjiace  around  the 
sjjot  and  before  the  reniform  is  more  or  less  noticeably  tilled  in  with 
black.  Keniibrm  also  i)ale,  with  fainter  internal  ringlets,  black  ringed, 
wi'll  sized.  Tlie  transverse  lines  are  obsoletely  geminate,  tilled  in  with 
w  liite  and  this  tilling  in  rather  strikes  tiie  eye  and  .seems  to  be  char- 
acteristic. The  claviform  is  large,  its  upper  black  edge  apjtears  as  a 
black  arcuate  line  below  the  median  vein,  its  lower  edge  is  indistinct. 
The  subterminal  line  is  more  or  less  obviously  preceded  by  black 
.shade  dashes,  usiuiUy  determinate  in  pairs  on  subuiedian  fold,  between 
veiu.s4  and  0  and  again  subcostally ;  a  dentate  black  terminal  line 
tletinesthe  uneven  margin  of  the  wing;  fringes  gniy.  Uind  wings 
very  pale,  shaded  with  fuscous  terminally,  with  an  irregidar  faint 
median  fuscous  lino  aud  black  terminal  linear  edging;  fringe's  whitish. 
Beneath  very  pale,  subirrorato  aud  shaded  with  fuscous,  with  a  com- 
mon line  aud  discal  marks.  Palj)!  with  the  terminal  joint  white,  the 
second  black  on  the  sides.  Head  whitish;  thorax  mixed  with  black. 
Abdomen  weak,  untufted." 

Expands  34-30""".;  1.30-1.44:  inches. 

Habitat. — Canada,  Northern,  Eastern  and  Western  States.  This 
species,  though  widely  distributed,  is  not  common,  single  speciuMMis 
only  being  received.  The  differences  separating  it  from  spcciom  i-  v  u 
been  already  pointed  out;  the  smaller  size  and  paler  color  are  the  most 
obvious  features. 

Platagrotis  trabalis  Grt. 

1877.  Grt.,  Cau.  Eut.,  ix,  1U8,  Ayrotia. 

"Whitish  gray,  with  large  stigmata  and  bright  brown  contrasting 
subterminal  space.  A  basal  black  dash,  a  .second  above  it  on  the  cell, 
l)ofore  the  orbicular,  which  latter  is  near  the  t.  a.  line,  inaugurated 
above  it  on  costa  by  two  black  lines  rather  wide  apart,  with  white  in- 
cluded space.  Below  the  t.  a.  lino  is  twice  waved  to  internal  margin. 
Ba.sal  space  whitish;  basal  line  indicated.    Sub-basal  space  dark  gray, 


I'" 

I    Ml 

I!      J*"" 
K      »} 

Ui 

,tii.: 


4G 


lUJI.hKTlN    :{S,    IJNITKI)    STATKS    NATIONAL    MUSKUM. 


btigmatii  concolorous,  ringed  with  black,  very  large.  Ciavirorm  in- 
cuiiiplete;  orhicMilar  a  little  11atteiie<l,  ovate;  reiiit'orm  moderately  ex- 
cavate. T.  i>.  line  narrow,  geminate,  regularly  and  slightly  scallo}»ed, 
with  a  deei>er  incision  opjmsite  the  cell.  Siihterminal  .space  rather 
wide,  bright  brown  ;  s,  t.  line  faint,  jmle;  terminal  .space  rather  narrow, 
dark  gray.  A  dentate  black,  continuous  terminal  line.  Hind  wings 
pale  gray,  fu.scous,  with  pale  fringes  touched  with  blackish  at  extrem- 
ity of  veins;  a  black  terminal  line.  Beneath  pale,  powdereil  with  dark 
scales;  an  indistinct  conwucn  outer  line;  discal  lunule  tilUMl  in  and 
prominent  on  hindwings,  empty  on  primaries.  Alulomen  pale;  thorax 
gray,  darker  shaded  on  teguhe.  Second  jialpal  joint  outwanlly  black. 
Front  white  inferiorly  below  a  frontal  black  line.  The  collar  has  no 
transverse  black  line,  but  it>  tipped  with  a  darker  shade.'' 

"A  second  sp'^dmeti  •  #  »  ]^r^^  ti^  v,ings  more  ob.scure,  the 
brown  subterminal  improminent.  In  the  type  there  is  merely  a  black 
line  inferiorly  connecting  the  stigmata  along  the  median  vein.  In  the 
Can.idian  specimen  the  orbicular  and  reniform  are  also  connected  supe- 
riorly with  a  black  line.  The  lunate  discal  mark  beneath  on  himl 
wings,  distinct  and  largo;  on  the  primaries  empty  in  both  specimens. 
The  common  exterior  shade  line  ou  the  primaries  is  even,  ou  hind  wiug^ 
irregular." 

Ex|)and8  39-42""";  1.50-1.08  inches. 

Habitat. — Massachusetts,  Canada,  "Middle  and  Eastern  States." 

Easily  distingui.shed  by  the  unusually  large  and  pale  ordinary  spots. 
It  seems  rare,  though  I  have  received  it  a  nnnd)er  of  times  for  identi- 
Ucation.  Mr.  Thaxter  found  the  cocoon  from  which  the  type  emerged 
nii'-er  pine  bark  in  April,  when  the  larva  had  not  yet  become  pupa. 
The  oocoon  was  tough,  noc  unlike  that  of  Ceruru.  Larva  dull  white, 
with  )lackish  markings. 


Platagrotis  sincera  II.  Sch. 


1S81.  II.  Sell.,  Eur.,  Scliiiiott,  II,  AVi,  Aijiolis. 

Kather  even  gray,  somewhat  irrorate  with  black.  Median  line  very 
distinct,  single.  T.  a.  line  with  a  single  outward  curve  from  s;osta  to  vein 
1,  and  a  small  curve  thence  to  hiud  margin.  T.  p.  line  lunulate,  out- 
wardly curved  to  vein  3,  then  inward  to  inner  margin;  the  curves  more 
distinct  than  in  imbalis,  its  uear  ally.  S.  t.  line  even,  concolorous, 
marked  by  a  row  of  preceding  sagittate  spots.  A  row  of  terniinal  lu- 
uules.  Claviform  small,  narrow,  black  uuirked.  Orbicular  large  round, 
whitish,  reniform  rather  narrow,  dusky,  touching  the  orbicular.  Sec- 
ondaries pale  fuscous,  marked  by  a  faint  double  exterior  line.  Be- 
neath powdery,  a.  distinct  dusky  transverse  liue  and  discal  lunule. 
Head  and  thorax  concolorous. 

Expands  39" "" ;  1.5  inches. 

Habitat.— Labrador. 


M. 


REVISION    OF    Sl'KL'IK.S    OI'    THK    GKM  .S    AGIiOTKS. 


47 


ivifui'iii  iii- 
(•ratf  ly  ex- 
Kcallo]K*il, 
iu;e  rather 
or  narrow, 
lirid  \vii!i;;.s 
at  extrem- 
witli  (lark 
t-<I  ill  and 
lo;  thorax 
(lly  black, 
iar  has  iiu 

scare,  the 
ly  a  black 
u.  Ill  the 
cted  supe- 
1  on  hind 
ipecinieiis. 
ind  wiiij:^ 


States." 
ary  spots, 
for  identi- 
euier^^ed 
nie  pupa, 
uil  white. 


line  very 
ta  to  vein 
ate,  out- 
vt's  more 
colorous, 
ininal  lu- 
^e  round, 
ar.    Sce- 
ne.   Be- 
i  luuule. 


To  Mr.  Moescliler  I  owe  a  specimen  of  this  species,  and  it  is  uj)on  his 
authority  that  1  ha\e  iiicliideil  llic  species  as  American.  It  is  per- 
fectly distinct  from  any  other  Anierican  form. 

Flatagrotis  inipeiita  Iliiliii. 

182:}.   lliiliii.,  Ziitr;i«'^'<'.  JJT.  11-.  Oy//,/i,i. 
ll*:<().  Kit.,  C'iiii.  ihit.,  MI.  11-,  .[•jrotli. 

cumparatu  Mnesclil. 
18<j-_*.  MocNflil.,  Wicii.  Eiit.  Moil.,  VI,  l:!l  ;   pi.  1,  t'.  .0,  AijntUn. 

muojcua  Murr. 
1874.  Moir.,  i'roc.  Ho.-it.  Skc,  N  II.,  17,  lOJ,  AijioHh. 

Dark,  somewhat  fuscous  or  reddish  brown,  more  or  less  irrorate  with 
j?ray  scales.  Transverse  lines  darker,  accomi)anied  by  gray  shades. 
T.  a.  line  rather  even,  outwardly  oblique;  t.  p.  line  as  in  trabulia  but 
less  distinct  and  much  nearer  the  s.  t.  line.  The  latter  is  dark,  broad, 
and  irregular.  iS.  t.  space  strongly  irrorate  with  gray.  Ordinary  siiots 
large;  orbicular  gray,  reniform  discolorous  reddish.  Claviform  small, 
outlined  in  black.  Secondaries  smoky  fuscous,  lieiieath  as  in  the  lue- 
ceding  species  but  much  darker.  Thorax  coiicoIovmus  with  primaries, 
collar  tipped  with  white. 

Expands  37""";  1.5  inches. 

IlAiiiTAT. — Labrador  and  mountains  of  Northeru  and  Eastern  States. 

This  is  an  easily  recognized  species,  the  characters  of  which  have 
been  already  fully  given.  It  is  not  common.  The  generic  term  Oyijyla 
may  have  to  replace  riutajrotis  if  the  type  of  Oyyyia  is  miiwUiij  of 
which  I  am  uoL  sure. 

Genus  EUERETAGROTIS  Smith. 

Fore  tibia  unarmed.  Head  moderate,  rather  small,  front  subequal. 
Antenna!  simple  in  ?  ,  slightly  serrate,  and  linely  ciliate  in  the  i  . 
Thorax  with  a  distinct  divided  crest,  more  prominent,  and  forming  dis- 
tinct apical  and  basal  tufts.  Collar  slightly  produced  at  middle.  Pri- 
maries wide,  costa  distinctly  arched,  outer  margin  obliquely  rounded. 
The  ordinary  spots  are  normal. 

The  genitalia  of  the  i  are  after  one  general  type.  The  harpes  are 
superiorly  prolonged,  terminating  acutely;  in  siyinoides,  rather  evenly 
tlilating  backward  and  somewhat  twisted;  in  perattenta  the  upper 
margin  is  tolerably  straight,  the  inferior  margin  very  irregular.  Both 
forms  are  provided  with  a  long  corneous  curved  hook  or  clasper. 

In  wing  form  and  in  the  type  of  i  genitalia  this  group  is  allied  i)er- 
liaps  most  nearly  to  the  bmlicollis  section. 

Three  species  are  contained  in  it  which  are  easily  separated.  Sig- 
moidi'S  and  pcraltcnta  have  the  cell  between  the  ordinary  spots  black; 
nttenta  is  without  this  peculiarity,  and  the  transverse  lines  tend  to  be- 
come obsolete.  Of  the  first  two,  tiir/moidcs  is  distinguished  by  its  larger 
size  and  the  prominent  discolorous  tuftings  of  ihorax. 

The  species  are  all  eastern,  and  rather  northern,  and  are  not  rare. 


iti' 


II  >• 


(iH 


M 


[• 


1"' 


48 


liULLETIX    ;{8,    UNITED   STATES    NATIONAL    tfUSliaM. 


'Ill  III 

III  III 
■II  III 

nil 


Eueretagrotis  sigmoides  On. 

1852.  Gn.,  Sp.  Oi  ii.  Noct.,  i,  •.i-i'>,  yottuii. 

I80G.  Wlk.,  Cat.  15.  Mum.  Hct.,  x,  400,  Uraphiphora. 

Ground  color  siuok^  browu ;  costa  to  t.  p.  line,  snul  Jii)ex  paler,  yellow- 
isli.  Cell  before  and  between  the  ordinary  spots,  black ;  a  black  bavsal 
dash.  T.  a.  line  outwardly  oblique,  dentate,  geminate,  black,  included 
space  yellowisb.  T.  p.  line  taintly  geminate,  lunulate,  interrupted, 
slightly  sinuate  inwardly,  with  pale  included  shade.  S.  t.  line  pale,  ir- 
regular; inwardly  marked  at  ccata  by  a  blackish  patch.  A  row  of  black 
terminal  lunate  dots,  oiaviform  concolorous,  evidently  outlined  in 
black.  Ordinary  spots  concolorous,  black  ringed ;  orbicular  rounded, 
renifoi  in  kidney-shaped.  Secondaries  even,  fuscous.  Thorax,  patagiic 
concolorous,  lined  with  blackish ;  collar  rich  dark  brown ;  disc  of  thorax 
pale,  contrasting  reddish  ysllow.  Abdomen  yellowish  gray.  Beneath, 
powdery  reddish  fu.scous, primaries  with  disc  daiker;  both  wings  with  a 
darker  extra  discal  transverse  line,  and  a  large  lunate  discal  spot. 

Expands  35-W"";  l.lO-l.GO  inches. 

Habitat. — New  York,  Pennsylvania,  New  Jersey,  Northern,  Aliddle, 
and  Eastern  Staies,  Canada. 

The  species  m  not  rare,  and  is  readily  known  by,  the  prcninent  tho- 
racic tufting,  which  is  discolorous,  yellowish. 

Im  badly  rubbed  specimen.s  tliere  is  sometimes  doubt  between  this 
species  and  pcmttenla,  but  not  when  the  specimens  are  in  anything  like 
decent  condition. 


Eueretagrotis  peratteiita  Grt. 

1671.  Grt.,  Can.  Eiii.,  vi,  i:il,  Aiji-otia. 
163-J.  Grt.,  111.  E.s.say,  51,  pi.  1,  i".  7,  AijroHx. 

"  Color  of  .^l.  al'cntus,  but  brighter,  rosy  brown  and  moro  like  trian- 
<julum,  'Ml  account  of  the  discal  held  befor'3  the  orbicidar  and  between 
the  spots  being  suffused  with  dark  brown  shading.  Orbicular  spherical 
pale  ;  claviform  indicated  in  outline  ;  a  deep  brown  shading  accompanies 
the  basal  dash,  llenilbrm  large  and  wider  than  in  (rianyidum.  Ordi- 
nary lines  distinct,  geminate,  dark  browu;  t.  p.  line  with  its  inner 
line  distinct,  luuuhiwe;  its  outer  line  lost  against  the  darker  browu 
subterminai  space,  which  is  dilVerenti;.ted  by  its  deeper  color  and  which 
it  inwardly  limits.  Subterminai  line  indicated  by  the  difference  in 
color  between  the  subterminai  and  terminal  spaces,  the  latter  concolo- 
rous with  the  rest  of  the  wing.  Ilind  wings  pale  testaceous  fuscous 
In  S  ,  more  fuscous  in  9  .  Beneath,  a  common  fuscous  line  and  dots  ; 
the  tint  is  testaceous  with  fuscous  powderings;  fore  wings  the  darker, 
with  ruddy  costal  edge." 

Expands  3L*-;{()""";  1.28-1.44  inches. 

llAiHTAT. — Canada,  Maine,  Massatjhusetts,  New  York,  New  Jersey, 
jiiul  tho  Nui'thcru  wud  Eastern  United  States, 


KI-:VISION    OF   Sl'KCIliS   OF   TlIK    GENUS    AGROTIS. 


49 


Distiiij^iiished  from  siymoidcN  hy  thi':  tlioiacic  tuftiii};  wliicli,  while 
cvuk'nt,  is  not  discolofous,  by  tli':  concoloroas  costa,  the  soinewhiit 
ilarker  .s.  t.  space  as  compared  with  tiie  rest  of  the  wing  ;  the  more  evid- 
ent lyoiitcurved  t.  p.  line  and  th(!  moreyeHowish  secondiiries.  It  is  not 
rare,  but  scarcely  a  common,  species.  The  genitalia  have  been  already 
described. 

Eueietagiotis  attenta  Grt. 

1"<71.  (irt.,  Ciui.  Eut.,  VI.  i;il,  Agrolia. 

u#  #  #  Fore  wings  pulverulent  brown,  paler  over  the  costal  region, 
on  which  tin')  incejjtion  of  the  geminate  lines  are  marked  in  dark 
liiown.  TJHio  is  a  narrow  deep  brown  basal  ray  extending  to  the  den- 
tate indistinct  t.  a.  line.  Disc  not  sulfused  with  darker  brown  between 
ilie  ordinary  spots  wliich  are  moderate,  pale,  with  line  dark  aiuiuli. 
Orbicular  spherical,  complete,  not  i>ointed  interiorly  as  in  trianyidum. 
T.  p.  line  with  its  juile  center  alone  perceivable,  denticulated,  notched 
opposite  the  cell.  The  subtermnial  space  is  not  dillereniiated  bj'  any 
darker  tint;  the  iiubterminal  line  is  pale,  preceded  at  costa  by  a  very 
slightly  darker  brown  shade,  not  always  noticeable,  and  not  at  all  like 
the  determinate  mark  of  triam/ulum.  Male  hind  wings  almost  whitis'i ; 
female  darker.  Thorax  and  head  like  fore  wings.  lieneath  the  <>re 
wings  are  brown,  with  the  exterior  line  indicated;  hiiul  wings  with 
l)iown  costal  region,  else  pale,  with  faint  discal  spot  and  a  double 
siibterminal  line  marked  on  the  costal  region." 

Expands  34-;JG ;  l.y(J-l.45  inches. 

IlAUJTAT. — Canada,  New  York,  Maine;  Northern  and  Eastern  United 
States. 

This  is  most  nearly  Ulm  pcmttcnta,  but  lacks  the  black  filling  in  of 
oi'll.  The  costal  region  is  generally  pale  powdered,  at  least  basally, 
and  as  a  rule  the  species  is  lighter  in  color.  No  male  has  been  under 
ex;r.uinati()n. 


I,       !»« 


Genus  AB AGROTIS  Smitli. 

Anterior  tibiie  not  s[)inose;  antenna;  of  male  with  jomti  marked, 
laterally  furnished  with  bristly  tufts;  thorax  with  a  distinct  keel-like 
crest;  front  smooth ;  wii;gs  rather  short  and  broad,  subeipial,  very 
iiiiich  as  in  cupula  ;  palpi  witli  second  Joint  clavate,  third  joint  minute, 
forming,  with  the  frontal  vestiture,  a  short  snout. 

This  gei\us  is  very  distinctly  characterized,  and  is  a  peculiarly  inter- 
mediate or  synthetic  form.  In  wing  form,  palpal  structure,  and  general 
liabitus  t'lo  resemblance  to  Rhyncha<jrot\H  is  marked.  Unlike  that 
^enus  the  antenna'  of  the  <J  are  *'  brush  like,"  very  much  as  in  Carncades. 
From  the  latter  the  smooth  front  will  sullice  to  separate  it,  while  from 
all  other  allied  genera  it  is  distinguished  by  the  distinct,  not  divided, 
anterior  crest.  It  lias  a  casual  resemblance  to  Ghva  and  allied  forms, 
•  >Mt  is  not  depressed. 

li3G45— Bull.  38 4 


50 


BULLirriN  ;?«,  united  states  national  museum. 


nut"' 
III 


III  genital  structure  there  is  a  resemblance  to  cupUla,  which,  combined 
with  the  habital  resembhuico  to  c'/*2>/<im'tMj(t,  emphasizes  the  correctuess 
of  the  present  association. 

Only  a  singU)  sjjecies  is  so  far  known. 

Abagrotis  erratica  Suiith. 

lt!!t)i).  Smith  Traus.  Am.  Eiit.  Soc,  XVJI,  41,  Agrotia. 

General  color,  dull  ashen  graj'  to  brick  red,  smooth  and  dense  in 
ai)pearance.  Palpi  dark  at  side.  Head  and  thorax  immaculate.  Pri- 
maries very  evenly  clothed,  the  lines  not  much  darlier  and  not  promi- 
nently relieved.  Basal  line  indistinct  geminate.  T.  a.  line  geminate,  the 
lines  very  narrow,  faint,  outwardly  oblique,  not  very  much  angulated. 
T.  p.  line  rather  regularly  outcurved,  geminate,  inner  line  narrow, 
broken  below  vein  3;  outer  line  punctiform.  S.  t.  line  pale,  very 
slightly  less  so  than  ground  color,  relieved  by  a  dusky  i)receding  line, 
and  a  general  dusky  coloring  of  the  terminal  space,  its  course  very 
slightly  irregular.  In  the  reddish  forms  the  transverse  lines  are  almost 
entirely  obsolete.  Claviform  wanting.  Ordinary  spots  evenly  dark 
filled,  with  a  narrow  delining  line;  small  in  size.  Orbicular  slightly 
oval,  oblique,  I'cniforin,  rather  narrow,  upright,  very  slightly  constricted. 
Secondaries  glistening,  smoky  fuscous,  somewhat  paler  basally.  Be- 
neath pale  i)owder  '  fuscous,  with  a  darker  outer  line  and  discal  spot. 

Expands  .34-37""" ;  1.3G-1.50  inches. 

Hauitat. — Sierra  Nevada,  California  (McGlashan),  California  (Neu- 
moegen). 

Types  of  this  species  are  with  Messrs.  Edwards  and  Neumoegeu, 
and  also  in  the  collection  of  the  U.  S.  National  Museum. 


Genus  SEMIOPHORA  Stoiili. 

Anterior  tibia'  unarmed,  front  smooth;  antennte  of  male  lengthily  bi- 
peetinated. 

The  two  species  separated  under  the  above  term  agree  in  the  dark  red 
brown  color,  the  tendency  to  pale,  discolorous  ordinary  spots,  (►bsoles- 
cence  ot  transverse  lines,  and  in  structural  details  generally.  Yet 
withal  they  dillerhaiMtally  to  such  an  extent  that  their  structural  iden- 
tity has  been  overlooked. 

In  climatii  the  wings  are  trigonate,  broad  and  somewhat  produced  or 
at  least  rectangular  at  the  apex.  The  vestiture  consists  of  flattened 
hair  forming  no  evident  tults. 

In  Catherine  the  wings  are  proi)ortionately  narrower,  the  apex  more 
obtuse.  The  vestiture  is  longer,  more  hairy,  also  forming  no  obvious 
tufts. 

There  is  no^])articnlar  agreement  iti  the  genital  strncturo  of  the  male, 
and  as  has  been  suggested  no  very  strong  character  binds  the  species. 


I. 


IJEVISION   OF   SPECIES   OF    THE   CIENUS   ACiltOTIS. 


51 


combined 
)rrectues8 


deuse  in 
ate.  Pri- 
lot  prouii- 
)luate,  the 
mgulated. 
e  narrow, 
pale,  very 
^ding  line, 
Hirse  very 
ire  almost 
enly  dark 
ir  slightly 
)nstricted, 
ally.  Be- 
iscal  spot. 

nia  (Neu- 


piimoegeu, 


jgtUily  bi- 

e  dark  red 
i.  obsoles- 
lily.  Yet 
iiral  iden- 

oduced  or 
flattened 

pex  more 
B  obvious 

the  male, 
e  species. 


The  differences  between  the  two  species  have  been  already  indicated. 
EUmata  is  the  larger  and  is  rather  variable  in  npi)earance,  and  in  de- 
tails of  maculation,  leading  to  its  redescription  by  both  Messrs.  Grote 
and  Morrison. 

The  genus  Semiophora  is  adopted  on  Mr.  Butler's  suggestion  (Tr.  Ent. 
Soc,  Loud.  1881),  385)  that  the  elimata  of  Guenee  was  referable  to  it. 

Seniiophora  elimata  Gii. 

1852.  Gil.,  Sp.  Geii.  Noct.,  I,  :!;i:5,  Xocliia. 

185G.  Wlk.,  Cat.  ]\.  Mus.,  Noc,  x,  JUO,  Uniiihiphom. 

1880.  Grt.,  Bull.  Siirv.,  VI,  50tJ. 

hadicolliH  Grt. 
187."3.  Grt.,  Hull.  Biitl.  Soc.  Nat.  Sci.,  i,  1:{(J,  pi  4,  f,  18  Ammaconia, 
187.').  Grt.,  Can.  Knt.,  vii,  pi.  1,  f,  T-',  .tt/rotiH. 
1875.  Morr.,  Proc,  Ac.  N.  Sci.,  I'liil.,  27,  55,  Ayrolia, 

dUiicida  Morr. 
1875.  Morr.,  Proc.  Ac.  N.  Sci.,  Phil.,  27,  ^m,  Aijroth. 

1878.  Grt.,  Bull.  Siirv.,  iv,  170,  A<i)otin. 

1879.  Butl.,  TrauH.  Eat.  Soc,  Loud.,  Id-'J,  :{8."),  pr  syu. 
jaiiualin  Grt. 

1878  Grt.,  Bull.  Siirv.,  iv.  109,  Aymiis. 

Mr.  Grote's  translation  of  Guem'-e's  description  is  accurate,  and  is  as 
follows:  '' Fore  wings  pale  ashen,  much  mixed  with  i)ale  violaceous 
red,  all  the  lines  visible  of  the  former  (;olor,  preceded  and  separated  by 
shades  of  the  latter  tint,  especially  tlie  subterniijial  line  which  is  very 
sinuous  and  irreguhir;  the  t.  p.  line  is  denticulate;  the  t.  a.  line  forms 
three  largo  teeth,  all  marked  on  costa  by  a  deep  brov  mark.  The  two 
stigmtita  well  delined,  pale,  separated  interiorly  by  a  darii  line;  the 
orbicular  contiguous  to  the  t.  a.  line;  the  reniform  large  and  regu- 
lar, the  terminal  space  ashen.  Hind  wings  of  a  uniform  dark  gray, 
with  fringe  paler  and  more  reddish.  Beneath  the  fore  wings  are  red- 
dish. Autenuic  of  the  male  strongly  pectinate.  Female  larger  but 
similar." 

"  Expands  40"""." 

This  description  very  well  characterizes  »he  average  of  the  forms  of 
hadkolUs  Grt.,  where  the  transverse  lines  are  fairly  complete.  Mr. 
^Morrison  recognized  the  likeness  of  his  species,  dilucida,  but  considered 
it  as  distinct.  A  description  drawn  up  from  a  large  number  of  species 
is  as  follows : 

Head,  thorax,  and  prinniries  purplish  brown,  variably  powdered  with 
bluish  gray  scales,  which  are  sometimes  so  dense  that  the  color  apjtears 
an  even  pale  gray.  Secondaries  and  abdomen  pale  dull  fuscous,  often 
reddish,  especially  in  the  dibicUla  form.  Beneath,  warm  red  brown, 
base  and  disc  of  primaries  more  fuscous. 

Transverse  lines  tending  to  become  obsolete,  always,  however,  well 
marked  on  costa.  T.  a.  line  obliciuely  from  costa  over  orbicular,  then 
with  an  inward  curve  embracing  half  the  orbicular,  thence  with  two 


BKI 


A 


II- 


»l 
*  I 

I  *■■■ 

I    UJ.I 


52 


UULLKTIN   :$8,    UNITED    STATES    NATIONAL    MIJSKUM. 


111  Hill 

HI  mi  I 
iini, 

llli 


outward  sinuiitioiis  to  base.  T.  p.  line  v«iry  strongly  creimlate;  from 
costa  over  reniforin,  very  oblique  to  the  end  of  the  cell,  thence  inwardly 
and  evenly  rounded  to  inner  margin.  S.  t.  line  irregular,  indefinite, 
consisting  rather  of  a  shade  than  a  line,  often  defined  in  dark  forms  by 
the  paler  toiniinal  space.  The  ordinary  spots  vary  in  size  and  in  dis- 
tinctness; often  the  renifonn  is  disc«)lorous  gray  or  yellowish.  Some- 
times both  spots  are  distinctly  outlined  in  black,  and  occasionally  the 
space  between  is  darkei',  and  the  spots  are  inferiorly  connected  by  a 
black  line.    Collar  often  paler,  usually  concolorous. 

The  $  harpcs  are  rounded  at  the  tii),  and  interiorly-  a  corneous  claw- 
like  projection  is  formed.  The  clasper  is  a  siugle,  Ir-ig-curved,  corneous 
hook. 

Expands  ;JS- If)"" ' ;  l.lL'-l.SO  inches. 

Uauitat. — Maine  to  Georgia,  Canada. 

Kather  a  variable  species,  and  the  fii)ecimens  yet  so  much  alike  that 
the3'  are  instantaneously  recognized.  Three  of  the  varieties  have  been 
named  as  species.  Elimata  is  smaller,  usually  paler,  and  has  the  ordi- 
uary  spots  distinctly  outlined;  it  has  usually  also  the  collar  rather 
paler,  inclining  to  cinereous,  though  this  is  not  constant ;  (lilncida  Morr. 
is  larger,  usually  more  reddish,  the  markings  less  distinct,  often  obso- 
lete; janualis  (irt.  is  like  this,  but  the  renifonn  is  discolorous.  Among 
the  specimens  labeled  "types"  by  ]\Ir.  Morrison  as  many  of  the  jami- 
alis  as  of  the  other  form  are  found,  and  Mr.  Morrison  evulently  consid- 
ered the  forms  as  identical.  In  this  I  agree  with  him.  In  the  larger 
forms  the  collar  is  also  often  paler,  varying  from  brighter  red  to 
cinereous. 

(iuenee  describes  the  larva,  after  a  drawing  bj'  Abbot,  as  having 
nearly  the  same  colors  as  the  moth,  /.  <;.,  the  dorsal  and  subdorsal  region 
reddish,  the  lateral  ashen,  without  welldelined  lines,  and  only  showing 
some  slightly  darker  subdorsal  markings.  Head  ocher  yellow.  Collar 
dark  brown.  Feet  concolorous.  Pupa  light  red,  with  the  membrane 
covering  the  wings  mixed  with  greenish. 

According  to  Abbot's  lignre,  on  Olirysantiiemum. 

]\Ir.  Butler  has,  long  since  the  above  was  written,  positively  referred 
dilucida  to  dimata  as  a  synonym. 

Semiophoia  catheriiia  Grt. 

1S7».  (irt.,  Can.  Kiit.,  vi,  IKi,   Mulnla. 
l«7r).  (ill.,  Hull',  hull.,  1,1'Jl,  MdtHln. 
1^75.  (Jrt.,  Can.  Kiit.,  vii,  pi.  I  f  7,  Matuta. 
IriHO.  Git.,  (,'aii.  Kilt.,  xii,lt*7,  Ayrotin. 

mtiinl'cKlolahi8  Moit. 
l.>?74.  Moit.,  I'r.  Hiwt.  Soc.  N.  II.,  17,  17(i  AijroHs. 
li?80.  Grt.,  Can.  Eiit.,  xii,  1S7,  pr.  syn. 

"Dark  and  deep  red  brown;  the  fore  wings  are  brighter  colored  out- 
side of  the  t.  j>.  line,  and  at  the  base  below  tlie  median  vein.  Tlie 
median  transverse  lines  are  hardly  to  beiuado  out  against  the  blackish 


red 

regi 
stig 
sjiIk 
staii 
iiidii 
is  ai 
by  t 
as  ii 
line 

)IIU(^ 

neat 
discfi 
fore  ^ 
as  is 
Ex 


REVISION    OF    SPKC'IKS    OV   TIIH    GHNIIS    AGl.'OTIS. 


53 


llilVlllg 


'fcrred 


0(1  ont- 


red  brown  color  of  the  wing;  tlio  t.  j).  lino  is  soeii  to  be  single  and 
regiiliirly  interspaceally  scalloped  and  accented  on  the  nervnle.  The 
stigmata  contrast  by  their  gray  color ;  the  orbicular  well  sized, 
s]>herical ;  the  reniforni  proportionate  and  inclosing  a  blackish  inferior 
stain  as  in  allied  genera.  Tlie  subterminal  line  is  quite  distinct,  being 
indicated  by  a  line  of  powdery  grayish  scales  like  the  stigmata.  Tiiere 
is  an  extremely  fine  gray  wavy  terminal  line  before  the  margin,  formed 
l)y  the  outer  edging  of  the  deeper  tinted  marginal  line,  which  appears 
lis  interspaceal  points.  Frinf,es  light  brown,  cut  by  a  fine  darker  hair- 
line (preceded  by  a  pale  line)  without  the  middle.  Hind  wings  pale, 
inu(!h  soiled  with  fuscous  and  with  the  pale  ruddy  fringes.  Be- 
neath fuscous,  with  a  rufous  tinge,  both  wings  rather  dark,  with 
discal  marks  and  a  broad  vague,  common  shade  line.  Thorax  like 
fore  wings;  collar  above  with  indistinct  pale  e<lging  ;  palpal  tips  pale, 
as  is  the  front,  else  the  head  is  rufous." 

Expands  32-;54"""j  1.28-1.3()  inches. 

IlAiUTAT.— Canada,  New  Jersey,  Northern  and  Eastern  States. 

The  color  is  variable,  often  irrorate  with  gray,  otherwise  there  does 
not  seem  much  variation. 

The  male  harpes  are  gradually  attenuate  and  rounded  at  tip,  the 
clasper  is  stout,  strong,  single,  almost  re«!tangularly  bent,  and  very 
slightly  curved.  The  species  seems  rare  and  has  been  recorded  as 
taken  only  in  early  spring  (May). 

Genua  PACHNOBIA  On. 

Front  smooth,  rather  broad,  full ;  anterior  tibia  spinose,  somewhat 
more  heavily  armed  at  tip.  Tiie  vestiture  is  distinctly  and  lengthily 
liiiiry,  fine;  in  mlUarum  and  okalcnsis  forming  perceptible  divided 
MMterior  and  posterior  tuCts,  in  the  other  species  l«)ose,  divergent,  or  but 
iiidelinitely  bunched  into  a  basal  tuft.  Tiie  i  antenna',  are  variable, 
cither  simple,  serrate  or  i>e(;tinate.  The  juimaries  also  differ  somewhat 
in  form,  and  this  affords  a  basis  for  subdivision.  Tiie  -^  genitalia  are  de- 
cidedly variable,  in  no  two  si)eeies  e.\a<'tly  alike.  Fn.'u  the  other 
groups,  with  snutoth  front  and  spinose  (ore  tibia,  this  group  is  dis- 
tinguished by  the  long  hairy  vestiture  and  the  more  or  less  ferruginous 
cohu'.  Th(>  genus  I'acltxohia,  as  based  on  this  grouj),  is  fairly  well  dis- 
tinguisluMl  and  sh(»uld  be  aciiorded  geiu'iic  rank.  I^edeier  says:  Fore 
tibia,  unarmed,  head  retracted,  bombyciform,  habitus  of  Td'iiirampa, 
witii  a  sharp  crest  behind  collar.  None  of  the  species  agree  with  this 
diagnosis,  and  whether  the  other  species  (excei)t  varnca),  wliiidi  Lederer 
jilaces  in  the  genus,  agree:  with  it  or  not  is  unknown  to  inc.  I  retain 
iliefeiin,  however,  in  the  lioiie  that  it  will  prove  available.  The  body 
is  plump  in  snlicaniin  and  Dhikcnsis^  but  only  moderately  stout  in  the 
Italance  of  the  species.  The  majority  of  the  species  have  the  S 
iintenmi  strongly  biped iuate. 


SC9 


« 

i;  at  < 

',  ...  i 

I  «ti'.l 


54 


BULLETIN   38,    UNITKD   STATES   NATIONAL   MUSEUM. 


These  species  are  a^aiu  divided  according  to  wing  shape;  most  of 
them  having  the  costa  straight  or  somewhat  convex,  the  apices  not 
produced. 

Monochromatea  is  distinguished  hj  the  even,  parallel  transverse  lines, 
the  ordinary  spots  wanting.  The  typo  is  a  ^  ,  bnt  in  such  condition 
that  it  is  imi)ossible  to  get  at  the  genitalia  withoixt  great  risk  of  break- 
age. 

Manifesta  is  similar,  but  the  transverse  lines  are  not  parallel,  their 
course  normal ;  the  ordinary  spots  present  but  as  dark  indefined  ma 
cula.    The   $    genitalia  almost  i)recisely  like  the  typical  form  in  the 
murwnula  group. 

Ferriiginoides  is  somewhat  i)aler  in  color,  the  veins  darker  marked, 
the  ordinary  maculation  neatly  defined;  the  ordinary  spots  concolor- 
0U8.  The  genitalia  are  distinctive.  The  harpes  are  semi-corneous ;  the 
inferior  m.argin  thickened,  tapering  toward  the  tip,  and  terminating  in 
a  somewhat  blunt  point ;  the  clasper  arises  from  this  lower  rim,  is  long, 
corneous,  and  curved. 

In  the  other  species  of  the  section  the  costa  of  primaries  is  depressed, 
somewhat  more  so  just  belbre  apex,  causing  the  latter  to  appear  some- 
what drawn  out. 

Salicarum,  of  which  claviformis  and  oriUiana  are  synonyms  is  distin- 
guished by  the  very  distinct  velvety  dark  brown  claviform.    The   S 
harpes  are  rather  narrow,  corneous,  the  tip  abrupt  and  irregular.    The 
clasper  is  a  simple  short  corneous  hook  similar  to  that  in  manifesta. 

Olakcufiis  dill'ers  from  the  preceding  by  the  lack  of  claviform  and  by 
the  discolorous  gray  terminal  space.  The  S  genitalia  are  unknown  to 
me. 

Carnea  has  serrate  S  antenna,  thus  diflering  at  once  from  all  the 
preceding  species.  The  cell  is  .always  diirk,  relieving  the  usually  con- 
colorous  ordinary  spots  ;  tlic  t.  a.  lino  is  ol)li(pio,  even.  Cinerea  repre- 
sents a  form  of  this  species  suffused  wit1i  gray,  the  transverse  lines  very 
distinct. 

Wockei,  of  which  .scropulana  is  a  synonym,  differs  from  earuea  in  the 
form  of  the  t.  a.  liiui  whi(;h  is  very  strongly  dentate  on  costa  and  out 
wardly  bent  beneath  internal  vein.  The  $  antenna'  are  also  entirely 
simple  aiul  ciliate  merely.  In  the  form  of  the  genitalia  they  also  differ. 
Carnea  has  no  distinct  clasper,  but  modified  corneous  haipes,  curved, 
and  at  tip  furcate,  the  tines  unequal.  Woekci  has  distinct  broad 
harpes,  and  a  clasi)er  not  unlike  the  side  piecse  of  carnea,  the  fork  longer. 

Alaaht;  said  by  Mr.  (Irote  to  resemble  carnea,  really  belongs  with  his 
genus  Agrotophila,  and  is  an  ally  of  n:ontana.  It  is  a  very  distim  t 
species,  easily  recognized  by  tlie  yellow  claviform  which  crosses  the 
entire  median  space.  I  iuive  seen  but  one  specimen,  but  recognized  it 
immediately. 


M. 


e;  most  of 
ipices  not 


erse  lines, 
condition 
of  break- 

iillel,  their 
ifined  niii 
rm  in  tbo 

'.r  marked, 
I  concolor- 
leous;  the 
linating  in 
ni,  is  long, 

ilepressed, 
)ear  some- 

s  isdistin- 
I.    The  S 
iilar.    The 
nifesta. 
*m  and  by 
iknown  to 

3m  all  the 
mally  con- 
vea  repre 
lines  very 

•)<ea  in  the 
ii  and  out 
so  entirely 
also  differ. 
^s,  curved, 
net  broad 
jrk  longer. 
t;s  with  hi.s 
ry  distim  t 
jrosses  tlic 
jognized  it 


REVISION   OF    SPFX'IKS    OV   TIIH    GFNIJS    AGROTIS. 


65 


SYNOPSIS  Ol'  SrEClKS. 

Aotunna  i  distiiictly  bipectinate. 
Costa  convex  or  straight;  apices  of  primario.s  not  produced. 
Rust  red  brown  ;  ordinary  spots  obsolete;  niediiin    lines  Itroad,  enr%'ed,  parallel, 

single MONOCIIUOMATEA. 

More  intermixed  ^\itb  gray;  transverse  lines  not  parallel ;  ordinary  spots  pres- 
ent, small,  black,  iiuleiinite manifksta. 

Morolnteons;  transverse  lines  all  narrow,  distinet;  ordinary  spots  largo,  (!on- 

colorons,  neatly  outlined i.k.uiu'OINoidk.s, 

Costa  depressed,  concave;  apex  of  nrimaries  produced. 

Clavifomi  distinct,  dark  brown;    s.  t.  line  even,  pale;  terminal  si)aee  darker, 

Claviform  obsolete;  s.  t.  lino  uneven  ;  terminal  space  i>ale,  stetd  gray, 

OKAKICN.SIS. 

Antenna  d  serrate. 

Cell  black  between  ordinary  spots;  claviform  moderate  ;  transverse  lines  usually 

indistinct caunka. 

Antenna  ^  simple,  ciliate. 

T.  a.  lino  angulate  or  dentate  on  costa,  outwardly  bent  beneath  vein  l..\vi)CMii, 

Pachiiobia  monochromatea  Morr. 
1874.  Morr.  Proc.  Host.  Soc.  N.  IT.,  17,  IGn,  Agroils. 

Ferrugineous,  sprinkled  with  black  utom.s.  Transverse  lines  simple, 
broad,  subequal,  parallel,  approximate,  evenly  curved  outwardly.  S.  t. 
line  and  ordinary  spots  obsolete.  Secondaries  paler,  reddish  fuscous. 
Beneath  paler  with  ferruginous  scales,  an  incomplete  couimon  dark  liiu'. 
Head  and  thorax  concolorous. 

Expands  31""";  1.25  inches. 

Habitat.— Massachusetts. 

A  single  $  ,  the  type,  examined.  The  insect  is  very  easily  recognized 
by  the  simple  markings,  and  especially  the  parallel  median  lines.  It 
must  be  rare,  as  I  have  never  seen  any  other  specimens  and  have  heard 
of  none  taken.  , 

Pachnobia  manifesta  Morr. 

1870.  Morr.,  Pr.  Bost.  Soc,  N.  II.,  18,  110,  Agroth. 

Eed  to  ferruginous  brown,  more  or  less  irrorato  with  black  scales  ;  the 
transverse  lines  single,  dark,  well  deiined.  '.Jasal  lines  distinct.  T.  a. 
lino  $  upright,  thrice  waved  between  a\':..s,  ratlier  remote  from  base; 
?  much  more  even,  oblique.  T.  p.  Ii  le  neiirly  parallel  with  outer  mar- 
gin. S.  t.  lino  forming  the  beginning  of  a  slightly  paler  terminal  shade ; 
its  course  sinuate.  Claviform  obsolete ;  ordimiry  spots  dark  indelinite ; 
orbicular  punct'^orm ;  reniform  ovate  or  somewhat  lunate.  Seconda- 
ries fuscous.  Beneath  fuscoferruginous,  powdery  with  a  variably  dis- 
tinct commou  line.    Head  and  thorax  cone,olorous. 

Expands  31-34""" ;  1.25-1.35  inches. 

Uaiutat.— Long  Island,  New  York. 


6       It  • 

If    ..3||| 

UP 

I  «i .  I 


56 


BULLETIN    P.8,    UNITED    STATES    NATIONAL    MUSEUM. 


0^ 

■91111111 

I  mm 


The  types,  S  Jiud  9  are  before  me.  The  ditterence  between  tlie 
sexes  in  tbe  course  and  position  of  t.  a.  line  is  remarkable,  so  much  so 
that  did  tbe  same  variation,  in  addition  to  the  difference  in  ground 
color  exist  in  individuals  of  the  sanie  sex,  I  should  have  little  hesita- 
tion in  declaring  them  specifically  distinct.  There  is  no  other  species, 
however,  with  which  this  could  be  easily  confused,  for  none  have  the 
same  combination  of  structural  characters  combined  with  the  same  gen- 
eral style  of  maculation.  Mr.  Morrison  says  the  orbicular  is  sometimes 
absent,  but  the  presence  of  the  basal  and  course  of  the  transverse  lines 
■will  prevent  its  confusion  with  the  preceding. 

Fachnobia  ferniginoides  Sinitb,  sp.  uov. 

Rather  reddish  yellow,  hardly  ferruginous,  veins  marked  with  darker 
brown.  Transverse  lines  single ;  t.  a.  line  decidedly  oblique  outwardly, 
curved  between  veins;  t.  p.  line  very  evenly  curved  throughout  its 
course.  S.  t.  line  marked  by  a  preceding  darker  shade,  its  course 
even,  somewhat  less  oblique  than  outer  margin.  A  distinct  broad 
rather  even  transverse  shade  crosses  the  median  space  over  reniform. 
Claviform  faintly  outlined.  Ordinary  spots  distinctly  outlined ;  orbicu- 
lar large,  slightly  ovate  concolorous;  reniform  narrow,  kidney-shaped, 
somewhat  darkened  by  the  median  sh.ade.  Secondaries  dark ;  black- 
ish fuscous,  fringes  pale.  Beneath  powdered  with  rusty  red,  a  varia- 
bly distinct  common  line  and  discal  spot  also  ferruginous. 

Expands  33-35""" ;  1.30-1.40  int^hes. 

Habitat.— Montana,  "Blacl^  'Tills." 

In  the  S  the  maculation  is  less  distinct  than  in  the  9  .  In  the  latter 
sex  also  there  are  some  elongate  scales  intermixed  in  the  thoracic  vesti- 
ture,  which  are  entirely  wanting  in  the  S  .  The  species  is  very  dis- 
tinct from  anything  heretofore  described,  and  seems  in  some  way  to 
have  missed  description  by  me  in  1887,  when  the  form  was  llrst  charac- 
terized ;  how  this  hapi)ened  I  can  not  at  present  say,  as  I  have  no  opi)Dr- 
tunity  of  again  examining  my  type. 


onl.'i 
Tht 
incll 
ovei 
Out! 
t.  p. 
renil 
vers 
Chul 
stril 
Bend 
and 
graj 
EJ 
H. 
Cann 
Oi 
toco 
most 


Fachnobia  salicariim  Wlk. 

1857.  Wlk.,  C.  B.  Mus.  Itet.,  xi,  717,  IJydmcia. 
1882.  Grt.,  111.,  Essay,  42,  Paehnohia. 

orUUatia  Grt. 
1875.  Grt.,  C.-vn.  Eiit.,  vii,  l.')4,  Piwhnobia, 
187.'').  Grt.,  Can.  Eiit..,  vii,  227,  pi.  1,  f.  8  =  c/ac(/bmi«. 
1882.  Grt.,  111.  Es8!i.-,  42,  pr.  syu. 

clavij'ormia  Morr. 
1874.  Morr.,  Pr.  BoHt.  So(!.  N.  II.,  17,  1()2,    igiofh. 
187.'').  Morr.,  Pr.  Bost.  Soc.  N.  II.,  V-i,  115,  .///»v./m. 
1880.  Grt-.,  Bull.  Bklii.  Ent.  Soc,  ill,  M  =■- orilliana. 
1882,  Grt.,  111.  Essiiy,  42  =  salicnnm. 

Prevailing  color  red  or  rust  brown,  ground  color  with  a  yellow  tinge. 
Basal  lino  simple,  flue.    T.  a.  line  obsoletely  geminate,  outer  portion 


REVISION   OF   SPECIES   OF   THE   GENUS   AGROTIS. 


57 


I  Latter 
vesti- 


inge. 
irtion 


only  distinct,  fine,  distinctly  uuirked  on  costa,  its  conrse  evenly  ooiiqne. 
The  inferior  outer  portion  of  basal  si)ace  is  darker.  T.  p.  line  geminate, 
included  space  of  pale  ground  color;  its  course  sinuate,  widely  bent 
over  cell,  evenly  incurved  beneath.  S.  t.  line  broad  pale,  very  even. 
Outer  portion  of  s.  t.  space  shaded  with  i)ale  ground  color,  else  beyond 
t.  p.  line  darker  red  brown.  Orbicular  round,  moderate,  concolorous; 
reniform  normal,  well  sized,  somewhat  obscured  by  the  broad  trans- 
verse brown  shade  which  occupies  the  outer  third  of  median  space. 
Claviform  very  distinct  velvety  deep  brown,  forming  ut  once  the  most 
striking  characteristic  of  the  species.  Secondaries  reddish  fuscous. 
Beneath  pale,  strongly  powdered  with  rust  red;  a  common  outer  line 
and  discal  spot.  Thorax  concolorous.  Ilead  and  collar  dashed  with 
gray. 

Expands  SS-Sl'""';  1.32-1.3G  inches. 

Habitat. — Massachusetts,  Maine,  White  Mountains,  and  northward; 
Canada;  Uudson  Bay  territory. 

One  of  the  most  easily  recognizable  of  the  species.  There  is  nothing 
to  contlict  with  the  remarkabh^  deep  brown  claviform,  which  forms  the 
most  salient  feature  of  the  maculation. 

Pachnobia  okakensis  Pack. 

1867.  Pack.,  Pr.  Bost.  Soc.  N.  II.,  11,  :]H,  A,jrotis. 
187.'!).  Morr.,  PHycbe,  i,  40,  Aijrotis. 

Eather  pale  rust  red;  terminal  space  steel  gray;  from  tiie  basal  space 
along  the  costa  to  t.  p.  line  sprinkled  with  gray.  Transverse  lines 
single,  brown;  t.  a.  line  interrupted,  upright  or  slightly  oblijue;  t.  p. 
line  sinuate,  distinct ;  s.  t.  line  marked  by  the  contrasting  gra>  terminal 
space;  twice  outwardly  dentate,  then  sinuate.  OnUnary  spotx  large, 
irregular,  completely  pale  ringed.  Claviform  wanting.  Seirondaries 
brownish  gray  with  a  fuscous  discal  spot.  Bctuiath  powderetl  reddish 
gray  with  discal  spot  on  each  wing. 

Exp.*nds34""";  1.35  inches. 

Habitat. — Labrador,  Mount  Washington. 

The  type  is  in  the  Peabody  Museum  at  Salem,  and  is  badly  eaten. 
The  head  and  prothorax  are  entirely  gone,  and  the  body  is  a  mere  shell. 

The  wings  were  (June,  1884)  still  in  g-jod  condition.  The  insect  is 
easily  recognized  by  the  gray  terminal  space  and  the  irregular,  pale 
ringed  ordinary  spots.  The  above  descuiptiou  was  made  from  the  type 
and  I  have  never  seen  another  specimen. 

Now  in  Cambridge  at  the  Museum  of  Comparative  Zoology. 

Pachnobia  cariiea  'I'liiiul). 

1788.  TJmiib.,  Miis.  Nut.  Ac.  Ups.  Diss.,  72,  f.  I. 

18I(i.  Iliibu.,  Vcrz.,  21i-2,  Diamia. 

iHu'i.  Gii<!ii.,  Spec.  Gen.  Noct.,  I,  ;M*2,  I'aihnohia. 

18G0.  Moeschl.,  Wieu.  Ent.  Mouatsehr.,  iv,  l(i;5,  Pachnobia. 


la    Wtp 

in    atum 

It  ..iXS 

i:r^ 


^41 


58  BULLETIN   38,    UNITED   STATES   NATIONAL   MUSEUM. 

1856.  Wlk.,  C.  B.  MiiH.,  Hest.,  x,  415,  PaohmUa. 
187o.  Grt.,  Psyclie,  i,  77,  100,  Agroli». 

Ab.  CINKKKA  Stjjr. 
ISGl.  Stgr.,  Stett.  Ent.  Zeit.,  xxit,  360,  rachmbin. 

Rnst  red  to  deep-red  brown ;  cell  between  ordincary  spots  darker  to 
blackish.  Lines  often  more  or  less  obsolete ;  when  present  broad,  single, 
even.  T.  a.  line  unusually  remote  from  base,  e\'enly  oblique  outwardly ; 
t.  p.  line  very  near  to  outer  margin,  somewhat  denticnlate,  its  course 
sinuate;  s.  t.  line  indicated  only  by  the  boundary  of  the  slightly  paler 
terminal  space.  Claviform  represented  by  a  blackish  mark  representing 
some  portion  of  an  outline,  never  complete.  Orbicnl.ar  concolorons,  set 
into  the  dark  shading  of  cell,  open  superiorly.  Ileniform  moderate,  of 
normal  shape,  variably  complete.  Secondaries  reddish  fuscous ;  beneath 
reddish  powdery,  with  a  variably  distinct  common  line  and  discal  dot. 
Head  and  thorax  concolorous. 

Expands  32-34"""  j  1.30-1.35  inches. 

Habitat. — Labrador,  Lapland ;  circnmpolar. 

A  variable  species,  in  which  the  transverse  lines  .^re  usually  obsolete 
and  only  the  markings  in  the  cell  are  visible.  The  fiberration  cinera  is 
sufi'used  with  a  bluish-gray  tint,  and  the  transverse  lines  are  distinct. 


Pachnobia  Tvockei  Moeschl. 

1862.  Moeschl.,  Wien.  Ent.  Monatsclir.,  vi.  130,  pi.  1,  f.  1,  2,  Agrotia. 
1883.  Moeschl,,  Stett.  Ent.  Zeit.,  44,  117  (occurs  in  Asiaf). 
scropulana  Morr. 

1874.  Morr.,  Pr.  Bost.  Soc.  Nat.  Hist.,  17,  IGf),  Agrotia. 

1875,  Morr.,  Psyche,  i,  42,  Agrotis. 
1875.  Grt.,  Psyche,  i,  77 --cariiea. 
1875.  Morr.,  Psyche,  i,  85,  an  sp,  (list. 
1875.  Grt.,  Psyche,  i,  100=c«r«ert. 
1885.  Smith,  Ent.  Anier.,  i,  l4^wockei. 

1885.  Smith,  Stett.  Ent.  Zcsit.,  46, 223— irocAref. 

Rust  or  red-brown,  basal  and  terminal  space  paler,  grsiyish,  cell 
'larker,  blackish;  basal  line  distinct,  black,  followed  by  a  gray  shade, 
and  terminating  in  an  irregular  basal  dark  patfih.  T.  a.  line  preceded  by 
a  gray  shade,  a  distinct  acute  outward  tooth  on  subcostal  vein,  variable 
in  length,  then  rather  evenly  oblique  outwardly  to  vein  one,  beneath 
which  there  is  an  outward  curve  of  variable  length ;  t.  p.  line  rather 
even,  crenulate,  parallel  with  outer  margin ;  s.  t.  line  paler,  iregularly 
sinuate,  at  costa  marked  inwardly  by  a  large  brown  patch.  Claviform 
I)ale,  outlined  in  black,  very  variable  in  length ;  ordinary  spots  paler 
gray  or  concolorous.  Orbicular  variable,  usually  open  above,  sometimes 
V-shaped,  the  lower  angle  rouiuled  and  varying  to  the  typical  form  of 
scropulana  where  it  is  complete.  Reniforni  upright,  somewhat  con- 
stricted at  middle.  Secondaries  fuscous ;  beneath  essentially  as  in  the 
preceding  species;  collar  inferiorly  yellowish,  tipped  witii  brown. 

E.xpands  31-37"'"';  1.25-1.50  inches. 

Habitat. — Mount  Washington,  Labrador. 


REVISION    OF   SPRCIES   OF   THE    GENUS    AGROTIS 


59 


larker  to 
il,  single, 
twardlj' ; 
;»  course 
tly  paler 
esentiiiff 
irons,  set 
lerate,  of 
beneath 
iscal  dot. 


To  the  courtesy  of  Mr.  Moeschler  I  owe  iin  opportunity  of  comparing 
his  type  of  icockei  with  the  type  of  scropiilana^  received  from  Mr. 
Tepper.  They  are  utniuestionably  specifically  identical,  though  the 
types  are  apparently  the  extremes  of  the  species.  Other  specimens 
from  New  Hampshire  fill  the  gap  completely.  Mr.  Groto  was  entirely 
in  error  in  referring  scwpulnua  to  carnca.,  and  seems  never  to  have  been 
able  to  realize  the  distinction  between  them,  though  he  himself  pointed 
out  one  of  the  strong  characiters  offered  by  the  course  of  the  basal 
line.  The  antennal  differences  in  the  male  are  obvious,  .and  should  not 
have  escaped  notice.  Mr.  Mocschler's  species  scenjs  to  have  escaped 
recognition  heretofore,  and  it  is  due  to  a  liberal  scientific  spirit  on  the 
part  of  that  author  in  sending  me  the  specimens  that  I  have  been  able 
to  study  his  species. 


obsolete 
cinera  is 
istinct. 


ish,  cell 
ly  shade, 
ceded  by 
variable 
beneath 
le  rather 
egularly 
llaviform 
[)ts  paler 
)metimes 
1  form  of 
hat  con- 
as  in  the 
wn. 


Genus  SETAGROTIS  Smitli. 

All  the  tibife  spinose,  anterior  not  very  heavily  armed,  and  scarcely 
.abbreviated.  Front  smooth,  not  protuberant.  Antenuicwith  the  joints 
marked,  laterally  furnished  with  tufts  of  bristly  hair,  resembling  those 
of  Carneadcs\  but  scarcely  so  well  cleveloped.  The  vestiture  consists 
of  flattened  hair  and  scales,  forming  on  the  thorax  .an  indefinite,  ante- 
rior divided  crest.  The  palpi  are  short,  the  second  joint  very  broad  at 
tip,  terminal  joint  minute,  resembling  very  much  the  structure  in 
CHpida. 

In  antennal  structure  this  genus  tends  to  the  Carneades  series,  and 
furnishes  another  of  the  links  connecting  the  extremes  like  Carneades 
and  Hhynchaorotis.  It  resembles  the  latter  much  less  than  does  Jfta- 
yrotis,  adding  to  the  characters  of  the  latter,  spinose  fore  tibia?  and  a  dif- 
ferent wing  form. 

Two  species,  2>?«MfAoHs  and  conffrua,  nro  refer.able  here,  agreeing  in 
general  type  of  maculation,  yet  easily  distinguishable  by  a  large  series 
of  characters,  the  most  obvious  of  which  arc  the  bhuik  tipped  collar 
and  black  basal  dash  in  plamjronn^  while  in  congrua  the  collar  is  red- 
dish tipped,  and  there  is  no  basal  dash. 

Setagrotis  planifrons  Smith. 
IS'JO.  Smith,  Trans.  Am.  Ent.  Soc,  xvii,  \'i,  Agrotis. 

General  color  a  bluish  ash-gr.ay ;  sides  of  palpi  blackish ;  collar 
black  tipped;  thorax  immaculate.  Primaries  with  a  distinct  vinous 
red  shade  through  the  lower  half  of  the  wing,  less  marked  in  the  basal 
and  terminal  spaces.  Basal  line  single,  black,  strongly  dentate,  run- 
ning to  the  basal  dash.  T.  ,a.  line  single,  broader  on  costa  and  internal 
margin,  strongly  dentate  between  veins,  slightly  oblique  outwardly. 
T.  p.  line  broad,  distinct,  crenulate,  outwardly  curved  over  reniform, 
and  inwardly  sinuate  below,  the  curves  very  even  and  not  strong.  A 
broad,  dilVuse  mediaii  shade  crosses  the  reniform,  then  runs  par.allel 


■iun% 


JP 


,''H 


t 

r 

««! 

■:mn 

ma 

'W* 

tii" 

'■** 

<3' 

'k 
« 

6 

MM 
M 

St 

at 

R 

.a 

I 

X 

f 

i 

m.:  s 

1 

tirt 

I       Ki: 


CO 


HULLETIN    :!H,    UMTKD    RTATKS    NATIONAL    ML'SKUM. 


"'  "II 

% 


aiv'l  rather  close  to  t.  p.  li'i^,  «liirUtMiiii<j  tlie  iiHMli;iii  s|»iu;('!  Im'voihI,  to  tlie 
t.  p.  line.  S.  t.  space  becoming;  gradually  darker  to  tlie  s.  t.  line,  wliicli 
is  defined  and  limited  only  by  the  contrast  of  this  dark  shade  against 
the  concolorons  terminal  space.  A  row  of  black  terminal  lunnles.  A 
black  longitudinal  dash  at  base  extending  to  t.  a.  line.  Claviforni 
wanting.  Orbicular  concolorons,  black  ringed,  elongate,  the  en«ls 
drawn  out,  the  one  reaching  the  t.  a.  line,  the  other  to  the  reniform, 
wliicli  is  narrow,  lunate,  incompletely  <lelined,  darkened  by  the  trans- 
verse median  shade.  Secondaries  white,  veins  a  trifle  soiled,  and  with 
adirtj'  indefinitely  marked  outer  border.  IJeneath,  i)rimaries  fuscous, 
powdery,  pale  costally  where  the  outer  transverse  line  is  visible;  sec- 
oiularies  paler,  more  powdery,  with  outer  line  marked  across  costal 
space  only ;  a  distinct  discal  spot. 

Expands  34""" ;  1.3G  inches. 

IlAiUTAT. — Northwest  British  Columbia. 

A  very  handsome  species,  of  whicli  I  have  seen  only  a  single  speci- 
men from  iMr.  Neumoegen's  collection. 

Setagiotis  congrua  Sinitli. 
18H!».  Sniitli,  Trans.  Am.  Eiit.  Soc,  xvil,  4:!,  Aurotix. 

Ashen  gray,  ])alpi  dark  at  the  sides;  collar  with  a  narrow,  dark, 
transverse  line,  above  which  is  a  series  of  white  scales,  the  tip  of  collar 
marked  with  a  reddish,  almost  ferruginous  shade.  Thorax  immaculate. 
Primaries  with  a  somewhat  ferruginous  shade  extending  through  the 
middle  of  the  wing  into  the  s.  t.  space  and  tinting  that  S{)aci5  nearly  its 
full  length  ;  veins  sonunvhat  dark  marked.  JJasal  line  marked  on  costa 
oidy.  T.  a.  line  single,  marked  by  a  distinct  costal  spot,  from  which 
the  line  is  traceable  through  the  cell,  twice  dentate  in  this  course,  then 
not  again  visible,  except  as  r  curved  mark  below  the  internal  vein.  T. 
p.  line  traceable  for  its  entire  length,  single,  not  prominent,  rather  even, 
Avitli  little  outward  spurs  o'l  the  veins.  S.  t.  line  indelinite,  i)aler,  inter- 
rui)ted,  marked  by  the  slight  contrast  between  terminal  an<l  s.  t.  space 
created  by  the  rusty  tinging  of  the  latter.  A  ''ow  of  dusky  terminal 
lunules ;  no  basal  dash,  iioclaviform.  Orbicular  elongate,  black  ringed, 
«;onnected  with  the  reniform  by  a  short  spur  line;  reniform  incomplete, 
indefinite,  the  inner  outline  only  deliiied.  Secondaries  whiti.sh,  glisten- 
ing, with  the  veins  dusky  and  with  a  faint  discal  luiiule.  lieneath 
whitish,  powdery,  with  a  diffuse  outer  line  on  each  wing  visible  only 
across  the  costal  region. 

Expands  33'""';  1.3G  inches. 

Habitat. — Oregon. 

A  single  male  in  good  condition  is  before  me.  The  species  agrees 
perfectly  with  plani/rom  in  the  generic  characters,  and  is  closely  allied 

luaculation.     There  are  so  maiiv  dif- 


<pet 


type 


A 

I'roi 
Vest 
hlei; 

hUiUl 


ferential  characters,  however,  that  there  is  not  the  slightest  danger  of 
confusing  them. 


UEVISION    OF    Sl'KCIKS    OF    THE   GENUS   AOKOTIS. 


(11 


Oeuus  AOROTIS  Tv. 


|illlk'<l 
dif- 
ler  of 


Anterior  tibiio  spinose,  the  til>i!e  not  abbreviated,  si)ine.s  moderate. 
Front  smootii,  antenna' of  i  bipeittinateor  len^'tiiilyscnate  and  bri.stU'd. 
Vestitnre  moderately  close,  no  distinct  thoracic  tnft ;  primaries  varia- 
ble in  shape.  In  the  form  of  the  i  genitalia  iii>^ilon  and  (jtnivitlutd  a;;ree ; 
hmUnodes  ditfera  very  decidedly,  while  the  iJ  of  vioUtris  1  have  been 
unable  to  examine. 

The  speciesof  this  group,  agreeing  as  tlu'y  ilo  in  structural  characters, 
are  yet  totally  dissimilar  in  general  ai>pearance  and  in  tin;  details  of 
ornamentation.  The  species  are  therefore  easily  recognized.  liwlinodes 
is  at  oneo  known  by  the  brown  color,  and  very  even,  pale  transverse 
1  i'S.  The  c(dlar  is  also  deep  brown.  Theantenn;eof  i  are  evenly  bi- 
pectinate,  the  anterior  tibia  sparsely  si>ined, and  the  accessory  cell  of 
primaries  often  open  outwardly.  'J'he  6  harpes  are  broad,  rather  short, 
somewhat  spoon-shaped,  rounded  outwaidly,  with  an  acute  tooth  at 
middle  of  tip.  The  clasper  is  long,  corneous,  and  curved.  Violnris  iti 
somewhat  similar  to  the  preceding  in  ornamentation,  but  the  color  is 
bluish  gray,  with  outer  half  of  median  si)ace  dark,  reniform  outlined  in 
yellow.  The  primaries  are  narrower,  but  otherwise  the  habitus  of  the 
ins. Alt  refers  it  here.  I  have  not  been  able  to  examine  the  6  genitalia. 
'')><;'  ni  is  peculiar.  The  habitus  would  seem  to  refer  it  to  SancUi  and 
allies,  I)ut  the  front  is  distinctly  smooth.  The  species  can  be  recog. 
nized  by  the  dark  ground  color,  pale  s.  t.  si)ace,  and  a  distinct  saggitate 
lilack  dash  from  middleof  outer  side  of  reniform,  meeting  or  closely  ap- 
l)roaching  similar  dashes,  marking  two  strong  dentations  of  the  s.  t.  line. 
The  anteunie  of  the  S  are  lengthily  pectinate  on  the  upper  side  only,  the 
l)ectination8  on  the  outer  side  being  short,  acute.  The  i  genitalia  are 
very  close  to  those  of  the  wj«>'rtt-/t<//rt  type,  consisting  of  the  long  broad 
harpes,  obliquely  terminated  at  tip  UTid  furnished  with  spiuules;  the 
clasper  is  short,  beak-like,  corneous.  The  tibiie  are  rather  broader  and 
more  heavily  spinose  than  in  the  preceding  species.  It  is  closely  allied 
.structurally  to  sei/etum,  and  seems  rather  to  belong  to  a  Euro[»ean  type 
of  structure,  for  with  its  tibial  armature  and  genitalia  the  front  ought  to 
be  roughened  or  tuberculate.  Geniculufa  agrees  with  ypsiloii  in  the  sex- 
ual and  tibial  armature,  but  differs  not  only  in  wing  form  and  ornamen- 
tation but  also  in  having  the  antenme  rather  serrate  and  bristled  than 
pectinate.  This  insect  also  agrees  in  structural  details  with  the  murae- 
nnla  group,  but  the  front  is  decidedly  smooth  and  the  ornamentation 
entirely  different.  The  color  is  dark  ash  gray,  darker  beyond  t.  p.  line; 
space  between  the  ordinary  spots  black. 

Assuming  segetnm  as  the  tyi)e  of  the  genus  Agrotis,  the  foregoing  are 
the  only  species  structurally  identical  with  the  Euroi)ean  forms.  The 
i:()mbination  of  characters  is  defiuite  and  easily  Hunts  the  series.  The 
><inall  number  of  spe  ies  agreeing  with  the  European  type  is  remarka- 
ble, and  not  lesa  striking  is  the  dissimilarity  of  the  species  associated. 


.ii,.rl« 


|||,^,.«I• 

1    <l* 

ft    »»* 

n  .St. 

!•         -•.11 

1^ 


l\ 


62 


BULLETIN    38,    UNITED    STATES    NATIONAL    MUSEUM. 


by  tbe  characters  used.     Ypsilon  is  the  most  typical  sitecies,  but  uouo 
of  the  others  resemble  it  very  closely. 
Tlie  species  may  be  separated  in  synoptic  form,  as  follows: 

T.  p.  lino,  i)alli(l ;  «!ven  : 

PriuiiirieH,  wide;  color,  red  l>io\vii;  coll  between  stif^iiiata,  iliirker  ..  .uadinodks. 
PriuiivrieH,  narrower;  color,  bluish  gray  ;  outer  Lalf  of  median  space,  t'u.seous. 

VIOLA  HIS. 

T.  p.  lino,  (lark;  irregular: 
Primaries,  long  aii<l  narrow;  antenna' lengthily  pectinated;  asaggitate  dash  from 

middle  of  outer  .side  of  reuiforni ypsilon. 

Primaries, 8liort<!r  and  broader;  antoniiiu  shortly  pectinate  and  bristled  ;  stigmata 

connected  with  black uemculata. 


<K?i 


llliill 

'liii 


Agrotis  badinodes  Grt. 
1874.  Grt.,  Can.  Ent.,  vi.,  13,  Aijrotia. 

Thorax  and  primaries,  red  brown  ;  collar,  deep  blackish  browu;  s.  t. 
space,  a  narrow  median  shade,  an<l  space  between  the  ordinary  spots 
darker,  liasal  and  t.a.  lino  even,  narrow,  darker  brown;  a  distinct  black 
spot  on  t.  a.  line  at  the  median  vein, marking  the  lower  edi^e  of  orbicular. 
T.  p.  line  evenly  and  slij;htly  convex  outwardly;  darker  brown,  narrow, 
followed  by  a  distinct  i)ale  shade  which  gives  the  characteristic  appear- 
auco  to  the  insect.  The  ordinary  spots  are  large  and  faintly  outlined; 
claviforni  faintly  indicated  by  a  black  dot  at  outer  end  ;  s.  t.  line  con- 
colorous  or  but  slightly  i)aler,  irregular,  marked  by  the  dillerence  in 
color  between  the  s.  t.  and  terminal  s[»ace.  Secondaries  fuscou.s,  with  a 
brownish  shade;  beneath  powdered  with  reddish  with  a  distinct  black- 
ish common  extra  discal  line  and  discal  lunule. 

Expands  30-39""",  l.-i0-1.50  inches. 

Hauitat. — Maryland,  New  York,  Canada,  eastern  aud  uortherii 
United  States. 

The  species  is  common  and  easily  distinguished.  The  priniaries  are 
wide  and  comparatively  short.  The  color,  maculation,  and  pectinate 
antenna'  form  a  combination  so  peculiar  that  the  species  is  easily  rec- 
ogniiied.    ISo  life  history  of  the  species  has  been  written. 

Agrotis  violaiis  (t.  and  li. 

18G8.  Grt.  and  Koli.,  Tr.  Am.  Ent.  Woe,  i,  WbW,  pi.  7,  f.  W.\  .J,  Ayrotis. 

Ground  color  gray,  irrorate  with  fns(!ous  brown,  outer  half  of  median 
space  also  fuscous ;  s.  t,  space  nunc  den.sely  mixed  with  <lark  scales 
than  the  other  pale  portions  of  wing.  Basal  line  indistinct,  t.  a.  line 
distinct,  rather  broad,  slightly  angulate  on  costa  and  internal  vein, 
else  straight.  T.  p.  line  of  ground  color,  margined  each  side  with  the 
dark  shading  of  median  and  s.  t.  space;  its  course  slightly  convex  out- 
wardly, most  evidently  so  opposite  the  cell.  S.  t.  lino  with  three  out- 
ward angulation. ,  delined  l)y  the  contrast  between  the  somewhat 
darker  s.  t.  and  concolorous  termii.  .1  space.  The  orbicular  is  snuiU, 
faiutly  outlined  with  dark  scales;  reuiin'm  elongate,  slightly  constricted 


REVISION    OF   SPECIES    OF   THE    GENUS   AGROTIS. 


63 


ill  tbo  niiddlo,  narrowly  jMimilate  with  yellow.  Secondaries  fuscous, 
beneath  paler,  with  the  same  maculation  as  iu  badinodes. 

Expands  37  """,  1.5  inches. 

Habitat. — Pennsylvania,  Middle  States. 

Kather  a  rare  species,  but  easily  recognized.  The  primaries  are  nar- 
rower than  in  the  preceding  species  but  the  general  style  of  macula- 
tion is  identical.  Unfortunately  I  have  had  no  good  3  under  exam- 
ination. The  type  is  a  S  ,  but  the  antennaj  are  gone ;  the  description 
says  they  are  serrate,  the  serratures  diminishing  toward  the  tip ;  the 
genitalia  of  the  specimen  appear  to  be  missing  in  part,  but  from  what 
remains  the  clasper  appears  to  have  been  bifid.  The  front  closely  ex- 
amined shows  a  barely  traceable  protuberance;  it  is  not  unlikely 
therefore  that  fresh  and  abundant  material  will  necessitate  the  removal 
of  this  species  to  another  group  or  genus. 


Agrotis  ypsilou  Kott. 

177G.  Rott.,  Naturf.,  41,  141,  Noctua. 

181C.  Hub.,  Verzeicluiiss,  225,  Exarnia. 

\m'.\.  Sauml.,  Fruit  Insects,  \V21,  f.  \V.\H,  Agrotis. 

1889.  Butlor,  Trans.  Ent.  Soc.  Lond.,  1889,  380,  Peridroma. 

auffima  S.  V. 
18r)2.  Gu.,  Noct.  1,208. 
1857.  Wlk.,  C.  I{.  Mus.,  Lep.  x,  309,  Aijrotit. 

tdifvra  Harr. 
I  1841.  Harria,  Rupt.  Ins.  Mass.,  Agrotia. 

1842.  Harris,  Inj.  Insects,  323,  Agrotia. 
18G4.  Grt.,  Pr.  Ent.  Soc.  Phil,  iii,  95  pr.  syn. 
1868.  Uilcy,  Rept.  Ins.  Mo.  i,  8(i,  28  pi.  1,  f.  H-10,  AgrUit. 
1881.  Riley,  liulox  autl  Sni»plt.  to  Mo.  Repts.  55  pr.  syi'. 

idonea  Cram. 
1782.  Cram.,  Exot.,  iii,  150,  275,  f.  II.     rhahtena. 
1852.  Gn.,  Noct.  I,  209,  pr.  var. 
1857.  Wlk.,  C.  li.  Mus.,  Lop.  x,  309,  pr.  syn. 

Ground  color  deep,  darlc  pUrplish  brown,  variably  suffused  by  a 
rather  pale  luteous  shade,  s.  t.  space  pale  luteous  to  apex,  and  even  iu 
dark  specimens  the  inferior  portion  of  basal  space  at  least  is  pale. 
Basal  line  obsolete.  T.  a.  line  geminave,  not  very  evidently  defined, 
inwardly  oblique  in  course,  but  outwaidly  curved  between  veius,  a 
long  outward  curve  below  vein  1.  T.  p.  line  indistinctly  geminate, 
punctiform,  its  course  very  even.  S.  t.  line  clo.se  to  outer  margin,  very 
strongly  dentate,  the  dentations  marked  by  pnicoding  sagittate  points 
very  obvious  and  black  opposite  the  cell.  The  dentations  are  longest  on 
veins  three  and  four.  Claviform  small,  outlined  in  black.  Orbicular 
moderate  or  small,  concolorous,  variable  in  shape,  narrowly  outlined  iu 
black.  Keniform  kidney-shaped,  of  good  size,  concolorc  iS,  outwardly 
marked  by  a  distinct  black  sagittate  dash,  sometimes  reaching  the 
similar  dashes  from  tiie  s.  t.  line.  Secondaries  dusky,  wiih  a  pearly 
luster.    Beneath,  the  wings  are  uniformly  colored,  the  primaries  black- 


iiciii 


If  mi 


nil' 


.etii 


64 


BULLETIN    ;W,    UNITKI)    .STATlvS    NATIONAL    MUSEUM. 


»'"■• 

HIM 
,1111', 


isli,  no  (liscal  line ;  secondaries  with  a  vaiiably  distinct  discal  spot.    Col- 
lar with  two  narrow  black  lines. 

Expands  37-53""",  1.50-2.12  inches. 

Habitat— United  States  and  Canada. 

One  of  the  most  coniinon  and  well-known  species.  It  is  readily  dis- 
tinguished from  all  tiie  others  by  the  \ou^  and  narrow  wings,  as  well 
as  the  ditJereuco  in  color.  The  pale  s.  t.  space  and  the  black  sagittate 
dashes  from  reniform  and  before  the  s.  t.  line  give  the  species  a  char- 
acteristic appearance  impossible  to  be  mistaken  and  unlike  any  other 
American  species.  The  tyjjc  to  which  this  belongs  is  European,  as  has 
been  alrendy  suggested. 

The  life  history  has  been  fre<|uently  written  in  the  works  of  the 
economic  entomologists.  The  larva  is  a  general  feeder  and  has  been 
injurious  to  strawberries  among  others. 

1  am  entirely  unable  to  understand  Mr.  Butler's  synonymy  of  this 
.species.  lie  makes  saucia  Ilbn.  the  same  as  yitaUoii  llott.,  and  cites 
diffcreiis,  ambrosioides,  impacta  and  inteeta  Walker  also  as  synonyms. 
Then  he  adds  that  a  si)e(!iinen  labeled  turris  in  Mr.  Grote's  collection  is 
the  same  as  the  impavta  of  Walker,  and  thus  destroys  the  possibility 
of  crediting  any  part  of  his  synonymy.  tSai(cia  has  siuiple  antennte, 
turris  has  them  serrate  and  bristled,  while  ypailon  has  them  pectinated ! 

Agrotis  geniculata  <!.  «V  It. 
18G8.     Grt.  and  Hob.,  Tr.  Am.  l^iil.  Hoc.  i,  :Mi)  pi.  7,  f.  54,  Jtjrotla 

Varying  from  dark  ash-gray  to  deej)  fuscous  or  smoky ;  basal  and 
transver.se  lines  geminate;  included  space  pale ;  s.  t.  line  very  irregu- 
lar, narrow,  pale;  ordinary  spots  pale;  intervening  space  black;  an 
indistinct  median  shade;  claviform  short,  narrowly  outlined  in  black; 
8.  t.  space  usually  darkest,  median  space  usually  palest;  t.  a.  line 
irregularly  dentate  and  scalloped;  t.  p.  line  very  irregular;  variable  in 
position  and  course,  but  usually  with  a  single  evident  outward  curve. 
Secondaries  fuscous  brown  to  smoky  black,  paler  toward  ba.se.  Beneath 
dull  dark  smoky,  paler  toward  base  of  wing.  Collar  with  a  distinct 
black  line. 

Expands  33"'"',  1.32  inches. 

Habitat.— Northern,  I']astern,  and  Middle  States. 

This  insect  is  so  variable  in  color  and  macnlation,  while  retaining  a 
remarkable  uniformity  of  api)earance,  that  a  detailed  de.s(!ription  is 
rather  that  of  an  individual  than  the  species.  As  a  rule  the  space  be- 
yond the  t.  p.  line  is  darkest,  the  gray  predomiiuiting  in  the  other  i)art8 
of  the  wing.  Tiie  dark  space  between  the  ordinary  spots  continued  as 
a  median  shade  adds  to  the  peculiarity  of  the  species  and  renders  it 
ea.sily  known.  From  the  other  species  of  the  group  it  has  been  sulli- 
ciently  distniguislu'd. 

It  seems  not  common,  and  its  early  stages  are  not  published. 


REVISION    OF    SPECIES   OF    THE    GENUS   AGROTIS. 


65 


lung  a 

lion  is 

io  be- 

|l)art8 

led  as 

»rs  it 

sufil- 


Agrotis  bollii  Grt. 

1883.  Grt.  Hull.  U.  S.  Goid.  Siirv.,  vi,  IGO,  Ajrotis. 

hilatis  Grt. 
1880.  Grt.  Can.  Eiit.  xri,  ir>3,  Ayrutis. 

"  S  Coiicolorous,  silky,  blackish  gray,  with  a  sprinkling  of  pale  scales. 
Antennae  rather  lengthily  bii>ectinate.  Head,  collar,  and  thorax  con- 
colorous,  collar  a  little  darker  tipped  ;  palpi  darker  at  the  sides.  Only 
the  t\v<»  Miedian  lines  visible;  these  are  even,  pale,  the  inner  line 
obliqne,  tiie  outer  somewhat  bent,  nearly  straight,  not  intli'cted.  A 
black  spot  on  the  cell  against  the  inner  line,  and  a  second  quadrate, 
larger  at  the  middle.  These  spots  follow  and  precede  the  orbicular, 
which  with  the  reuiform  is  concolorous  with  the  wing  and  ditticult  to 
make  out.  The  orbicular  is  V-shaped,  open  above;  thereniform  small, 
u[»right,  medially  constricted;  both  spots  indistinctly  pale  ringed;  a 
small  spot  on  the  line  indicates  the  claviform.  Median  lim-s  slightly 
marked  with  black  on  costa.  Fringes  concolorous.  Hind  wings  black- 
ish, paler  at  base;  fringes  pale,  interlined.  Ik'neath  both  wings  bhuikish, 
with  pale  irrorations;  a  common  e.xtra  medial  shade  line.  Expanse 
3-t""" ;  Texas. " 

Compared  to  eoUaris  and  hadinodis ;  but  evidently  very  close  to  yen- 
ieulata,  and  possibly  a  suli'used  form  of  that  species.  Southeru  si)eci- 
mcus  o(  ycniculnta  tend  to  become  more  evenly  colored,  and  in  a  speci- 
luen  before  me  the  orbicular  is  distinctly  V-shaped.  Still  the  form  de- 
scribed is  very  distinct  from  anything  I  have  thus  far  seen. 

Agrotis  qiiarta  Grt. 

18-*:5.  Grt..  Hull.  Geol.  Surv.  vi,  '^58,  A/jrotia. 

"  9  .  Fore  tibia  unarmed  ;  rosy  brown,  resembling  haja.  Lines  brown, 
l>adly  marked ;  t.  p.  line  broken  into  dots;  subterminal  line  subcon- 
tinuous,  nearly  straight.  Orbicular  round,  nearly  conc<)lorous,  with  a 
bright  stain  edging  the  fine  incomplete  annulus  within.  Keniform 
reddish  orange,  contrasting,  upright,  with  incomplete  b  own  annidus, 
shaded  with  ochrey.  IJeneath  paler,  shaded  with  rosy,  with  discal 
marks  and  exterior  irregular  common  I'liC.  Collar  blighter  than  the 
rosy  brown  head  and  thorax.     Expause  10""".     Sauzalito,  California." 

Seems  a  good  species  allied  to  httdiuodix;  but  entirely  unkn()wn  to 
iiu'.  It  can  not  be  referred  to  the  Ixija  group,  nor,  in  fact,  properly  to 
tills,  if,  as  stated,  the  fore  tibia'  are  unarmed.  No  c?  seems  known,  but 
probably  the  antenna  will  be  found  to  be  nectiiialed.  The  vestiture  is 
not  described  and  possibly  the  relationship  may  be  more  nearly  with 
the  mrnca  group.  The  cohu*  agrees  with  the  spe(!ies  of  that  grou|). 
It  is  inipossible  to  do  iniuili  with  a  des<;riptioii  like  the  above  until  a 
specimen  precisely  fitting  it  conies  to  hand. 

23(;45— Dull.  ;{s — r> 


llii.U 


f 

T\ 

11.1 1 

H 

ir 

In 

mi' 

.JSS 

lUi 

■Mew 

i!S 

■MUM 

'Ik 

**'§ 

III 

.^i 

l; 

M* 

1! 

:,^t 

1 

■  i».* 

,     «l.  : 

,    «;i. 


66 


BULLETIN    38,  UNITED    STATES    NATIONAL    MUSEUM. 


($1 


Illiiit; 


Genus  PERIDROMA  lll>ii. 

(Joiniiioii  to  the  species  uniteil  umler  tliis  term  are  the  following 
characters:  All  the  tibise  spinose,  tore  tibiie  rather  heavily  armed  but 
scarcely  abbreviated;  front  smooth;  thoracic  vestitiire  consistinj{-  of 
mixed  scales  and  hair;  antennae  of  male  simple,  or  ciliate  merely; 
primaries  regularly  widening  outwardly,  apex  produced  or  rectangu 
lar,  not  rounded.  Two  groups  are  united  under  this  term,  separable 
as  follows : 

Thorax  with  distiiictly  divided  anterior  aud  nostorior  crcstH,  primarieH  quite  evi- 
dently produced  at  apex Group  saihia. 

Thoraeic  tufts  not  divided,  apex  of  primaries  not  so  distinct (irouj)  i.NCivis. 

Saucia  may  be  considered  the  type  of  this  genus,  which  contains  a 
not  too  diverse  assemblage  of  species,  more  particularly  chara(;terized 
in  the  remarks  under  the  group  headings.  The  assemblage  is  related 
rather  to  the  Old  World  species,  but  in  the  incivis  group  a  closer  ap- 
proach to  the  more  pe(;uliarly  western  forms  is  noticeable. 

Group  SAUCIA. 

This  group  is  characterized  by  spinose  fore  tibia,  smooth  front,  simple 
or  merely  ciliate  male  antenna'  and  distinctly  crested  thorax.  The  crest 
is  usually  distinct,  extending  the  full  length  of  thorax,  and  evidently 
divided;  rather  more  jirominently  so  anteriorly.  The  primaries  are 
moderately  large,  the  apices  acute,  somewhat  extended,  outer  margin 
oblicjue.  Except  rndens  aiul  peUucidalis,  the  species  are  well  sized  and 
have  a  robust  a[)pearance  peculiarly  their  own.  The  nornnil  noctuidons 
markings  are  traceable  in  all  species,  but  often  the  transverse  lines  are 
more  or  less  indefinite  or  indistinct.  The  6  genitalia  vnvy  greatly, 
and  agree  only  in  that  the  clasper  is  single,  simple,  and  curved.  The 
harpes  are  very  ditterent  in  shape,  but  afford  no  bases  for  grouping  the 
species. 

The  species  are  not  difficult  to  distinguish.  Oceultd,  pm'fi.ra,  asfricta, 
and  (fyandipoinis  are  large  species,  with  the  thoracic  tufting  least 
marked.  Tlu'  three  first  named  had  been  j)laced  in  the  genus  IJitrois, 
but  1  fail  to  dis(!over  any  character  which  allies  these  species  with 
jnrsNa  and  prasina,  save  the  size  and  a  general  agreement  in  wing  form. 

OcvuUa  is  easily  distinguished  by  its  large  size,  the  ashy  gray  pri- 
maries, and  blackish  secondaries.  At  first  glance  it  is  not  unlike 
Acroni/i'ta  in  appearance,  but  the  resemblance  is  8uperli<;ial  merely. 
The  genitalia  of  the  3  are  characteristic.  The  clasper  is  long,  curved, 
corneous,  nearly  as  long  as  the  liari)e,  dilated  at  the  base,  ami  slightly 
so  toward  the  tip.  The  harpes  are  long,  semi  corneous,  the  tip 
straightly  cut,  the  upper  angle  only  slightly  prominent.  Pnvfiva  is 
smaller,  but  resembles  turuUa  in  the  color  and  general  macnlation  of 
the  i)rimiiries.  The  secrondaries  are,  however,  pale  fuscous,  inste-id  of 
black.    A  single  $  only  has  come  under  my  notice,    Antricta  is  nearly, 


following 
rmod  but 
sistiiiji'  of 
merely  ; 
rectangii 
separiible 

I  ([iiito  cvi- 

lip  JSAUCIA. 
IIJI   J  NCI  VIS. 

;oiitains  a 
I'aeteii/A'd 
is  relatetl 
closer  ap- 


nt,  simple 

The  crest 

evidently 

laries  are 

iv  marfi'in 

si/AHl  and 

(ctuidous 

lines  are 

greatly, 

ed.    The 

nping  the 


astricta, 
UiX  least 

IJitrois, 
'ies  with 
ng  form, 
{•lay  pri- 
l   nnlike 

merely. 
,  curved, 
I  slightly 

the  tip 
rajixa  is 
lation  of 
nste'id  of 
s  nearly. 


IS 


RKVISION    OF    SPECIES    OF    TlIK    GENUS   ACiliOTIS.  67 

if  not  quite,  equal  in  .size  to  occulta,  and  with  practi(!ally  the  same 
markings;  the  ground  color  of  the  primaries,  however,  is  red  brown, 
and  the  secondaries  are  fuscous  brown.  The  <J  genitalia  have  been 
examined  iu  only  a  single  specimen,  and  that  but  superlicially  with  a 
lens.  From  such  examination  they  appear  much  like  those  of  occulta, 
(trandipennis,  though  expanding  scarcely  more  than  saucia,  is  some- 
what wider  winged,  and  is  referable  at  once  to  the  large  species.  The 
(rolor  is  an  even  yellowLsh  brown,  the  costa  marked  with  a  yellowish 
tinge,  maculation  faint.  The  secondaiies  are  very  ])ale  yellowish. 
The  6  type  from  Mr.  Neun-sjgen's  collection  was  the  only  specimen 
examined,  and  could  not,  of  course,  be  dissected  or  broken  to  examine 
the  genitalia.  From  outward  examination  the  harpes  are  almost 
evenly  oblong,  a  small  superior  projection  simihir  to  that  of  occulta 
from  the  ti[).    The  clasper  was  invisible. 

The  remaining,  smaller  species,  in  which  the  thoracic  cresting  is 
most  marked,  are  also  easily  distinguished.  ISaucia  is  .so  common  and 
so  universally  known  that  no  special  characterization  seems  needed. 
i^nica  is  distinguished  by  the  pale  ground  color  and  very  distinct 
transverse  lines.  The  S  genitalia  arc  very  distinctive,  the  harpes  are 
long,  concave,  somewhat  dilated,  and  ladle-shaped  towaid  the  tip ;  a 
row  of  spines  project  inwardly  at  tip.  The  clasper  is  short,  corneous, 
acute,  and  but  slightly  bent.  The  variety  agrees  perfectly  with  the 
species  iu  this  respect.  The  remaining  species,  rudens  and  pcllucidalis, 
agree  in  having  iridescent,  white  secondaries  and  creamy,  or  somewhat 
])urplish  gray  ])riinaries;  they  are  also  perceptibly  smaller  than  either 
of  the  other  species.  Inter  tte  they  ditfer  in  that  rudens  has  a  black 
basal  da.sh  and  a  black  connecting  line  between  the  ordinary  spots, 
both  of  which  are  wanting  in  ^>(7/«c'/</a//.v.  The  S  genitalia  are  practi- 
cally identical.  The  harpes  are  moderately  broad,  suddenly  ami  deeply 
emarginate  near  til)  on  lower  edge,  giving  the  terminal  portion  a  bent 
huUe  appearance.  Inwardly  at  tip  there  is  a  row  of  short  a(!Ute  spines. 
The  clasper  is  rather  short,  c*orneous,  acute,  and  but  slightly  curved. 

SYNOI'SIS   Ol'-   SrK.CIKS. 

Si/.o  liir^^o,  tlioriicic,  tiiftiiij^s  imt  proniinout. 

StM'diidiifit's  Itlaclvi.sli,  si/.ti  lai't^cr occi'i/PA. 

Sci'oiidarii'n  I'iimcoiis,  Miy.t«  NiiialU'r iMi.i:KiXA. 

I'l'lmurios  red  lirowii. 

Ordinary  .spots  larj;*';  traii.svcir.so  mam  Lit  ion  distinct AsruicrA. 

Ordinary  Hi)otH  .small ;  transversa  maiMilation  olisoitto uuandii'KN.m.s. 

.Size  snniilcr,  tlioracic  tnltinj^s  very  (listiiict. 
Color  yi'llowisli  to  l)la(!kisli. 
Tran.svt'FMo  lin<'snsnaliy  pnnrtiform,  imli.stinct, ordinary  spots oliscnrcd  l>y  darkfr 

atoms,  all  maculation  obsenro sai'cia. 

C(dor  creamy  or  purplish  k'-'.v. 
Primaries  with  a  black  liasal  dash  and  a  Muck  connectinfj  lino  lictwccn  flic  or- 

dimiry  spot.s niKi'.Ns. 

Primaries  without  basal  d.ish  or  conuoctin-:  liiui I'KI.i.i'iikai.i.s. 


i|;ii  :»"  , 
'Ml-    W*J»| 


111 

111 

III  ..USi 


«l ' 


68 


HULLETIN    :i«,   UNITED    STATES    NATIONAL    MUSEUM, 


'I 


Peridroma  occulta  Liiiii. 

17(17.  liimi.,  Sv.st.  Nat.,  iv,  r>l4,  yoctiia. 

If^U).  lliiltii.,  V'crzciclmi.ss,  til.S,  I'Juroin. 

IH.VJ.  (iiuMi.,  Noct.,  II,  7(i,  .Iphcla. 

1S7J.  (Jit.,  Ciii:.  Eiit.,  VI,  i:i,  70,  JCnrois. 

187(i.  SiiojiT,  Stctt  Eut.  Zuit.,  x.\x\  i,  JiOl,  Jj>/tcto. 

CI  round  color  rather  dark  asli  gr.ay;  irrorate  with  smoky  brown;  inac- 
ulation  smoky  to  bhick.  Transverse  linos  moderately  distinct,  faintly 
{ieminate,  basal  line  scarcely  evident,  a  sli}>litly  darker  indetinite  basal 
shade.  T.  a.  line  lunulate,  moderately  even,  outer  line  most  ilistinct. 
T.  p.  line  outwardly  bent  over  cell,  thence  obli(iuely  inward  lo  hind 
mary;in.  Inner  line  lunulate,  almost  crenulate,  outer  line  even  absorbed 
by  a  dusky  shade  reaching  half  way  to  the  s.  t.  line.  S.  t.  line  slightly 
sinuate,  well-deHned  by  a  series  of  rather  large,  black  sagittate  spots. 
A  row  of  black  terminal  dots.  Through  the  median  si>ace  is  an  indeti- 
nite dark  shade,  most  evident  between  the  ordinary  spots  on  claviform. 
Claviform  outlined;  moderate  in  size;  or/linary  spots  large,  concolor- 
ous  or  paler;  orbicular  rounded,  incompletely  closed  above;  reniform 
kidney  shaped.  Secondaries  blackish,  fringes  clear  white.  Benejith, 
uniform  smoky  gray.  II^.ul  and  thora.v  like  primaries;  abdomen 
darker,  smoky. 

Expands  50-53""";  2-2.12  inches. 

IlAiUTAT. — Northern  and  Eastern  States,  Canada. 

Easily  distinguished  by  its  large  sv-e  and  pale  color.  It  seems  not 
uncommon,  though  never  taken  in  large  numbers.  ImpHcata  Lef.  (Ann. 
Soc,  Eut.  Fr.  V,  ',i\)i  i)l.  10  f.  4,  lUuieim)  cited  as  synonynu)us  or  va- 
rietal to  this  species  1  consider  distinct,  though  nearly  allied.  As  I  can 
not  lind  authentic  record  of  the  species  as  American,  it  is  hero  omitted. 


Peridroma  praefixa  Morr, 
1^7."^!.  Morr.,  Vi\w.  llo.st.  Soo.  N.  II.,  xviil,  117,  Jyroiia. 

Ash  gray,  niaculation  smoky  or  black,  sonu'what  sjuirsely  irrorate 
■witli  blackish.  ISasal  line  ilistinct,  geminate;  a  small,  dark,  basal 
patch,  T.  a.  line  sinuate;  evenly  obli(|ue  outwardly.  T.  ]).  line  dis- 
tinctly geminate  only  at  inception,  crenulate,  lu-arly  parallel  in  course 
with  ouU'r  margin.  S.  t.  line  pile,  relieved  by  the  distinct  smoky  s.  t. 
shade  and  by  a  more  indefinite  outer  shade  not  reaching  either  margin. 
A  lunate  dark  terminal  line.  A  faint,  rather  narrow,  median  shade; 
space  between  ordinary  sjwts,  dusky.  Claviform  very  distinctly  and 
broadly  outlined;  ordinary  spots,  large,  concolorous,  or  i)aler.  Orbic- 
ular, rather  oblique,  oblong,  ojjen  above;  reniform  upright,  kidney 
shaped  but  rather  narrow,  and  with  an  unusually  straight  inner  line. 
Secondaries  rather  pale,  fuscous,  darker  outwardly,  lieneath  gray, 
irror'.te,  with  fuscous  brown;  primaries,  with  somewhat  i)aler  terminal 
shade;  secondaries,  with  darker  extra  discal  shade  and  discal  lunule. 


REVISION   or    Sl'KCIES    OP   THE  GENUS   AGUOTIS. 


no 


owii;iiiiic- 
ct,  liiiiitly 
iiite  biiisiil 
:  distinct. 
.1  lo  liiiul 

absorbed 
e  slightly 
ate  spots, 
nn  indeti- 
ijlaviform. 
concolor- 

reiiiforiii 
Beneath, 
abdomen 


eenis  not 
ef.  (Ann. 

us  or  va- 
As  I  can 
omitted. 


irrorate 

(,  basal 

line  dis- 

in  course 

iioky  s.  t. 

r  margin. 

II  shade ; 

ictly  and 

Orbic- 

,  kidney 

iner  line. 

»th  gray, 

terminal 

lunule. 


Expands  42""" ;  1.68  iuches. 
Habitat. — Kocky  Mountains. 

Very  readily  distniguished  from  the  preceding,  not  only  by  the  size 
and  the  color  of  secondaries,  but  by  the  broad,  dark,  inward  shading  to 
the  s.  t.  line,  which  is  characteristic  of  this  spe<nes.    The  single    ? 
specimen  seen  is  from  the  coUectiori  of  Mr.  J.  Meyer. 

Peridroma  astricta  Morr. 
l**?-!.  Morr.,  Prop.  Boat.  Sec.  N.  H.,  xvii,  i:i.'»,  Kinoin. 

Red  brown;  bassal,  s.  t,  and  terminal  spa<!es  darker.  Transverse 
lines  geminate,  though  not  very  distinct.  Basal  line  scarcely  obvious. 
T.  a.  line  evenly  and  slightly  oblique.  T.  p.  line  evenly  curved  over  the 
cell,  thence  parallel  with  outer  margin.  S.  t.  line  irregularly  dentate, 
marked  by  the  contrast  between  s.  t.  and  terminal  spaces,  the  former 
being  darkest,  the  latter  nearer  to  ground  color.  Claviform  indefi- 
nitely outlined,  of  good  size.  Ordinary  spots  large,  rather  more  gray- 
ish than  ground  color,  distinctly,  though  narrowly,  outline«l  in  black. 
Orbicular  oblique,  oblong;  reniform  upright,  slightly  constricted  at 
center.  Secondaries  dull  smoky  brown  ;  beneath  powdery,  with  darker 
common  shade  line  and  discal  lunule.  Thorax  very  dark  biown; 
abdomen  like  secondaries. 

Expands  50-53""",  2-2.12  inches. 

Haeitat. — New  York,  New  Hampshire,  and  Northern  States;  Can- 
ada api)arently  not  common.  Easily  known  by  the  large  si/e  and  brown 
color. 

Peridroma  grandipennis  Hrt.  , 

IHK?.  Ort.,  Ann.  .and  M,\<<;.  N.  H.,  l.-K},  51,  Ajroli^. 

18H4.  (irt..  Trans.  Kiins.  Ac.  Sc,  viii,  .^l,  Ayrolis  (rti[M\i\t). 

Rich,  purplish  red  brown,  veins  marked  incompletely  with  blaclc, 
terminal  black  marks  distiiuit.  T.  a.  line  blackish,  faintly  geminate, 
dentate,  a  long  outward  submedian  tooth.  Other  transverse  lines 
obsolete  or  only  marked  on  costa.  Orbicular  small,  round,  pale,  with 
a  dark  central  dot.  Reniform  small,  indefinite,  pale,  centered  with 
ground  color.  A  slightly  darker  <1ash  connects  the  two  spots.  Sec- 
ondaries pale  fuscous,  veins  marked.  Thorax  like  primaries  in  color;' 
abdomen  shaded  with  reddish;  beneath  pale  whitish,  with  darker  com- 
mon line  and  di.sciil  lunule,  most  evident  on  secondaries. 

Exi>ands  45-52""",  1.S0-2.0S  inches. 

f I ATMT AT.  —New  Mexico. 

I  have  seen  but  a  single  $ ,  from  Mr.  Neumoegen's  collection,  and 
could  not  make  out  tln^  genital  structure  without  risk  to  the  specimen. 
I  thiiiis  they  will  be  found  to  resemble  those  of  occulta  (piite  strongly. 

The  species  seems  rare,  and  rather  local. 


uM 


'^\ 


!•:' 

13 

jyniiip 

1 

in 

Ittl 

-< 

Hi 
Ml'.. 

r 

m 

.mmm 

1- 

IE  tf 

1  ■ 

.%t 

K« 

a:. 


70 


BULLETIN   a«,  UNITED    STATES   NATIONAL    MUSEUM. 


Peridroma  saucia  Hubii. 

ISlf).  Ilhii.,  Saminl  Eur.  Sclmirtt,  Noct.,  :{7."i,  Noctna. 

li^UI.  111)11.,  Vi'izcicliiiiisH,  'J'27,  I'cridroma. 

1-^.V2.  (ill.,  Noct.,  I,  "JTl,  Agroth. 

Kit;.  Wlk.,  C.  1$.  Mils.  Li'i).,  x,  :U1,  AfU'otis. 

1>7:!.  (Jit.,  Hull.  Bull'.  Soc.  N.  Sci.,  i,  i:?.'),  Af/tolis. 

IHU'A.  8iiuii(lcr.s,  Fruit  Insects,  l(l(i,  iip.  lOO-lO:?,  Ar/iotia. 

incrmin  IlarriN. 

lf^4l.  llarri,s.  Kept.  Iiis.  Mass.,  Afiroiii, 

If^A'i.  Harris,  Injur.  Ins.,  ;52;i,  Atjrotis. 

IHIi'.l.  Kilcy,  1st  Rr'pt.  Ins.  Mo.,  7ti,  pi.  I,   ff.  1-1,  AyroHa. 

Ifi7',).  I'ackanl,  Our  Coiiiiiioii  Iiih.,  I'Ji),  p,  ^40,  Agrotin. 

l^Ti.  Grt.,  Bull.  Bull'.  Snc.  N.  Sci.,i,  1:15,  pr.  syn. 

1.-70.  Riley,  Hth  Rcpt.  Ins.  M(>.,:!7,  pi».  24,  ^'t,  AgrotiH. 

l^Hl.  Kilcy,  Index  A  Siippl.  to  Mo.  Report,  Tifi,  pr.  syn. 

ortotiii  I'ack. 

iSiiO.  I'ack,  1st  R<3pt.  Peab.  Ac.  Sci.,  <;:$,  Argoth. 

l^l\.  Mori.,  I'roc.  Bost.  Soe.  N.  II.,  17,  21(1,  pr.  syn. 

Var  iiKirgaritosa  Haw. 

1810.  Ha\v.,Lei>i(l.  Britt,  ir.7. 

1H;>2.  (iiion.,  Noct.,  i,271,  pr.  syn. 

YcUowi.sh  fuscous  to  i)uri)lisli  brown,  more  or  less  irrorate  orsutt'uscd 
witli  black,  the  maciilatioii  ol'U'ii  entirely  obscured.  T.  a.  line  gemi- 
nate, lunate,  upri^^lit.  T.  i).  line  single,  crenulate,  often  only  punctate, 
soMietinies  ob.solete,  rarely  very  distinct;  evenly  curved  over  the  cell. 
S.  t.  line  indefinite,  marked  only  by  the  somewhat  darker  shade  of 
terminal  space;  a  row  of  lunate  terminal  spots.  Onlinary  si)ots 
large,  (!oncolorous;  orbicular  round  or  oval ;  reiiiform  short  and  rather 
broad;  daviform  short,  faintly  outlined;  secondaries  iridescent 
whitish,  outwardly  smoky,  veins  marked.  Beneath  po^vdery,  some- 
what iridescent,  with  a  com:non  dark  outer  line  or  shade.  E.v.pands 
40-5(1""',  l.()0-2.(K)  inches. 

IlAiUTAT. — North  and  South  America,  Euro[te,  Asia. 

This  is  one  of  those  obscure  forms  so  dillicult  to  describe,  the  orna- 
mentation consisting  of  shadings  rather  than  markings,  and  scarcely 
two  specimens  appearing  entirely  alike.  It  is,  however,  so  dillerent 
from  all  the  species  associated  with  it  that  there  is  no  danger  of  inis' 
taking  it  for  other  than  itself. 

The  term  mnrfinriiosn  applies  to  the  nearly  uniformly  luteous  speci- 
mens, rare  in  the  United  States,  while  I  hfive  somewhere  named  a 
very  <listinctly  nuirked  specimen  without  any  confusing  shades  unica. 
The  term  is  not  sanctioned  by  description,  and  I  now  deem  the  form 
not  sulliciently  constant  to  require  a  name. 

The  life  history  has  been  well  written  by  Professor  Riley,  and  the 
species  has  been  fretiuently  treated  in  economic  publications. 


REVISION    OF    SPKCIES    OF    THE    GENUS    A<   .;()TIS. 


71 


r  Buftiised 

iue  genii- 

imnctate, 

r  the  cell. 

sliiide  of 

•y    spots 

ixl  rather 

ridescent 

'y,  sonie- 

E.vpaiuls 


the  oriia- 

I  Kcarcely 

dill'erent 

(r  of  iiiiS' 

)U8  speci- 
naincd  a 
es  unica. 
the  form 

,  and  the 


Peridroma  riidens  H.arv. 

1.S71.  llarv«\v,  Hull.  HiitT.  Soc.  N.  Sc,  ii,  ^71,  Jytolin. 

Creamy  gray,  somewhat  darker  at  base,  an<l  more  or  less  irrorate 
with  black  scales.  Transverse  lines  obsolete.  Ordinary  spots  small, 
neatly  cut,  (ioncolorons  or  centered,  with  few  dark  scales.  A  distinct 
black  basal  dash,  and  a  broad  dash  connecting  the  ordinary  spots,  also 
black.  A  brownish  snbapical  costal  spot,  followed  by  a  paler  apical 
sjmt.  Secoudiiries  i>early  white  with  a  narrow,  dfirk  terminal  line. 
Ueneath,  i)early  white ;  primaries  powdered  with  black,  as  is  the  anterior 
margin  of  secondaries.  Head  and  inferioi'  half  of  (iollar  creamy  yeUow. 
Thorax  and  collar  dark,  somewhat  pur[)lish  gray. 

Expan«ls31-;?3""";  1.25-1..32  inches. 

Habitat. — Texas.  Apparently  a  common  species  in  Texas,  and  very 
readily  recognized  by  the  pale  colors  and  the  neat,  contrasting  black 
macnlation. 

Agrotis  pellucid  alls  Grt. 

I81SII.  (irt.  Hull.  (Jfol.  Siirv.,  vi,  'y(\7,  At/roliii. 

ni(Uiin  i  IIju'v. 
1^7.').  llaivcy,  IJiill.  liiitr.  Soc.  N.  Sc,  iir,  .'">,  .If/rotin. 

Very  like  rudctis  in  color  and  general  maculation,  but  lacking  entirely 
the  black  basal  dash  and  the  connecting  line  between  the  ordinary 
spots.  The  geminate  transverse  lines  are  traceable,  the  t.  j).  usually 
piinctifoiin,  and  the  claviform  spot  is  faintly  outlined.  In  other  re- 
spe<!ts  there  is  no  i)erceptible  ditterence  from  ritdeiis. 

Expanse  and  locality  as  in  nolens,  aiul  it  seems  equally  common. 

Groui)  INCIVIS. 

All  the  tibia',  spino.sc;  anterior  moderate  in  length,  not  broadening 
toward  the  tip ;  spines  long,  slender,  straight,  and  weak.  Front 
broad,  full,  slightly  narrowing  interiorly,  not  roughened  or  tubercidate. 
Eyes  large.  Antenuic  simple  in  both  sexes ;  ciliateinthe  S.  Thoracic 
vostiture  smooth,  appressed;  in  perfect  specimens  showing  a  small 
divided  basal  tuft,  most  evident  in  inciris.  The  ]>rimaries  are  rather 
small,  smoothly  scaled,  with  a  more  or  less  evident  satiny  lustre,  the 
apex  always  distinct. 

The  harpes  of  the  <?  are  long,  rather  narrow,  the  tii)s  slightly  en- 
larged, somewhat  concave,  the  apex  oblique  or  rounded,  inwardly 
fringed  with  a  row  of  acute  spines.  The  clasper  is  simple,  moderate  in 
length  and  but  slightly  curved. 

The  sjtecies  are  few  in  number  and  easily  separated.  All  are  pale  in 
color.  Inciris  is  largest,  the  color  carneous  gray,  the  ordinary  spots 
distinct,  brown,  and  of  good  size;  the  s.  t.  line  is  distinct,  but  the  others 
are  either  obsolete,  or  indicated  by  black  venular  jtoints.  The  other 
species  are  more  whitish,  the  transverse  maculation  entirely  wanting, 


.■H 


g      WliJn 


72 


HULLETIN    :W,  UNITKD    STATKS    NATIONAL    MII8EUM. 


''* 

■iiiij 

"ill,, 


llill 

lli 


and  only  the  rcinitbnii  marked  by  an  indefinite  blacli  patcli.     Teuuescens 
is  irrorato,  with  roddish-biown  scales,  and  the  secondaries  are  dusky. 
Simplaria  and  difina  are  white,  the  secondaries  also  pale ;  the  latter 
has  a  black  line  crossing  the  collar,  a  feature  wanting  in  nimplaria. 
In  tabular  form  the  species  may  be  arranged  as  follows  : 

Piiniiirie.s  ciirnooiis  jj;ray,  iiiucnlato  with  diirk-lirowii  traii.sverms  stri<>;a.     Ordinary 

spots  usually  diMtinct  and  laryo i  NCI  Vis. 

Priniarii's  whitisli,  irrorate  with  roddisli,  roiiiforin  iiidi^linitc,  black tknuksckns. 

Pr<"iaries  svliiti.sli,  inon!  or  It'ss  irroratt'  with  black  scales. 
Collar  concolorou.s,  inudiaii  vein  rtditivud  by  tlark  .scalos,  terminal  space  darker, 

SIMIM.AUIA. 

Collar  with  !i  distinct  black  lino ;  ])riniaries  less  irrorate  with  black digna. 

Peridroma  incivis  (!n. 

18r)2.  Gnen.,Noct.,  i,  "i/J,  Aiirolin. 

ia'>().  Wlk.,  ('.  1$.  Mils.,  Lep.,  X,  XU,  Af/i-nlii. 

1874.  (irt.,  Hull.  IJuli'.  Soc.  N.  Sc,  ii,  :iO:i,  AiiioUh. 

1874.  Morr.,  Proe.  Host.  Hoc.  N.  It.,  XVII,  Uil,  .Ijirolin. 

1880.  French  Can.,  l-^nt.,  xii,  14  (larva  sub.  noin.  hihrivaiiH.) 

188i.  I'VeuchCan.,  Knt.,  xiv,  2t(l,  Agroth. 

alahamw  (Srt. 
1874.  (irt.,  Hull.  Hiiff.  Soc.  N.  Sc,  l.TO,  Aiiicla. 
187.^  Ort.,  Can.  Kiit.  vii,  102. 

hi/icta  Ochs. 
1816.  Ochs.,  Nachlr.,  <r,  H,  Ai/foli-H. 
1816.  lliibncr,  Verzeichniss,  'i20,  Ildpalia. 

pracox  {  Hbn. 
1816.  Ilbn.,  Samnil  Eur.  Schinett,  Xoct,,  :!;")!),  Xociiia. 
1816.  Hbn.,  VerzeichnisH,  ii-20  =  ;»/<■(■/(». 
lariC).  Wlk.,  C.  B.  Mu8.,  Lcp..  X,  :{:il  =  indrin. 

Ground  color  of  thorax  and  primaries  varying  from  dark  ash  to  a 
somewhat  reddish  gray.  Primaries  irrorate  with  blackish  scales,  and 
dark,  narrow,  tiansverse  striga.  As  a  rule,  the  9  is  paler  than  the  S  .  T. 
a.  line  ob.solete  or  barely  traceable.  C'laviforiu  rarely  outlined  in  brown, 
usually  obsolete.  Orbicular  often  wanting;  when  i)resent  annulate 
"With  brown  and  white,  center  blackish.  Ileniform  distinct,  large, 
black,  annulate  witii  white,  and  ferruginous.  T.  p.  line  usually  trace- 
able by  black  venular  jtoints ;  slightly  sinuate,  and  nearly  parallel  to 
outer  margin  ;  when  completely  defined  the  line  is  denticulate.  S.  t. 
line  defined  by  an  inward  ferruginous  shade,  and  the  red  brown  termi- 
iial  space.  Secondaiies  white,  semi-transparent,  anterior  and  outer 
margins  dusky,  blackish.  Beneath  lU'imaries  even,  ash  gray,  second- 
aries as  on  upper  side.  !*alpi  black  at  sides,  terminal  joint  minute. 
Collar  with  a  broad,  dark  brown  fascia. 

Expands  32-;58""" ;  1.28-1.52  inches. 

IlAiUTAT. — District  of  Columbia  to  Florida,  Mississippi,  Illinois, 
Texas,  California. 

This  species  has  a  distinct  though  small  basal  thoracic  tuft,  and  is 
also  distinguished  from  all  its  allies  by  the  obviously  detined,  ordinary 


spo 
thai 

T 
has 
ie(!t 

T 
II.  1 


KKVISION    OF    Sl'ELIKS    OV   THE    GKNTS    AGKOTIS. 


73 


sjiots.  The  male  speijiiiieiis  sire  usiiiilly  darker  and  more  fully  marked 
than  the  feinalea. 

Tlte  syiionoiny  relatin<;  to  infcvta  and  pra'cox  is  from  Walker,  and 
has  not  been  verilied  by  me.  1  <;onsider  it  very  (luestionable  in  cor- 
rectness, and  do  not  give  inf'Vta  priority  for  that  reasiin. 

The  species  is  no,  rax'e,  and  the  larva  has  been  described  by  Prof.  (r. 
II.  French. 

Peridroma  teimescens  Sinidi  (Moit,  MSS.). 

Head  and  thorax  whitish,  witli  a  few  scattered  reddisl.  and  black 
s(!ales.  Primaries  wliitish,  snlfiised  outwardly  with  reddish  ;  macnla- 
tion  obsolete,  oidy  the  black  indclioite  leniforin  bcin;;-  traiM-able.  Se(!- 
ondaries  grayish  or  smoky,  paler  at  base.  lieneath  uniform  i)ale  gray, 
powdered  with  blackish. 

Expands  31""";  ].L'."»  inches. 

IlAlUTAT. — Nebraska. 

A  single  specimen  in  Mr.  Tepper's  collection  has  the  above  MSS. 
iianie  of  Mr.  Morrison  attached.  It  is  suflicieiitly  distinttt  from  its  allies 
to  render  separation  easy.     I  have  never  seen  another  specimen. 

Peridroma  simplaria  Morr. 

187J.  Morr.,  Proo.  Host.  Soc.  N.  H.,  x\ii,  Kit,  Aiiiolis  (>iiwj)liciiis). 
1875.  Morr.,  L'roo.  Host.  80c,.  N.  11.,  xvil,  "JID.  .Iniolin  {xiinphiria). 
187;').  Ilfirv.,  Hull.  Hiiir.  Soc.  N.  .Sc,  in,  ">,  AijrottH  (ximpHciii). 
1880.  (Jrt.,  Hull.  (i<'ol.  Siirv.,  vi,  KH,  .li/rolis. 

Palo  ash  gray.  Primaries  sparsely  sprinkled  with  black  scales;  ter 
minal  space  darker,  blacki.sh,  sometimes concolorons.  Tiansverse  lines 
obsolete;  in  dark  specimens  the  s.  t.  line  is  traceable  through  the  dark 
terminal  portion,  (/laviform  usually  oiitlinetl  by  blac-k  scales.  ^ledian 
vein  marked  with  black  scales,  lleniform  blackish,  iudetinite,  some- 
times formed  by  two  superimi)o,sed  black  spots.  Secondaries  snowy 
white,  a  few  dusky  scales  along  anterior  nnirgin.  IJeneath,  primaries 
gray,  inner  margin  paler;  secondaries  as  above. 

Expands  2S-;{1"'"';  l.lli-l.'Jo  inches. 

Hahitat. — Texas. 

lleadily  recognized  by  the  general  habitus,  and  seems  not  uncommon 
in  Texas. 

Peridroma  digna  Morr. 

lS7i}.  Morr.,  Proc.  Host.  Soc.  N.  H  ,  xviii,  ll.">.  .ti/roliH. 

ni;iroritlatn  (irt. 
187.').  Grt.,  Hull.  Hiiir.  Soc.  Nat.  S(!.,  in,  77,  .(urolh. 

White;  i)rimaries  irrorate  with  a  few  black  scales,  sometimes  form- 
ing a  slightly  darker  terminal  field.  Clavilbrm  sometinu\s  faintly  indi- 
cated, but  usually  entirely  wanting,     lleniform  usually  consisting  of 


.11  jej 

■n  m^S 

t' 

H         I 

i;        .1 

•E  1 

CI 


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^^l!««M^ 


74 


miLLKTIN    3H,   IJNITKD    STATKS    NATIONAL    MUSKUM. 


two   black  ilots.     Collar,  Iowjt   half   l)la(;k,  «'ls(i  wliitf.     St'coiidarics 
snowy  wiiitc.     Jii'iicatli  dear  wliito,  irrorate  with  a  few  jjniy  .scales. 

Eipaii'ls  ;51-.'U""";  1.25-1.32  inches. 

IlAinrAT.— Texas. 

Close  to  simplaria,  hnt  evidently  distinct  by  the  Idack  lined  collar, 
and  tlie  nioi-e  «'ven  pale  <'olor.  I  have  seen  Mr.  Morrison's  tyi>e,  and 
typical  sjH'cinu  ns  of  Mr.  (rrote's  species,  and  despite  Mr.  (Irote's  state- 
ment that  "this  can  not  be  ]\Ir.  Morrison'.s  (Jhjna,^''  the  two  species  are 
nn(iuestionai)ly  identical.  Mr.  Morri.son's  type  was  a  fnlly  marked  but 
somewhat  faded  spe<;imen,  while  Mr.  (Jrote's  material  was  fresh,  bnt  as 
a  whole;  more  lijilitly  marked. 

(iemi.s  NOCTUA  Linn 


list  ■ 


«., 


it 


In  nsinj;  the  term  Nochm  for  the  present  a.ssenddage  of  .specie.s,  I 
am  j,niided  by  Cuenee's  selection,  rather  than  by  the  resnitof  personal 
investif^atioiL  Linne's  original  genus  has  been  so  subdivided  that  the 
very  term  Xoctua  has  been  left  without  a  meaning,  at  least  I  am  not 
aware  that  it  is  now  used  in  a  generic  .sen.se  for  any  series  of  s|)ecies. 
To  sonu;  .series  the  term  must  be  applied,  and  as  the  breaking  up  of  the 
AfirotvH  ottered  the  opportunity,  I  follow  M.  Guenee  in  .sele(rting  a  .series 
here  as  tyi)ical.  Two  Liniiiean  Xocfiui  are  in  the  yormaiiiana  group, 
while  the  I'iUropean  representatives  of  the  same  type  have  .several 
others. 

As  compared  with  the  preceding,  Nocfita  has  si)inose  fore  tibin-;  the 
armature  not  very  heavy  ;  the  front  is  smooth.  Hat ;  *he  antenna'  in  the 
niiiie  simi»ly  <Mliate;  vestiture  hairy,  .scaly,  or  mixed;  ]>rimaries  with 
apices  rectangular  or  rounded  ;  the  wings  rather  broad  or  .subparallel, 
narrow. 

It  is  allied  to  J'crith'omd  in  most  of  these  (jharacters,  ditlering  in  the 
wing  form,  as  shown  in  the  table. 

Two  series  or  group.s,  based  upon  the  dilference  in  structure  of  palpi 
and  in  general  style  of  nuiculation. 

(Iroup  Xoymnniana  has  the  .second  Joint  of  the  pali)i  (Havate  at  tip, 
and  the  onlinaiy  transverse  maculation  and  spots  <listin»'t,  while  in 
group  Claudetitina  the  pali)i  are  e(iual,  and  the  maculation  tentls  to  be- 
come ob.solete  or  strigo.se.  The  species  often  have  «a  peculiar  .sordid 
depressed  or  flattened  appearance,  which  is  somewhat  characteristic. 

(ironp  NOKMANLVXA. 

Front  full,somewiiat  bulging;  anterior  tibia  spinose,  but  not  heavily 
arnsed  at  tip;  the  member  moderate  in  length.  Antenna;  of  i  simjde, 
pubescent,  or  slightly  serrate,  the  Joints  .set  with  fine  bristles,  yorman- 
iana  has  a  long  bristle  at  each  side  of  each  joint.  Thorax  untufted,  or 
with  low  fore  and  aft  tufts  only;  never  a  divided  crest;  somewliat  de- 
pres.sed  in  the  mnjority  of  the  species.     Primaries  moderately  long,  iu 


RKVISION    OF    SPECIES    OF    THE    GENUS    AGKOTIS. 


75 


tlio  larij<  r  pint  of  tlic  species  nitlier  obtuse,  tlie  apices  rounded.  Tlio 
palpi  liiive  the  second  joint  always  elavate  at  tip.  Tiic  nttrnial  noctu- 
idons  niaculation  is  usually  distinct ;  in  a  niajoiity  of  tlie  spe<;ies  tho 
cell  between  ordinary  spots  is  darker  than  other  portions  of  the  wiiij;, 
and  in  none  are  the  spots  entirely  obsolete,  nor  is  the  niaculation  at  any 
time  stri^ose. 

The  S  jjenitalia  are  alike  only  in  two  species,  and  they  are  so  strongly 
distinct  in  other  points  that  the  resemblance  seems  casual  merely. 
As  a  whole  the  species  <»f  this  ;;roiip  are  less  related  ainon^  themselves 
than  those  of  almost  any  other  j;roup.  A  decided  feature  is  the  (!har- 
acter  of  the  harpes.  In  other  <;roups  th<!se  usually  show  only  an  un- 
important aniount  of  variati<ui ;  but  here,  on  the  contrary,  the  nu)8t 
unexpected  range  of  variation  is  found. 

The  divisions  of  the  ti'roup,  structural  idiaracter.s  not  serving,  are 
based  on  macridation. 

Two  divisions  of  similar  extent  are  obtained  by  separating  the  si^'cies, 
in  which  the  s.  t.  line  is  marked  at  costa  with  a  dark  si>ot  or  ])atch. 

The  division  so  distinguished  is  subdivided  ac(;ording  to  the  shape 
(tf  primaiies.  These  are  in  thehrst  instjiuce  obtuse,  rounded  at  tii>;  in 
the  second,  the  apex  is  at  least  rectangidar  and  usually  .soniewhat  i)ro- 
duced. 

In  the  first  subgroup  the  species  are: 

Jiaja,  wiiich  is  well  known  and  common  to  Europe  and  tho  United 
States.  In  cohu'  it  varies  from  luteous  to  bright  red  brown.  Charac- 
teristic are  the  very  distinct  black  spots  initiating  the  s.  t.  line,  and 
forming  the  oidy  coutra.-t  to  the  otherwise  nearly  uniform  coloration. 
The  S  genitalia  are  distinctive.  The  harpes  aie  long  and  broad, 
apparently  fornuMl  by  the  Junction  of  '  /o  pieces  longitudinally.  The 
superior  portion  of  this  combined  [tieco  is  longer,  separately  rounded  at 
tip.  The  inferior  jmrtion,  also  rounded  at  tip,  is  excavated  or  cmargi- 
nate  at  the  side,  the  margin  scunewhat  irregular:  at  the  line  of  junction  of 
these  pieces  and  not  far  from  tip,  is  a  long,  curved,  acute,  corneous  hook. 
At  the  base  of  the  harpes  is  a  semi  ovate  raised  corneous  rim,  from  the 
wpper  margin  o    which  |>roceed.s  a  sliort,  somewhat  circular  projection. 

yoruHiniinvi  is  narrower  winged,  paler,  yellowish  gray  in  color,  the 
ordinary  si)ots  small,  the  cell  between  bhuik,  thus  at  once  distinguished 
by  its  color;  it  is  also  distinct  by  the  bristled  antenna  of  S  ,  above  de- 
scribed. The  genitalia  are  alsodistiu(!tive.  The  harpes  are  long,  mod- 
erately wide,  obli(|ue  at  tip,  from  the  lower  nuirgin  i)rqiecting  a  long 
finger,  corneous  in  consistency.  Just  behind  tiiis  linger  the  side  piece 
becomes  suddenly  broa<ler,  and  gives  rise  to  au  oblique  corneous  pro- 
jection enlarged  at  tip.    This  forms  the  elasper. 

liicarnca  is  distinct  in  all  respects.  Of  a  deep  Mackish  brown  color, 
the  primaries  are  marked  with  a  distinct  reddish  blown  ]»atch  at  base, 
and  a  snialler,  similar  patch  at  costa  oV^er  t.  p.  line.  The  antenna'  are 
simple.    The  $  genitalia  are  striking.     The  harpes  taper  gradu'illy  to 


.)< 


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76 


IJULLiyriN    38,  UNITED    STATES    NATIONAL   MUSEUM. 


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the  tip  wlie -ft  they  are  abiui)tly  miucate,  the  anj^Ies  a  little  prominent 
and  round.  Near  tlie  base  of  tins  piece  is  a  corneous  ridge  from  which 
arises  a  broad  hatchet-shaped  piece  slightly  concave  at  underside. 

With  hicarnea  ends  the  section  with  apices  of  primaries  roun<led. 
The  remaining  species  of  the  first  division  have  the  apices  at  lesist 
rectangular  and  usually  somewhat  produced.  C-nigrvm  is  a  very  well 
known  species  common  to  both  continents,  distinguished  by  the  dark 
primaries,  and  the  open  V-shaped  orbicular,  which  is  reddish.  The 
thorax  has  distinct  but  low  anterior  ami  posterior  tufts.  The  $  geni- 
talia consist  of  broad  harpes,  the  tip  of  which  is  oblique,  the  inferior 
angle  somewhat  elongated,  the  inner  side  of  tip  spinulated.  The  infe- 
rior extension  of  the  tip  is  corneous,  and  imitates  an  oblicpie  corneous 
ridge  extending  to  upper  margin  aiul  there  produced  into  a  short  pro- 
jecting spur. 

llospitaliti  is  well  defined  from  the  preceding  by  tlie  reddish-brown 
color.     The  9  onlj'  is  thus  lar  known. 

Pcrconjliia  is  closely  allied  in  maculation,  but  is  a  broader  winged 
species,  with  i)rimiiries  more  evidently  trigonate,  the  apices  less  pro- 
du(!ed.     Of  this  sjjecies  also,  1  have  seen  no  r5 . 

With  this  species  ends  the  first  division :  the  remainder  of  the  species 
are  divided  by  crolor  and  maculation. 

Phyllophoya  is  a  large  broad-winged  species,  bright  red  brown  in 
color,  the  ma(Mdation  well  defined,  the  lines  irregular.  The  thorax  is 
rather  indistinctly  tufted,  the  basal  tuft  evident.  Tlie  S  genitalia  are 
decidedly  peculiar.  The  harpes  are  corneous,  incurved  around  the 
tip,  forming  a  cavity  under  the  rim,  partially  covered  by  an  irregular 
horny  plate.  A  reference  to  tlie  figure  will  explain  better  than  words. 
It  is  certainly  the  most  remarkable  structure  known  to  me  in  any 
(up'otitl. 

Ruhtfera  is  a  smaller,  shorter  winged  s|)ecies,  darker,  more  sordid 
brown  in  color,  with  very  regular  transverse  lines,  and  hardly  <!Oiitrast- 
ing  maculation.  The  genitalia  ai-e  of  a  somewhat  more  normal  type. 
The  harpes  are  broad  at  base,  very  abruptly  strangulate  near  tip,  the 
latter  obli(iue,  inwardly  spinulate,  with  a  bunch  of  diverging  spines  at 
inferior  angle.  The  clasper  is  distinct,  bifurcate,  the  inferior  fork  long, 
stout,  regularly  tapering  to  an  acute  tii).  The  superior  branch  is 
shorter,  stouter,  curved,  also  acute  at  tip. 

Oblatd,  of  uliich  killidiui  is  a  synonym,  is  a  bright  spe(ries  more  yel- 
lowish in  <'olor,  with  contrasting,  well-delined  maculation.  The  orbicu- 
lar is  large,  obli(|ue,  and  open  superiorly.  The  tliorax  is  distinctly 
tufted.  The  S  aiitemiic  has  something  of  the  moniliform  type.  The 
Joints  fringed  laterally  by  stiff,  short  haii  The  genitalia  are  distinct- 
ive. The  har|u!s  are  rounded  at  ti|),  fiinusiied  with  a  linger-like  pro- 
jection at  inferior  margin  Ixdiind  which  tlie  piece  suddenly  widens  and 
becomes  somewhat  corneous,  the  widened  portion  gradually  merged 


int( 
pro, 

A 
coh 
dar 
som 

7i' 
cliai 
wha 
feet 
nan 
Pac 
Mr. 

Fi 
blac 


REVISION   OF    SPKCIES    OF   THE    GENUS    AGROTIS. 


77 


into  an  oblique  corneous  ridge,  from  which  jtroijceds  a  trigonato  acute 
])rojectiou. 

Komria  is  a  small  species  with  narrow  primaries.  It  is  very  even  in 
color,  varying  in  the  sha«le  of  yellowish  brown,  the  veins  usually 
darker:  the  maculation  is  very  indistinct  and  only  the  ordinary  spots  are 
sometimes  yellowish.    No  ^  is  thus  far  known. 

Ultra  is  aberrant  for  this  (u*  any  other  group,  but  th«^  balance  of 
character  refers  it  here.  The  i  antenna'  are  much  as  in  oblata,  some- 
what moniliforni.  The  color  is  of  a  sordid  luteous  gray,  the  lines  imper- 
fectly marked.  The  5  genitalia  are  not  unlike '>/mr»efl,  but  the  harpe 
narrows  more  toward  tip  where  it  forms  a  snuki!  i;<!ute  hook.  Umbrata 
Pack,  is  a  synonym  of  this  species,  as  I  ascertaine<l  by  examination  of 
Mr.  Packard's  type. 

Fcnniea  is  of  a  ditierent  type  from  the  preceding.  The  color  is  dark, 
blackish,  ordinary  spots  contrasting  yellowish,  as  is  also  the  hind  mar- 
gin in  the  <?  .  The  prinmries  are  long  and  uniisally  narrow.  Tiie  i 
parts  are  of  a  type  not  uncommon  in  the  genus.  Tlie  clasper  consists  of 
a  single,  subequal  curved  corneous  hook.  The  iiarpesare  broad,  rather 
abruptly  narrowed  before,  and  obliquely  rounded  at  tip. 

riecta  is  a  small  species,  bright  carmine  or  deep  brown  red  in  color, 
the  costa  whitish  or  yellow,  the  ordinary  spots  small,  pale  ringed. 
It  is  a  very  bright,  easily  recognizable  fbiin  with  genitalia  \i\n\ftnnica 
in  all  essential  i)oints. 

CoUaris  is  a  well-marked  species ;  the  head  superiorly  and  the  collar 
are  deep  purplish  black;  the  luimaries  are  dark  ;  the  transverse  lines 
l>ale  and  very  even  ;  cell  between  the  spots  black.  The  ^  genitalia  are 
distinctive.  Tl'e  liarpes  are  corneous,  narrowed  to  tip,  where  they  are 
furnished  witi.  .  short  spni  projecting  re<!tangularly ;  on  the  inferior 
margin,  which  is  irreguhu'.  is  another  short  and  slightly  curved  acute 
projection. 

sYXorsis  oi'  sricciKs. 


'^,1*1 1 


Black  or  (lurk  fspotr*  or  sli.n(l<i  on  coslii,  markiiij;  inception  of  s.  t.  lino. 
Apices  of  priiniiricM  roiindctl. 

Color  lutcoMs  lo  red  brown;  cell  lictwcc-n  oiilinai'v   .spots  not  liiaik,  tlic  liiitcr 

liUf^C MA.IA. 

Color   jfrfivisli    yellow;  coll     between   ordinary   spots    black,    tlio  latter  small, 

NuliMANlAXA. 

Color  blacUi.sli  ;    snperior   portion  of  basal  space  and  a  laiji(^  indelinito  costal 

pat  I'll  over  t.  p.  line,  reddish niCAKNKA. 

Apices  of  i»riinaiies  reclan^nlar  oi' soniewliat  produced, 

Color  dark  ;  orbii  nlar  open  ;   V-sliapod  discolorons  and  reddisb c-.nkiisii.m. 

Color  red  brown  ;  orbicular  coinplele. 

Primaries  eloni;ate  ;  t.  p.  line  distinct. nosi'irALIs. 

Primaries  shorter,  ti'i;^ona(e;  t.p.  line  indistinct,  often  piinctiloren.i'i'.KcoM'l.UA. 
No  dark  costal  spots  or  jiatcli  initiatin;;  s.  t.  line. 
Collar  coiK.'olorons  or  paler. 
Color  yoilow  to  red  brown. 

Si/0  larj;o ;  color  brijjht  red  brown:  t.  \>.  line  ii'rej;ular:  orliiciilnr  small,  pale, 
nnmd I'iivi.i.oimioua. 


•  « 

It 


78  jn'LLETIN    38,  UNITED    STATES    NATIONAli    MUSEUM. 

Size  siiiiilloi';  ciiIdi'  diirkcr,  .sordid;  t.  |i.  linn  vciy  I'Vt'ii,  ri'j;i;hii':  ()rl)i<'nlai' 
lar;;!',  coneoioioiis,  irrcj^fiihir.  coiiiplotc uriuKKifA. 

C»li>r  liiijflit.  iiion:  ycUnw  ;  t.  ]>.  lino  iri'oj;iiiar ;  orbicular  obloiij;,  obliiiiic, 
t)\n-ii  siiin'riorly oui.ata. 

Color  fvcii,  yellowish  brown,  vcin.s  darker,  ordinary  sjiots  coniplct*' ;  .size 
.•small.  \vin^.><  narrower liosvKiA. 

Color  sorilid  j^ray  i  lines  and  spot.s  faintly  marked;   vestitiire  nnuHnally  liairy, 

HAVA. 

Color  blacki.sli ;  ordinary  spot.s  yellowish,  eoutrastinu  ;  internal  marf^in   in  the 

^  jiale  :  primaries  narrow,  el  (initiate ri:.\Ni<;A. 

Color  bright  carmine  or  lake  to  red  bKMvn;  eosta  pale,  wliiiisli:  oKJiii.iry  spots 

small,  ;inniilate  with   white;  a  da.sh  from  base  tlni>ii;j,li  discal  eell  Idacdc  ; 

>i/e  small i'i.r.i:rA. 

Collar  dark    piMplish   black;  lines  very  even  pale,;    cell  between  oi'dinai'y  spots 

black COLLAlU.s. 

Noctua  baja.  Fabr. 

17-7.  r.ibr.,  Mant.  Ins..  ii,  17.'),  XocIiki. 

17".ll.  Oliv.,  f.iic.  Metli.,  \  111,  IM"),  y<i,:lii(i. 

171i:!.  r.abr..  Eiit.  Sy.st.,  Ill,  '2,  7(11),  yiwtiiii. 

17;t:i.  (iniel.,  Ed.  Einn.,  Syst.  Nat.,  y.'.7;i,  Xoctna. 

l-l(i.  Iliib.,  \'er/.eiehniss,  '■^'■I'-i,  .imuthcx. 

Iri'M.  Iliib.,  I.e)..  Eiir.,  Noel.  i\ ,  |)1.  'J.'.,  C.  H'.i,  Xix-din. 

I'^.VJ.  (in.,  .Sp.  (Jen.,  Noct.  i,  .\urliiti. 

IS'iCi.  Wlk.,  C.  H.  Mils.,  Lep.  x,  li'.HI,  Ciuiihiplioni. 

\H1U.  Speyer,  Stt!tt.  Ent.  Zeit.,  xx.wi,  l-,''J,  .l;iroli-<. 

l-'7<'..  (Jrote,  I5nll.  lintV.  Soc.  N,  II.,  in,  -0.  Aurolix. 

Ltiti'ou.s  to  red  brown.  TnuKsvcr.sc  li!U'>s  :ill  ovidont,  little  darker 
tliiiii  .uiuimd  color.  Tlio  costal  spot.s  at  imreptioii  of  s.  t.  line  only, 
black  or  Ulacki.sh.  Trati.sverse  lines  seininiite.  J>a.s;il  liail'liiu'  di.stinct. 
T.  a.  line,  sli.ulitly  and  eveidy  conve.\  outwardly.  T.  p.  line  very  even, 
.'^innati',  curve  over  cell  very  slight.  The  outer  line  i.s  marked  witii 
darker  venular  dot.s.  »S.  t  line  narro  v.  li.stiiKtt,  very  even,  i>arallel  to 
outer  inar<^in.  Ordinary  ;pot.s  larse,  coMcoIorou.s  delineil  by  a  narrow 
]mle  annulu.s  and  the  Nli;.  htly  darker  tilli'isj;  o^'  cell.  Heiiilbrni  slightly 
constricted  at  inidd!(\  inleiiorly  shiMu'd  with  blackish.  (Jlavilbrin  very 
short,  illy  and  usually  incompletely  «io(in':d.  HecoiMlaries  I'roni  pah' 
luteous  to  d;irk  i^UMiky  fuscous,  ileneath,  jiowdered  with  reddish;  a 
common  dark  extradiscial  line  and  lunate  (liscal  spot.  Thorax  and  head 
coneolorous  with  primaries;  ;ibd()nien  with  secondaries. 

Expands  ;}(i-K» ;  1.11-1. (lO  inches. 

IIaijitat. — Kuroi)e  and  United  States. 

A  wide-winj-ed  species  with  rather  lonji'  and  very  sli;^litly  waved 
fiiiifres.  Easily  distin,i[,niished  by  the  icddisii  color  iuid  th<^  i)rominent 
costal  spot.s  at  iiK-eption  of  s.  1.  line ;  the.se  are  usually,  bhutk  and  in 
the  <;reiit  majority  of  specimens  the  darkest  part  of  the  wiitji'. 

A  very  remarkal>le  amount  of  variation  is  found  in  this  sjtecie.s. 
I.ederer  says  the  anteri(»r  tibia' are  !iot  spiuo.se.  in  alli  he  Atnerican 
.specimens exiimined  spines  are  distinctly  present,  thougli  insomecasew 
well  liidtlen  by  the  vestiture.     I  have  been  unable  to  examine  lOuropean 


...JTa 


liEVISION    OF   SPKCIES    OF    THE    GENUS    AGiiOTIS. 


79 


speciiiHMiK,  so  r  ciiii  not  be  certain  whether  we  have  not  here  as  in  the 
case  of  triaitf/nlum  and  nornumiana,  distinct  species.  On  ti»e  wliohi,  I 
am  inclined  to  believe  Lederer  in  error,  because  many  specimens  cas- 
ually examined  with  a  lens  merely,  aj)pear  unarmed.  As  to  the  amount 
of  variation,  tiiat  of  ground  color  is  remarkable;  eastern  material  is 
luore  or  less  irrorate  with  red.  Western  specimens  teud  to  become 
much  more  evenly  colored,  the  color  a  shade  of  luteous.  The  prima- 
ries are  narrower,  more  equal,  and  the  secondaries  have  the  IVinyes 
longer;  the  ])ali)i  are  hehl  like  those  of  the  cupula  group,  and  were  it 
not  for  the  fact  thatsuflicient  material  is  at  hand  to  prove  the  identity  of 
tlu^  eastern  and  western  forms,  1  migiit  have  i>la('ed  some  of  the  latter 
iiito  the  ciipidd  group  with  a  new  name,  overlooking  the  inconspic- 
uous si>inulation  of  the  fore  tibia.  A  specimen  from  ti>e  Rocky  Mount- 
ains, received  from  Mr.  Moescihler,  would  be  abnost  infallibly  placed 
in  the  cvpi<hi  grou[)  without  cU)S(^  examination.  Mr.  ]\Ioeschler  indeed, 
whose  knowledge  of  the  Xo(tiii<l(V  is  certainly  considerable,  entirely 
tailed  to  recognize  its  identity. 

It  is  to  be  nirted  here  that  S|)eyer,  in  comparing  the  speciuiens  of  both 
<"!>ntinents,  speaks  of  tiiis  variability,  but  comes  to  tiie  conclusion  that 
i;">  are  s])('citicallj'  ich'utical.  However,  he  says  also  that  the  anterior 
tibiae  of  si)ecimens  from  both  continents  are  unarmed. 

The  species  is  not  rare,  but  is  usually  nu)re  (Mimmon  northwardly. 
Atro2)os  belladonna  has  been  recorded  as  ,i  food  plaut  of  the  species. 

Noctua  normaniana  CUt. 

lH7t.  Grt.,  'I'r.'iiis.  Am.  Eiit.  (Soc,  v,  d'J,  Jjrotia. 

1 1  ill  inj  II I II  lit  t  AiK't. 
ISM.  (ill.,  Nuct.,  I.  :i:!l,  Xortiiii. 
IHoCt.  Wlk.,('.  15.  Mils.  Lt'p..  x,  :!".M»,  (.m^ihiphora. 
1S(W.   Hctli.,  ('mm.  Eiit.,  I,  -'11,  driiiiliijilioni. 
lf<74.  tilt.,  Trans.  Am.  Eiit.  Sue,  v,  t*'J,  [ir.  Myii. 

ohtiim  SiM'.VBi'. 
lS7r«.  .SpcyiM',  Stett.  I'>iii.  Zt'it.,  XXXVI,  I'Jl,  Aiji-oHd. 

Yellowish  gray  with  ii  nu)re  or  less  evident  rosy  tint.  Cell,  except 
ordinary  spots,  bliUik,  costal  spot  iit  inception  of  :s.  t.  lini'.  also  black, 
very  distinct.  Alacudation  else  fuscous.  iJasal  liiu!  e\  ident,  t.  a.  line 
gemiiiiite,  outwiirdly  obliipie,  but  little  sinuate  ;  t.  p,  line  geuiinate,  very 
even,  upright,  incurved  only  over  cell;  the  inner  line  rather  narrow, 
somewhat  Innate;  outer  wider  and  v»'ry  even  ;  a  row  of  venular  dots 
just  beyond  outer  line.  S.  t.  line  paler,  well  luaiked,  sinuate,  preceded 
by  a  brown  shade  and  a  few  small  black  dots.  An  even  somewhat 
dillused  dusky  shade  crosses  the  median  space.  (JIavitbrm  faintly  in- 
dicated. Ordinary  spots  concolorons,  seldoiu  entirt^ly  complete  ;  orbicu- 
lar irregularly  oval,  obliipie,  oi»eu  superiorly.  Keniform  narrow,  lunate 
usually  incomph^te  interiorly.  Secondaries  smoky  fuscous,  lieneath 
powdered  with  blackish,  a  marked  lommon  line  and  discal  lunule.  Head 
and  thorax  i;oncolorous  with  priaiaries. 


in 


-)<IIH 

.■ll*'« 


80 


BULLETIN   :iS,  UNITED    STA  I'ES    NATIONAL    MUSEUM. 


h 


tiiiiu 

,11,  .. 

^lill 


Expands  3.">-;5U""";  1,10-1.50  inclics. 

UabitA'J". — Nortlieni  and  oasttrn  UnittMl  States,  Canada. 

This  species  lias  been  very  {ieneraily  confounded  wiih  the  European 
trianf/Hlum,  from  which  it  is  nevertheless  perfe<'tly  distinct.  Mr,  Clrote 
in  describing;'  the  species,  Dr.  Speyer  in  describing  obtusa,  and  after- 
ward Dr.  Zeller  i)ointed  out  the  ditlerences  in  ornanRMitation,  which, 
however,  are  not  greater  than  the  variation  observed  in  allied  spe<!iea. 
Mr.  Grote  found  a  structural  character  in  the  antenn;''  whicli  have  a 
stout  bristle  on  each  side  of  each  joint,  beside  the  usual  cilia'.  In  addi- 
tion the  genitalia  of  the  S  show  evident  dillerences;  they  are  so  nearly 
of  the  same  type  that  community  of  descent  is  demonstraied,  but  the 
inferior  finger  on  the  harpes  is  in  tfianijulum  reduced  to  a  mere  acute 
spur,  and  tiiere  is  no  ac(U'ssorv  piece  furnishing  the  base  of  clasper  and 
exceeding  tln^  liarpe.  On  tlie  contrary,  the  clasper  arises  from  the 
thickened,  corneous  margin  of  the  liarpe  and  is  of  almost  identically  tJie 
same  shape  as  novmnnuinn. 

The  peculiar  yellow  gray  color,  and  the  contrasting  black  cell  furnish 
well-maiked  characters  to  separate  the  speities, 

Leden-r  says  of  tridiuinlnm  *'sliient'ii  iinbedorut."  Speyer  says  this  is 
eri'or,  but  the  spines  are  very  short  and  iiidistinctt.  In  oiii'  s[»ecies  they 
are  \ery  evident. 

Noctua  esurialis  (.'rh 

18S1.  fill..  Can.  Eiit.  xiii,  l;;i,  .hjroli". 

"This  species  has  all  the  tibiae  8i)inose,  In  color  ir  is  like  perconfiua^ 
being  of  a  jiale  ruddy  brown  over  ocliers .  The  stigmuta  are  c()n(H>lor- 
ous,  and,  as  in  Normanimni,  set  in  a  black  sitot.  The  orbicular  nearly 
touches  the  reiiiforni  inl'eiioiiy,  leaving  a  blackish  brown  V"''''P*'"l 
space  between  the  stigmata.  The  <ubicular  is  open  to  costa,  oblicpie, 
widening  above,  preceded  by  a  narrow  black  shade  on  the  cell.  Jieni- 
forni  widening  iiiferiorly,  cousiricted,  up.  ight.  Lines  dark;  t.  a.  line 
single,  marked  on  costa  above,  the  oriucidar,  sinuate,  incomplet.'.  T. 
p.  line  indicated  by  venular  dots,  as  als(»  the  s.  t,  line,  which  is  followed 
by  a  faint  narrow  pale  shade  and  is  inaugiuated  on  costa  by  a  curved 
mark.  The  species  seems  to  belong  to  the  .series  of  n(hifer«.  prn'oujlua^ 
Ililliana,  coth'lii.s,  \(tr>H(ini(iiut.  Hind  wings  ]»ale  fuscous,  with  the 
fringes  and  outer  edge  colored  like  primaries.  Head  a  little  [laler  than 
thorax,  with  the  pali»i  darker  at  the  sides.  Abdomen,  at  the  sidew  and 
beneath,  tinged  with  rosy  b!'o\vn.  Wings  beneath  tinged  with  ruddy, 
especially  on  th(^  margins  and  outside  of  the  extra  mesial  fuscous  line. 
Discal  marks  indi.'aied." 

Expanse  .U""". 

IlAHiTAT — WaRhingt«tti.     (Collected  by  II.  K.  Morrison. 

Evidently  allied  to  Xorm'tniioin,  but  smaller  and  of  a  somewhat 
d'tf'erent  color.  1  have  nothiui''  that  1  could  refer  to  this  species  in  at)y 
of  thv^  eolle<'tions  stutlied  bv  me. 


I 


[ 


ill-(U 

ordii 

(Jell 

twict 

para 

reiiui 


REVISION    OF    Sl'l'CIlvS    OF    TKE    GENUS    AGKOTIS. 


81 


)ii(H>Ior- 
iieaiiy 

>li(liie, 
IJonl- 
a,  liiM^ 
T. 
llowi'd 
iirvi'd 

1 1  tlie 
r  than 
-i  and 
niddy, 
IS  lint*. 


icwliat 
in  any 


Noctua  bicarnea  (in. 

lHr>3.  Gti.,  Sp.  (Jen.  Noct.,  i,  :i'i>,  Xoctii,).. 
isnc.   Wlk.,  C.  I!.  Mils.,  \,  KIU,  (1  ntiiliiiilnira. 
188l».  liiitler,  Trans.  Eiit.So.-.,  I.oml.,  IHs;),  IN:;,  .1  ,„,ilhr>i. 
plagiula  Wlk. 

tWu  \Vlk.,<:'.  IS,  MiiH,,  Lcp.  Hot.  vxxii,.(;()l,  Miimifiha. 

lS8\i.  (Jrt.,lil.,  E.sHjty  U.jir,  syn, 

i-8lJ.  iJutl.,Tiaiis.  Ent.8oc.,L<>ii<l.,  I-,-i\  :58:!,  jd-.  syn. 

Smoky  Mack,  sni)i'rior  i»art  of  basal  si)act'  and  a.  larijc  iricunlar  and 
il!-d(!tin('(l  roistal  i)al(!h-ov('r  t.  p.  line  canu'on.s  or  ratlu'r  pale  ri'd  brown; 
ordinary  sjtor.s  with  a  siniiiar  tiii.iie  and  nart'ow  aiuiuli  olsauje  color. 
Cell  of  a  (hooper  Itlack.  liinos  gvniinati",  l)asal  bur  (li:>{in<'t;  t.  a.  liiu'. 
twico  ontwardly  cnrvod,  obliipu-,  t.  j).  lin(^  rather  even,  illy  dciintMl 
parallel  witli  onler  niar<;in;  k.  t.  line  ]»alc,  pnnetiforin  or  Innate,  \ery 
regnlar;  <;lavifori:i  wanting;  renilbrni  railier  narrow,  somewhat  irregn- 
!ar,  elongate;  orbicular  narrow,  oblicjue,  oblong.  Secondaries  smoky 
l!is(!ous.  llcneath  smoky,  witii  a  blackish  common  line;  secondaries 
paler  toward  base,  pnwdery,  di.scai  buinie  jiresent.  Collar  brown, 
thorax  mixed  witli  red  l»ro\vj». 

Expands  .'57-11""";   1..")-1.(m  inches. 

llAlUTAT— Tnited  States^  <'ast  of  the  l'ock.>   Monidains. 

Avery  w»'ll  marked  sftecies,  easily  recogni/a'.»le  Itv  the  dark  color 
and  the  contrasting  i«'d  brown  blotche...  The  primaries  are  nnnsiiaily 
«)btuse. 

The  initial  black  patches  <»f  s.  t.  line  are,  owing  to  the  daik  ground 
color  of  wing,  rather  U  .-s  distinct  than  usnal,  but  yet  always  e\  itb'nt. 

Noctiia  treatii  (irt. 

|H7.S(!l(.,  (.'an    l.nl,  \ii,  ISC,     liiroih. 

"  6.  Allied  to  .1.  lii'dnwK  <-,,..  sMialiri'  and  distingidshabh^  by  the 
evenness  of  the  t.  p.  line.  I'oie  wings  dead  browni-.h  i)liick.  T.  a, 
lino  rigidly  obli(p;e  to  sulimevlian  fold,  not  I'ounded  as  in  iisaii\,  and 
with  a  less  promiinnl  tooth  on  internal  margin.  A  \t'iy  faint  yellowish 
shading  to  tlu-  line  and  al.so  on  the  costa  at  the  inception  of  t.  p.  line, 
when^  A,  hhornix  i.s  strongly  inaiked  with  cai'neous.  T.  p.  lim'  shapi'd 
as  in  its  ali.N,  bnt  even,  geminare,  the  inner  line  not  scallo[>ed;  theiiom- 
o<»nenf  lines  inrinde  a  pale  shading.  Dise  velvety  black  lu'tween  tin; 
iiM'row  8tiganita,  whicii  art)  concolortnis  wii  h  the  de.id  bhick  of  tin;  wing. 
•A  black  vshade  at  basi'  below  tin;  iru'dian  vein.  All  the  transvers*'  lines 
geminate;  the  inner  of  the  basal  and  t.p.,and  themucr  line  of  the  (.a., 
marked  with  velvet.v  black.  In  «un'  specinuni  there  is  an  absenee.  of  tiui 
velvety  b'.ack  shrtiJes ;  this  one  is  in  impeift>cl  condition  and  allows  of 
iiocertain  description.  Ilind  wingsyellowish  giax ,  paler  than  ii\  hiiornctt, 
with  a  notice«i)h-  terminal  <larker  sluiding,  Heneath  with  connnon  iii!«A 
and  strong  Innnle  on  .secoiidari«'s.  Ih>ad  dark  bictwii  on  vertex,  with 
pttle  nnirginai  liiu's;  terminal  palpal  J(>ints  pate;  collar  blown,  with  a 
2;i;(i4.'^— Hnil.  iM (t 


.  'if*  "I 


82 


BULLKTIX 


58,  UNITED    STATES   NATIONAL    MUSEUM. 


black  iiiiil  jmle  line  at  base.     Lejjs  dark,  pale  dotted.     Thorax  brownisli 
black,  with  pale  line  at  base  of  tegul;,'.     \bdoiueu  like  secondaries.'' 

Expanse  34' ;  1.3G  inches. 

Habitat — Massachusetts. 

A  very  close  ally  of  bharnea. 

i  have  seen  oidy  a  single  specimen,  which  fnlly  agrees  with  the  above 
descrii)tion,  and  this  is  now  in  the  coll.  U.  S.  N.  Mus.  It  is  much  larger 
tlian  given  by  Mr.  Grote,  expanding  fully  40""".  There  is  no  locality 
label,  and  I  have  no  idea  where  the  specimen  came  from.  It  is  easily 
known  by  its  resemblance  to  bioarnea,  but  lacking  the  carneous  shade. 

Noctua  coiichis  Oit. 

187!)  Grt.,  N.  Am.  Eiit.  i,  4:?  Aurotin. 

IHHO  (Jrt.,  Trans.  Kans.  Ac.  N.  Sci.  vii,  Oii,  Agrotia. 

1882  Grt.,  III.  Essay,  51,  pi.  1,  f.  8,  AgroHa. 

"All  the  tibia',  spinose.  Allied  to  ^'-n/V/r?rm ;  recalls  i7(7/m?m  by  the 
brightness  of  the  ocher  stigmata.  Fore  wings  bright  lilac  unty,  smooth, 
with  a  blackisli  tone.  Base  ocher,  bounded  by  tiie  half  line.  Orbicular 
light  ocher,  open  to  the  costa,  outwardly  oblique.  Ileniform  upright, 
wide  at  base,  with  a  deep  ocher  interior  ring.  Median  lines  wide  aiuut. 
Exterior  line  evenly  scalloi)ed,  followed  by  points.  Suhterminal  space 
darker,  with  blackish  costal  shade.  Subterminal  iinc  followed  by  a  ])ale 
shade  line.  Terminal  si)ace  like  s.  t,,  gray  i>t  ai)ice.-;.  Disc  Itelween 
and  about  the  stigmata  clouded  witli  rich  blackish  brown.  Claviform 
iiulicated.  Median  shade  api>arent  below  reniform.  Head  and  collar 
bright  ocher;  tegnhe  brownish  ocher;  dorsum  very  pale  dusty  ocher. 
Hind  wings  m  ith  a  ]»ale  ocliery  ground,  shaded  witii  fuscous.  Heneath, 
pale,  with  common  continued  scalloi)ed  line  and  discal  hmule  open  on 
primaries.  Abdomen  light  brownish  ocher;  breast  light  bniwnish ; 
palpi  dark  brown  at  sides.     lOxpanse  40"""." 

I  lABiTAT — Colorado, 

A  fair  representation  of  tliis  species  is  in  the  llliisC3-.ited  lOssay,  show- 
ing it  to  be  related  to  hicanuti,  from  which  it  (iittt*«»-in  the  discohuous 
orbicular,  and  the  want  of  tiie  brown  pat«;h  at  ip«*~f»rion  of  t.  p.  line.  1 
have  not  seen  it  in  nature. 

Noctua  c-Digrum  Linn. 

ITi'iH.  Linn.,  Syst.  Nat.  Ed.  x,  r.lil,  Xodim. 

ITCiT.  Linn.,  Syst.  Nat.  Ed.  xii,  H.VJ,  Xortna. 

IHlC).  Illin.,  Voiv,ci('iiiiis8,  ii'j;!,  Afcijuntina. 

18.VJ.  On.,  Noct.,  I,  ;i'JH,  yixtiia. 

18.')(!.  Wlk.,  C.  1!.  Mus.  Lcp.,  x,  liHi),  (hophiiihoni. 

Irtil!.  Edw.,  Papilio,  in,  i;!;!.  AiiroiiH, 

Smoky  fuscous  with  a  red  brown  shade;  basal  and  terminal  space 
darker;  <?el[  bhufkish;  costa  between  median  lines  (nirneous  or  jtale  red 
brown.  Ha.sal  line  single,  black,  veiy  distinct,  terminating  in  a  rather 
iudelinit-e  black  patch.    T.  a.  line  ol)so|ctel,v  geminate,  even,  obli(jue. 


M. 


REVISION    OF    SPKCIES    OF    THE    GENUS    AGROTIS. 


83 


:  browiiisli 
idiiries." 


tlio  abovo 
iidi  liiryor 
lo  locality 
t  is  easily 
OILS  .shade. 


)i((   by  tlic 

\ ,  SlllOOtll, 

Orbicuiliii' 

I  iiprif^bt. 

ido  apj'rt. 

iiial  spact' 

I  by  a  j)alc 

!    I  »e  I  ween 

Clavironn 

and  collar 

sty  oclier. 

lU'iieatlj, 

e  (ipen  on 

irownisli ; 


*ay.  show- 
seoloroiis 
p.  line,    i 


iial  space 

pale  red 

I  a  ratliei' 

,  obli(jne. 


T.  p.  line  often  entirely  obsolete,  usually  consisting;  of  a  double  row  of 
venular  points.  S.  t.  line  pale,  often  punctiforai,  best  marked  bj'  the 
sliglit  contrast  between  terminal  and  s.  t.  space ;  the  black  spots  on 
costa  distinct.  Claviforra  faintly  indicated,  concolorous.  Orbicidar 
open  superiorly,  V-shaped,  pale  red  brown.  lieniform  kidney-shaped, 
outlined  in  black,  the  inferior  portion  dusky,  superior  portion  with  a 
red«lish  shade.  Secondaries  smoky,  paler  toward  base.  Beneath 
smoky,  secondaries  paler,  powdery,  a  common  line  distinct  only  on  costa 
of  both  wiuj^s.  Thorax  concolorous;  collar  testaceous.  Thorax  with 
u  low  anterior  and  posterior  divided  tuft. 

Expands  40-44""";  1.60-1.75  inches. 

Habitat. — Europe  and  North  America. 

It  seems  unnecessary  to  detail  the  characters  of  this  well-known 
species:  the  broad  pallid  open  orbicular  contrasting  with  the  other- 
wise rather  dark  primaries  sutliciently  distinguishes  it.  The  European 
specimens  are,  as  a  rule,  much  paler  and  more  distinctly  marked  than 
American  examples,  else  there  is  no  great  difference. 

The  ajiices  of  primaries  are  more  distinct  than  in  the  preceding  spe- 
cies.   The  life  history  of  the  species  has  been  fre(iuently  written. 

Noctua  hospitalis  Grt. 

1882.  Grt.,  Can.  Ent.,  xiv,  184,  Jgrotis. 
188<i.  Grt.,  ran.   Ent.,  xviii,  'iiO—pvrconfliia^ 

Red  brown.  Basal  line  distinct,  single,  «lurk''r  brown.  T.  a.  line 
Jaintly  geminate,  outer  line  distinct,  blackish,  sliglitly  irreguhir,  out- 
wardly oblique.  T.  p.  line  geminate,  outwardly  mirvi  I  over  cell,  then 
j)arallel  with  outer  margin ;  outer  line  punctiform,  the  dark  venular 
jioints  accomi>anied  by  pale  dots.  tS.  t.  line  pale,  narrow,  very  slightly 
sinuate;  dark  costal  shade  at  inception,  distinct,  brown.  The  me<lian 
space  is  slightly  darker  lu-own  than  the  rest  of  the  wing  aiul  is  crossetl 
by  an  indefinite  blackish  shade  line  at  outer  third.  Ordinary  spots 
well  sized;  orbicular  ntund,  annulate  with  yellowish  scales,  concolor- 
ous. Keuiform  kidney-shaped,  outlined  by  a,  narrow,  yellow  annulus, 
iid'eriorly  darker,  else  concolorous.  Claviforni  very  faintly  indicated. 
8e(!ondarie8  smoky  yellowish.  Beneath  smoky,  itowilercd  with  ri^l 
along  margins  ;  a  common  extra  di.scal  dark  line.  Secondaries  with  a 
discal  Ittniile.    Thorax  concolorous;  head  paler  with  a  yellowish  tinge. 

Expands . '57""" ;  1.")  inches. 

IlABITA'I'.— New  York. 

A  single  9  spetimen,  the  type,  is  in  Mr.  llilTs  colbM-tion.  It  is  closely 
allied  to  the  European  brumicd,  but  is  perfectly  distinct  from  any 
American  species  structurally  allie<l  to  it.  From  pcreoinhm  to  whicli 
Mr.  (Tiote  .seems  incjlined  to  refer  it.  i'  .otters  at  once  in  wing  form. 
The  primaries  are  more  elongace  attii  with  more  distinctly  produced 
apices  than  iu  porconjlua. 


TV 


84 


nULLETIN    :?8,  UNITEn    STATES   NATIONAL    MUSEUM. 


•nm. 
IN. 

C; 


Noctua  percoiiflua,  (iit. 

1876.  Grt.,  Ann.  Lye.  Nat.  Hist.  X.  Y.,  xi,  ;;oi,  .lyrotia. 

roiijliiii  t  (!rt. 
1874.  (ill.,  Ci  Kci)t.  IVab.  Ac.  2."),  Agrolh. 
1874.  Grl.,  Can.  Eiit.,  vr,  71,  AgrotU. 
1H8U.  IJutlfi-,  Trans.  Kiit.  Soc.  London,  IrtSO,  Wf^'i^imGrnph'iphora  jiieunda,  Wlk. 

Palo  reil  brown,  vaiyin^  to  ycllowivsh  red;  the  colors  more  or  le.s.s 
mottled,  never  entirely  even.  Basid  line  distinct,  bliickisli,  ob.soletely 
geminate.  T.  a.  line  upright,  irregular,  outer  line  black  and  distinct 
though  narrow,  inner  line  hardly  and  in  some  cases  not  at  all  traceable. 
T.  p.  line  geminate,  i)unctiform,  its  cour.se  sinuate.  S.  t.  line  distinct 
pale,  sinuate.  The  costal  patch  at  inception  of  s.  t.  line  is  distinct,  red 
brown  in  color.  There  is  a  dusky  median  shade  most  distinct  betwe(Mi 
stigmata.  Claviforni  iudicated,  never  completely  outlined.  Stignuita 
well  sized,  outlined  by  narrow  pale  annuli.  Orbicular  round  concolor- 
ous.  Kenilbrm  distinctly  kidney  shaped,  never  constricted  at  each  side 
of  the  middle ;  usually  paler,  nu)re  or  le.sssuttused  with  yellowish  dusky 
in  inferior  i)ortioii.  Secondaries  pale  smoky  yellowish.  Beneath  pale, 
powdered  with  reil ;  a  distinct  dusky  extra  discal  line;  secondaries 
with  a  discal  lunule.  Thorax  concolorous  with  primaries,  head  i)iiler, 
more  yellowish. 

Expands  31-3.'5""»— 1.2-1.3  inches. 

Habitat. — Northern  and  Eastern  States,  Canada,  and  northward. 

This  is  the  nearest  approach  to  hosjnfalis  iw  our  fauna  and  is  well  dis- 
tinguished I'rom  that  si)ecies  by  the  obtuse  apex  of  primaries.  From 
ruhij'cra,  with  which  the  si>ecies  has  been  confounded,  it  is  well  separated 
by  the  shape  of  the  reniform  aiul  the  costal  patch  at  inception  oft.  a.  line. 
Unfortunately,  I  have  not  succeeded  in  getting  a  rj  of  this  species.  1 
doubt  whether  C'0»//(m  occurs  in  America.  I  have  never  seen  a  specinuMi. 
INIr.  (Irote  cites  "  Anticosti,"  but  his  examinations  were  made  before  he 
recognized  the  distinctness  tA'  pcrconflKu,  and  1  have  seen  specimens, 
umloubtedly  this  species,  labeled  conjlua  ftde  Grote.  iNIr.  IJutler  says, 
Trans.  Ent.  Soc.  Loud.,  18SJ),  382,  under  Amatliusjuvumla  Wlk.,  Lep. 
ITet.,  X,  ."»!)1)  {(irophiphora),  "This  is  the  Atirotis  conjlua  of  tlrote's  collec- 
tion, but  iu)t  of  Europe.'* 

It  is  very  probable  that  Mr.  Butler  is  right,  and  that  Walker's  species 
is  either  the  present  species  or  something  very  like  it.  INlr.  (Irote  was 
not  certain  as  tt)  what  was  really  co^/^m,  and  he  has  labeh'd  autre  than 
one  species  with  this  nanu'..  Without  knowing  exactly  what  .Air.  (Jrote 
had  as6'o«y/H<f,  it  would  be  unsafe  to  substitute  juvkikUi  for  pcrconjhia. 

Noctua  eiiensis,  Git. 
1878.  Grt.,  Rnll.  Goot.  Surv.  iv,  177,  Ayrolin. 

"  S  All  the  tibiaii  armed.  ii'vM  oi'  man i/estolahcs  and  similarly  colored. 
Ocher  and  reddish  brown.  Antenna^  simple,  and  thus  dill'ering  at  once 
from  its  ally.  Froi\t  and  collar  ochery;  thorax  reddish  brown;  anal 
hairs  ocherous.  Base  of  primaries  and  costal  region  dilfiisely  ochery; 
t>|se  the  wiug  is  reddi.sh  brown,    Linos  black,  broken,  illegible,    Stig- 


mata 
neai( 
(larl. 
iiui(;l 
iiiien, 
An 
of  ])i;i 
ance 


KEVISION    OF    SPECIES    OF   THE    GENUS    AOROTIS. 


85 


iiiatii  faint,  sliiuk'tl  witli  ocliery,  inodoratoly  larjic  Siibtcniiiiiiil  line 
nearer  the  external  inarj^in  ami  more  even  than  its  ally.  prectMled  by 
(lark  points.  Hind  \vinjjsi)ah'  fuscous,  with  yeUowish  fringes.  Ilencath 
iiiiieli  as  in  vmnifestolahes,  common  line  and  «liscal  ])()ints.  One  spec- 
imen, l*irie  County,  New  York.     (Collected  by  A.  11.  (lr(»te,  in  .Inly.)" 

An  apparently  well-marked  species  with  a  resemblaniu^  to  some  forms 
of  perrontlna  ami  probably  somewhat  intermediate  in  size  and  ap|)ear- 
ance  between  that  si)ecies  and  phyUopUora.     Not  known  to  me  in  nature. 


:.,   Lep. 
eoUec- 

species 
ote  was 
)re  than 
( I  rote/ 

■•onthui. 


'olored. 
at  once 
anal 
x'hery ; 
Stig- 


Noctua  phyllophora  Ort. 

1874.  (!rL,  Bull.  Hull.  Soe.  N.  Sci.,  il,  61.  .i<iyi>th. 

IH-'J.  liiitlcr,  Triiiis.  Kril.Soc,  Limil.,  18rf'.(,  '3Si,  AinatlirH. 

(Iiihlii   Hi'tli. 
I*!!-'.   Hetli.,  (';in.  Eiit.,  i,  rti,  Cnijihiiihora. 

Brijjht  red  brown,  somewhat  ronj^hly  scaled:  s.  t.  space  and  an  in- 
dednite  median  shade,  «larker;  at  base  ami  alonu'  costa  powdered  with 
bluish  firay.  IJasal  line  <listinct,  yray ;  t.  a.  line  geminate  included 
space  paler,  ol)li(pie,  thrice  outwardly  curved  in  its  courses;  t.  p.  line 
yeininate,  Innuhite,  outer  line,  more  or  less  ])nn(*tiform,  its  (!0urse  sinu- 
ate. A  row  of  <iv;\y  venular  <lots  follows  the  out<'r  part  of  the  t.  j). 
line.  S.  t.  line  irrej;'ularly  dentate  and  sinuate,  marked  by  the  (^(»ntrast 
between  s.  t.  and  terminal  si>ace.  Claviform  wantin,;;';  ordinary  spots 
liujjfe,  of  normal  shape,  imlistinctly  outlined,  paler,  centered  with 
j^ronnd  <;olor.  Secondaries  smoky;  beneath  uniform  smoky,  [lowdered 
with  red.     Thorax  concolorons. 

Expands  ;{7-lO""";  1.50-1.(50  inches. 

llAiiiTAT. — Ncnthern,  Middle,  and  Kastern  States.. 

A  broad-win}>ed  form,  i)erfectly  distinct  from  any  other  species 
structurally  allied.     Its  chief  ptHiuliarities  have  been  already  referred  to. 

j\Ir.  Butler  cites  alternata,  varir,  a. id  luiriatn  as  synonyms,  but  this  is 
a  wild  reference.  Those  species  are  m)t  even  {jrenerically  identical  \vith 
the  present. 

It  has  been  usual  to  refer  this  as  Ciuenee's  var.  A.  of  dahlii^  but  a  care- 
ful comparisi»n  of  tlie  description  shows  that  this  spetiies  could  not  have 
been  intended,  but  that  a  larye  specimen  of  ruhifem  must  have  served 
as  model  for  the  descrii»tion. 

Noctua  rubifera  (!rt. 

l>>7r).  (Jjt.,  Can.  Kilt.,  VM,  >J07,  'J-'T,  I'l.  i,  f.  1  J,  AurotU. 

riihii  (ivt. 
187").  (Ji't.,  Cuii.  Kut.,  VII,  'J(I7,  Aijrolh. 

dniilii,  vai'.  A. ;  (in. 
1852.  r.n.,  Sp.  (it'll.,  Noct.,  i,  :V.V2,  Xoc.liia. 
18.')(i.  Wlk.,  ('.  I?.  Mils.  Lep.  llct.,  X,  \VX\,  (iraphiphora. 

Dark  brown  red,  varyinji^  in  dei)th ;  s.  t.  and  sometimes  terminal 
space  darker;  color  very  smooth,  even.  All  tlu' lines  distiniit ;  median 
lines  gennnate,  of  a  darke\'  shade  td  brown,  liasal  line  distincit  ;  t.  a. 
line  ontwiirdly  obliipje,  very  little  outwardly  curved  between  veins;  t. 


jiifi 

'H«>|1| 


■lit 


80 


BULLETIN    :?8,  UNITKD    STATKS    NATIONAL    MUSEUM. 


V.'vtl 

w 


«  ■ 


J),  line  with  an  ontwanl  curve  just  below  costa,  tlieiieo  almost  straifjht 
to  inner  iiiar;;in  ;  tlie  inner  line  more  or  less  Inniilate,  the  outer  remark- 
ably eviMi,  forminjj;  the  boundary  of  the  darker  h.  t.  space;  s.  t.  liiu^ 
very  distinct,  i)ale,  .sinuate.  A  dilliise  <lusky  median  shade  most  dis- 
tinct between  the  ordinary  spots.  (Maviform  entirely  obsolete,  or  l)ut 
faintly  indicated.  Ordinary  spots  i)ale  riufjed,  of  jjood  si/.e.  Orbi(!ular 
round,  coiicolorous.  lieniform  uprijjht,  constricted  at  midiUc,  the  inner 
inferior  amjle  someirhat  extended  inwardli/.  Secondaries  yellowish,  fus- 
cous; beneath  smoky,  powdered  with  red  ;  a  distinct  extra  discal  dark 
line.  ;ind  on  secondaries  a  discal  lunule.  Thorax  concolorous  with  pri- 
nuiries,  head  paler. 

Expands  3(>-;i3""";  1.20-1. 32  inches. 

IIap.itat. — Northern  and  Eastern  States,  Canada. 

This  species  has  been  much  confused  in  collections.  I  have  before 
me  now  specimens  labeled  rubi,  rnhifera,  eonjiua,  and  pereonflua,  and 
for  some  of  ihe.se  determiiuitions  Mr.  (Irote  is  responsible.  The  differ- 
eiuies  Itetween  this  species  and  the  European  rnhi  have  been  detailed 
with  i)aiiiful  exactness.  Line  for  line  they  have  been  compared,  and 
even  nmhrom  has  been  brought  in;  but  scarcely  one  of  the  numerous 
diflerences  have  proved  permaiuMit  when  a  htrge  series  of  si)ecimens  has 
been  compaied.  Vet  the  American  species  undoubtedly  looks  dillerent, 
thoufifh  the  localization  of  the  ditlereuce  seems  to  be  almost  impo.ssible. 
A  comparison  of  the  6  genitalia  at  once  demonstrates  the  ditlereuce  of 
the  spe(!ies;  tho.se  of  rnbifera  are  figured;  tho.se  of  rithi  are  much  like 
those  of  norniftniand.  The  harpes  are  the  same,  but  the  clasper  con- 
sists of  one  inferior  short  curved  hook  and  a  lout;  corneous  ridge  form- 
ing part  of  har[>e  and  extending  obli(inely  upward  from  thiahookto  the 
linger-like  process  on  superior  margin.  Of  the  very  sudden  dilation  of 
the  harpes  so  conspicuous  iu  rnbifera  there  is  no  trace.  Vxom  pereon- 
Jlna  this  species  can  be  always  separated  by  the  shape  of  the  reniform. 
which  docs  not  vary  greatly.  Other  differences  will  at  once  strike  the 
student  (tomparing  the  descriptions  and  figures.  It  was  undoubtedly  a 
large  specimen  of  this  species  that  was  mistaken  for  dahlii  by  Guenee. 
J  have  a  specimen  agreeing  perfectly  with  his  comparative  description 


N'octua  oblata  Morr. 

187.''>.  Morr.,  Proo.  IJo.st.  Soc.  N.  II.,  xviii,  IIG,  Agrolia. 

hilliaiia  Tlarv. 
1878.  IT;ii  vcy,  Can.  Eiit.,  x,  .'')r),  Aijrotis. 

Bright  rusty  ocher,  shaded  with  lilac  gray,  median  space  darkest; 
8.  t.  space  witli  a  purplish  tint,  terminal  space  i)aler  ochreous.  Trans- 
verse lines  geminate,  basal  line  distinct.  T.  a.  line  oblicjue;  a  very 
sliglit  curve  to  vein  1,  then  adistinctoutwardcurve  to  inner  margin.  T. 
p.  line  sinuate,  inner  line  faintly  crenulate;  S.  t.  line  marked  only  by 
the  conti'ast  in  color  between  terminal  and  s.  t.  s[»ace,  its  course  sin- 
uate.   Olaviform  distinctly  evident  though  not  completely  outlined. 


RF-VISION   OF   SPECIES    OF    THE    OEXUS    AGROTIS. 


87 


Orliiciiliii' very  liU'g^S  obliiiuc,  siilKjiiadratt',  ojn'ii  superiorly;  outlined 
in  liiiick,  then  with  u  rusty  annulus;  else  paler  than  median  space. 
Heniforni  npri<,'ht,  rather  elon^'ate  and  somewhat  lunate;  outline<l  in 
lilack,  then  a  rusty  annulus;  a  narrow  central  streak  yellow.  The  cell 
is  the  (larkest  part  of  the  winj;.  Secondaries  yellow,  with  an  exterior 
purplish  shade.  Beneath  yellow,  jiowdered  with  red.  Thorax  dis- 
tinctly tufted,  concolorous  with  i)rimaries;  head  and  collar  yellow;  ab- 
domen yellow. 

Expands  .U-.W  "";  l.;}G-I.4-l  inches. 

IIaiutat.— Anticosti;  New  York;  Nevada;  ('alifornia. 

A  well  defined  spe<Mes  allied  {o  perennjlna,  but  juiudi  lijihterand  with 
larjjer  spots,  the  orbicular  entirely  ditferent  in  t'orm  and  charactteristic 
of  the  species. 

I  have  seen  the  types  of  l)oth  obJata  and  hillldna  and  lind  them  en- 
tirely alike.  Tiie  species  seems  conlined  to  the  north,  or  to  mount- 
ainous rejiions.  Mr.  il ill's  specimens  were  from  the  Adirondacks;  the 
California  specimens  are  from  the  Sierra  Nevada. 

Noctiia  I'osaria  (jrl. 
Is7rt.  Grt.,  Hull.  (ion\.,  Siirv..  iv,  IT-J,    lijrotix. 

Tale,  somewhat  yellowish  red  brown,  of  variable  intensity.  Trans- 
verse lines  entirely  obsoletn  in  the  dark  specimens,  very  faintly  delined 
in  i)aler  forms;  so  far  as  traceable,  yeminate.  T.  a.  line  with  a  siifiiit, 
even,  outwatd  curve;  t.  j).  line  very  even,  parallel  with  outer  marf,'in. 
T.  p.  line  pale,  sinuate,  traceable  on  all  specin)ens  thus  far  seen.  There 
is  SI  distinct  dusky  median  shade,  darkest  between  the  ordinary  spots, 
but  even  this  in  dark  specimens  is  hardly  traceable.  Ordinary  spots 
sometimes  concolorous  and  hardly  definable,  sometimes  very  distinct, 
l)owdered  with  yellowisli  scales,  moderate  in  size,  normal  in  form. 
Claviforni  very  faintly  indicated.  Secondaries  i)ale  yellow  fuscous. 
Beneath  powdered  with  red,  and  with  a.  more  or  less  evident  common 
extradiscal  line  and  discal  lunule.     Uead  and  thorax  concolorous. 

Exi)ands  211-32""";  1.1(5-1.28  inches. 

ILviirrAT.— California. 

A  very  variable  little  species,  no  two  specimens  ofwhidj  are  alike. 
1  have  siH^n  no  male  specimens,  and  very  few  females.  There  is  no 
difliculty  in  recoi^iii/inji'  the  species  as  there  is  no  other  CJalifornian 
form  at  all  resembling  it  while  having  the  same  structural  characters. 

Noctua  rava  II.  Scli. 

ISfjO.  II.  Sell.,  Schinott.,  VI,  r)9,  sniipl.,  t'.,  Aijrolh. 
IHfiO.  Mocs/lil.,  Wieii.  Knt.  Monatsclir.,  iv,  :{(')7,  .Uimlin. 

(liHHDiia  {  I'iiek. 
It-C)/.  PiU'k..  I'r.  IJo.s;.  Soe.  N.  II.,  xi,  '36,  .tuiotiK. 

iimhnila  Pack. 
lHii7.    I'iick.,  Pr.  Most.  So('.  N.  M.,  xi,  '.i?.  .igrolis. 

Sordid  luteous  gray,  even.  Lines  defined,  single,  dark  fuscous. 
Ba.siil  line  interrupted.     T.  a.  line  upright,  slightly  irregular.     T.  p. 


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miLLKTlN    38,  UNl'IKI*    STATKH    NATIONAL    MUSKIJM. 


t»<f. 
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t; 


liiic!  .stroii;;]y  ci-ciMilatcd,  piirallcl  to  oiitor  iiiiir;;iii.  »S.  t.  litic  (litt'iiHe, 
t'Vt'ii.  Or«liiiiii;v  .sputH  (Mxiroloiuus,  iiK'oniplcti'l.v  deliiie«].  The  oibic- 
iiliir  kmiimI,  nMiitbnii  noniiiil,  but  less  coiiiplt'ttt  than  oihii'iilar.  Clavi- 
tbriii  faintly  iiiilicatcd.  Hccdiidaiics  of  a  pah'r  Mhaile  of  sainu  roKir  as 
|»rin)aiits.  Ilcii<ath  still  palt>r  with  iiMlrtitiitc  disiial  I(iiiiil<>s  and  com- 
nion  line.  Tlir  ,'.  aiil«-nii:i-'havc  a  hunt^li  of  HulxMpial  istilf  hair  ou  each 
siih'  of  each  joint. 

Kxpantis  ;{7""";  !.."»  in«'hes. 

IIAUITAT.— Laliiatlor. 

I  haveconiparcil  the  type  of  Hwi/xn/a  with  the  description  and  figures 
of  IIeiri«'ii  Scha-lVer  and  helieve  I  hem  nndouhtedly  identi(^al.  The  spe- 
cies is  well  delined  and  easily  n'co|;ni/al>le.  The  vest  it  are,  as  in  usual 
with  norlhem  species,  is  more  Iniiry  and  somewhat  lo(»se.  I  have  also 
ivceived  from  Mr.  Moescliler  specinnMis  identilied  hy  him  as  rara,  and 
they  are  the  same  as  Dr.  Packard's  nmhrtitn.  The  Hn;;gestionthat  Mr. 
Moeschh'i's  tlissoun  may  he  ram  is  wide  of  the  mark.  The  species 
seems  not  rare  in  its  liinne. 

Noctiia  fennica  'riiiiNcli. 

lr*A'.  Kvi  iMii.      Itiill.  Siir.  Imi|>.  Monc.  I.  (.  i:{,   I  Soctua. 

IH.V.'.  Cm  II..  Noit.  1,  'JTd  Aiiiiilix. 

iK'w.  \\]U..  C.  I!.  Mils.  N,  111  I.   .t;irolin. 

i.-TI.  <lil.,(':in.  I'.iil.,  \  1,  !.Vi.  .tiinilis. 

Deep  dark,  sonn'what  liliii'kish  hrown ;  internal  margin  often  more 
«»r  less  reddish  yellow ;  sti<,Mnata  ltri},'hl  <liscolorous  yellow.  Transverse 
lines  •geminate,  variably  distinct ;  basal  line  evident;  t.  a.  lino  even, 
inirariiUi  oblitpje  and  somewhat  curved  :  t.  p.  line  crenulate,  ami 
somewhat  sininite,  as  a  whole  parallel  with  outer  nnirj^'in.  T.  |).  line 
]>ale,  nun-e  or  less  jniinrtiform,  irre^Mdarly  sinuate  ami  punctate  pre- 
ccih'il  l>y  siijiitlatt'  black  dashes;  I  he  two  opposite  cell  loufiest.  A 
somewhat  darker  shade  t-rosses  the  median  space,  (.'laviform  distinct 
very  narrow,  not  rcatdiin;;  middle  of  nn-dian  space.  Orbicular  variable 
in  si/.e,  usually  rather  small,  s(unetimes  iMinctilorm,  oblique,  ovate,  or 
oblon;:.  Itciiirorm  always  well  si/ed,  kidney  shape<l;  at  each  extrendty 
nutre  or  less  sliaded  with  dusky.  Sec«>n«larics  whitish,  smoky  toward 
(Miter  niar;;in.  lUMU'ath  powdery,  with  variably  disti.ict  discal  spot, 
prinniries  with  e.xtra  discal  liiu'. 

Kxpands  Kf-rilt""'.  I.(Kl-2.(M»  inches. 

IIahii'AT. — New  York,  noilhward  to  .\laskii. 

Ikcadily  distin;;nishcd  by  the  «>lon^^atedark  winj;saml  the  contrasting; 
ordimiry  spots.     My  dates  tor  the  sp»'cies  are  Septendier. 

In  the  male  the  internal  mar;;:in  of  piimaries  is  di.scolorons  yelhtw- 
ish,  in  the  female  concolorous.  This  sexual  ditVerence  of  color  1  have 
not  noticed  elsewhere  in  the  ^'cnus.  This  is  ordiinuily  a  rare  species, 
but  a  few  years  ap)  in  Canada  and  the  northern   United  States  thuru 


RKVISIOX    OP    SPKCIKS    OF    HIE    OKNTS    AOUOTIS. 


SO 


' 


siulilenly  appcanMl  in  iMiormoiiM  imiiilH'rsu  larva  wliicli  was  soon  called 
tlie  *'l)la<!k  army  worm,"  aiiil  wln'n  IuhmI,  (IIscIosimI  this  siu'rirs.  The 
invasion  HeeiiiM  to  have  c<;aseil  as  siithletily  as  it  eaiiie. 

Noctua  plecta  Litin. 

17(51.  liiiin.,  Fii.  SiHM'.,  ',V*l  Xorlua. 

17(i7.  Liiiii.,  Syst.  Nat.  t'll  xii,  ii.  ■'.M  XimIhii. 

l!^U>.  Iliiltiii!!',  Vrr/fii'linis.s,  '.i'iW  (Mn-itjtlviirn. 

IHW.  (}n.,  Noct.,  I,  :«-.'ti  Sovtmt. 

Irt-iJi.  Wlk.,  C.  M.  Mils.  l,.)!.  X.,  »(MJ  thhii>i,leiim. 

1H«5-J.  (Jit.,  I'loc.  Kilt.  fSoc.  riiil.  I.V'l"'  rinrmtlis. 

1H74.  Mom-.,  I'syclif,  I,  tJ'i  .t;iritliH. 

IH-*'.).  Hiitl.  Trans.  Kiit.  Soc.  l.ond.  !•<-;»,  ;!sj,  ()ihroi>l,imi. 

Iiri};ht  eariniiie  or  lake  to  ileej*  red  brown;  eosta  yellowish  white, 
sprinkled  with  carmine  s(;ales;  a  hiack  shade  iVomha.se  thi'oii<;h  (h'II 
to  its  termination.  Transverse  line.s  waiitin;:',  s.  t.  line  iisnally  distimrt, 
always  traceable,  pale,  sinuate,  varial)ly  tlistant  from  miirjjin.  Ordi- 
nary spots  small,  defined  by  narrow  white  annnii;  orbieiilar  round  or 
but  slightly  ovate,  center  rather  darker  than  }>i'oiind  color.  Uenit'orm 
lunate  entirely  jmwdered  with  white.  Secondaries  white,  out  warily 
more  or  le.ss  powdered  with  dusky.  IJeneath  whitish,  miii;;ins  very 
str(Mi};l.V  pi>wdered  with  red — on  st>coiidarics  aiitcri«M'  miir;j;in  «MiIy — 
a  common  dusky  extradi.scal  line,  venular  on  .secondiiries;  di.scal  hiiiiile 
nu)re  or  less  evident,  sometimes  wanting;. 

K.xpands  L'!)""",  l.l.'j  inches. 

Hahitai'. — Canada  to  Texas,  eastern  ITnit«'«l  States,  l''uro;»e. 

This  little  species  is  so  well  marked,  and  .so  unlike  any  other  species 
thatitwiMild  notbeeasy  tiMuistake  il.  The  bri;,dit«'olor,contrastin;.^costa 
and  small  si /.e  are  iu)t  paralleled  elsewhere  in  tlu>;;'enus.  .Mr.  iSiitler 
nwyn  Ochrnpleura  Ilbn.  is  a  men*  f^roup  of  .l»»/i^//f'.s  Ilbn.,  and  cites  (A 
ricaria  NVIk.,  Lep.  Het.  x,  MM!  as  .syncmymous. 

Noctua  collaiiBti.  aiitl  li. 

l."*(i^.  (Jit.  aiitl  K'olt,  TraiiM.  Am.  I'liit.  Sue.  i,  ;i|»,  pi.  7,  I',  ^.i,    liji-iilis. 

Smoky  diirk  t'us(;ous,  somiMimes  paler  (tarnetnis  ^liiy,  with  a  purplish 
tinjje.  All  before  and  between  liie  ordinary  spots,  bri;,'iit  velvety 
black.  The  trausver.se  litu's  are  very  regular,  even,  pale  ;ii'ay.  S.  t. 
spiu;«4  a  little  djirker  iind  by  the  contrast  in  (M)lor  with  tcnninai  sp.ice, 
tletlnin^  the  s.  t.  line,  which  is  irr(>;;ularly  sinuate  and  dentate.  (Mavi- 
form  fiiintly  indicated.  Ordinary  spots  pah^  i  in<;ed,  i>lse  concolorou.s 
Orbicular  variable  in  si/e  tind  shape,  open  siipcriiuly.  K'eniform 
variable  in  size  and  shape,  UHually  ki*iiu'y  slnipiMl.  Sccomlaries  fiisiMi- 
luteous,  uniform.  Huneath  powd(>ry,  with  traceal>le  carneous  line  and 
discal  luniilo.  Head  superiorly  and  collar  rich,  deep  puiplish  bhick; 
thorax  else  (;oucolorous. 

Expands  ;U-.'U""";  l.'J.'»-l.;r»  inches. 

IIaditat,— New  Ytuk,  northwaid  to  Can.ida. 


w 

m   r 

I 


90  HUMiKTIN    38,  UNITKI)    STATES    NATIONAL    MUSEUM. 

V»M"v  distinct  l».v  tiM'  vtT.v  fv«'ii  palw  transvorso  lim-s,  the  distimrt  black 
i;cli,aiiil  till'  ricli  purple  bliurk  ('ollar.  The  Npeuies  in  not  euiiiniiiioii  and 
varies  somewhat  in  the  dinu'lion  of  an  obsoles(;ene()  of  »U  niauulation, 
though  these  aiierrant  forins  are  not  eoninion. 

Oroiii.  CLANDESTINA. 

Anterior  tiliia  spinose;  of  nornnil  len};lli,  the  spinulation  never  very 
heavy  and  sonietiuies  sparse.  The  Innid  is  )>ropi»rtionately  small  and 
e(»nsiderably  retracted,  the  front  smooth.  The  antenna-  of  the  S  are 
simple  in  both  sexes,  somewhsit  <riliate.  The  palpi,  except  in  roaditi, 
lire  snbecpial,  not  forming  a  (^Inb  sit  tip  of  second  joint.  This  is  a 
rtMnarkalily  constant  character,  and  entitled  to  considerabh^  weight 
becanse  it  associates  species  so  closely  allied  and  because  the  <;lavate 
form  of  pal|>i  is  in  other  groups  almost  nniversal.  The  thorax  is  more 
or  less  distinctly  depressed  in  most  species,  and  nut  at  all  or  but  incon- 
spicntiiisly  hifted.  The  abdomen  is  also  as  a  rule  more  or  less  depressed. 
The  primaries  are  of  two  types,  iatli«>r  long,  mirrow,  and  snbeqinil,  the 
(Uiler  margin  rounded  in  chnnlrsfhia,  harihVj  itisripcllis,  and  nlrifronx. 
Thes<;  species  all  agree  in  even  (;olor,  a  tendency  to  strigose  nnuMilation, 
the  more  or  less  marked  obsolesceniM^  of  the  transverse  lines  and  the 
irregular,  sometimes  obsol(>te,  ordinary  spots. 

I'iscifn-llis  »\u\  atri/rons  have  the  head  blackish  brown  in  front  and 
the  ordinary  spots  entirely  wanting.  The  fornn>r  is  larger,  re<l-brown, 
and  has  the  s.  t.  line  distinct,  pale.  The  latter  is  snniller,  carneous 
gray,  the  median  liui's  unusually  approxinuite,  the  s.  t.  line  wanting. 

<'l(in<h:stiiia  and  Itarihr  have  the  fnuit  Ciuntolorous.  the  ordinary  spots 
outlimMl,  but  usually  iiic(»m[>letely  so;  the  orbiimlar  is  oval,  longitudi- 
nal, an  irregular  projection  toward  the  reniform.  In  chinilcsthm  the 
dark  color  is  even,  the  transverse  liiu's  rather  indelinite.  In  the  9 
there  is  a  remarkable  excavation  on  each  si<le  of  the  penultimate  seg- 
iiieiit  of  abdomen  beneath,  more  particularly  described  hereafter.  In 
hnviUv  the  peculiarity  is  wanting;  the  c<dor  is  equally  <lark,  but  irro- 
rate  with  gray,  and  the  transverse  lines  are  very  broad  and  gray,  much 
more  irregular  than  in  cldndestiiKi, 

TcpjHfi,  I II hrica Its  n\ul  its  variety  hrata  have  simrter,  ratlu'r  iiioie  Irig- 
onate  primaries,  the  outer  margin  still  rounded,  a  broad  black  shade 
crossing  the  (M)llar. 

Tcpprri  is  white,  with  the  transverse  lin^^s  and  ordinary  spots  nnirkiMi, 
though  not  complete,  huhricans  is  dark  carneous  gray,  outwardly 
shaded  with  brownish  red.  The  reniform  only  is  faintly  marked,  and 
the  vestitiire  is  very  smooth  and  somewhat  glistening.  The  variety 
luata  agr»»es  with  the  type  in  all  resjuMjls,  save  that  the  red  is  replaced 
by  smoky  black. 

Vonilis,  palliiUrollis,  and  opaci/rons  have  trigonate  primaries,  the  outer 
margin  oblique,  a  perceptible  though  very  obtuse  angulation  being 


' 


UKVISION    OF    SI'KCir.S    or    TIIK    OKNTS    AOROTI8.  91 

oviiicnt  itt  iiiiddl*'.  The  transverse  lines  so  tar  as  present  are  distinut, 
siii;>le,  an<l  erennlate. 

Vocalis  is  slijj;litl.v  narrower  winded,  the  ordinary  spots  not  marked; 
inn'iiusfa  is  Itiit  a  dark  form  of  this  s|K><'ies. 

I'aUitlicoUis  and  ofutrifrnnH  are  hroader  winjjed,  tlie  ordinary  spotH 
are  distinitt,  more  or  less  marked  tiy  a  dark  slia(h>  in  <rell.  In  tln^  t'ornuT 
speeies  th«^  head  and  collar  are.  jjrayish  white,  the  primaries  oeherous 
ondisk,theor<Iinirry  spots  eon  linen  t.  In  the  latter  the  front  is  hlai^kisli, 
the!  primaries  are  bluish  ;;ray.  tiie  ordinary  spots  ni>t  eontlnent. 

Hiniixpica  and  nicmr  are  lar^je,  broadwin;;ed  speeies,  the  outer 
mar^^in  oblique,  but  rather  re,<;nlarly  rounded. 

The  former  has  the  tiansverse  liiM's  distinct,  erenidate;  the  latter 
has  them  st^anrely  evident,  but  so  far  as  tracu'able  they  are  even. 

►So  far  as  the  genitalia  of  the  ,?  are  concerned,  the.\  have  not  been 
examined  in  romlisy  imlli^licollis,  opiuufhoiXj  and  tvpinri,  females  only 
of  these  Hpe(;ies  iK'iu;;  proi-urable. 

The  other  spetMes  a;;ree  in  bavin;;'  the  clasper  distinct,  simple,  and 
(corneous,  slightly  ditVeriu};  in  Ien;;th  and  decree  of  curvatur(>.  Tiiu 
harpes  furnish  tln^  variation. 

In  UthricnnH  the  entire  armatnie  a;;rees  with  that  of  the  intlrls  ;;roiip, 
with  wliij'h,  by  the  bye,  this  spetrics  has  been  heretofore  associated.  It 
dilVers,  howev<>r,  in  structure  «)f  piilpi,  the  small  head  antl  th(>  «)l>tuse 
prinniries. 

In  clinulcstliKt,  sirrnr,  lianispint,  and  litirihr  the  harpes  are  alike, 
regularly  taperin;;  to  a  blunt  point  and  semicorin'ous. 

In  atril'mns  and  pinrijullis  the  harpes  are  broatl  to  tip  wheie  they  are 
omary:iinite,  the  projo'tint*  points  hardly  acute-    the  superior  loufjest. 

Clrmens  is  in  .»ome  respects  intermediate  between  the  hanisfiini  and 
rl<imlrs(i)ia  typ«'s,  a|>proachiii^  most  neaily  to  the  chnifhstinn  series, 
from  all  of  whi(!h  it  ditlers  by  the  luteous  jjniy  <H»lor. 

HVNol'Sls   ur    si'KCIKS. 

liill'^i',  1)l'ii!iil-\viiiKril    s|iocirH,    tlio   (iiitrr    inai'^iii    of    ]iriin:irirs    iililii|iii>ly   roiitiiliMl. 
Ciilor,  i|i'i-]i  siiKiky  liKiwii. 

'i'riUiHvi'rm'  li  Ill's  ili.sliiirt,  I'miiilati-  or  aii^iilalo iiviirspicA. 

'riiiimvcrKc  I i Ill's  olisolcif,  cvcii ^ll:ltl(.K. 

•Sniikll)'!'  s|ii'iii's.  iiairowcr  wiiiucil. 
rriiiiarii's  i'l(iii)rati',  usually  Miiliciiiiai  :  oiiti'i-  iiiai>;iii  rimiuli'il. 
Collar  roiK'oloi'oiis. 

Krotil,  I'oiKMiloroiiH  ;  oriliiiary  spols  rv  iilrtit. 
Color,  liitroiis  j;ray  ;  traiiMVi-rsc  iiiu-H  lilack  ;  iiitoiriiiiti'il,  irn'yiilar. 

n.KMI'.NH. 

('oliir,  ili'i'jt  lifowii  ;  f raiisvi'rsi"  linen,  i-vimi,  roiii'oIoroiiH clamtsmna. 

Color,  lirowii,  .xiilViiMcil  Willi  f;ray  ;  liiirs  irn-^iilar,  liroail,  ^ray havii..!:. 

Front  iliHcoloroiiM,  lilackiHli  lirown,  onliiiary  xpots  wauling. 

Hi'il  brow II  :  N.  t.  liiiiMliMiiin;!,  |ialii I'isi  ii'i;i.r.iH. 

( 'ariicoiiM  (iray  ;  s.  t.  line  ohsolt'ti^ ;  iiiiMliaii  liiii's  a|>|iroxiiiiat<' \  i  iiii'Kdnh. 

Collar  with  a  liroail,  tranHViTHx,  hliick  nIiihIc;   wind's  ratlirr  wiilttr. 
Wliitc  ;  I i Ill's  liliirkisli ;  onlliiary  Hpols  iudicati'il    TKi'l'Kltl. 


^^^^ 


92  BULLETIN   38,  UNITED   STATES   NATIONAL   MUSEUM. 

Deep  K^ny  hIiu<1«(I  oiitwiinlly  to  nxl  lirowii  or  Itliu-kinli ludkicanh. 

I'riniarit'H,  tri){«tniit«  ;  outer  iiDir^iii,  obliqiiu;  a«lii4tiiict  aiiKiilittion  tit  luitldU*. 
I'ulpi  vliiviilo  ('M  Joint))  onliiniry  H|H>ti)  oltHulutttly  innrktHl ;  all  coiicoluroiiH  ;  aNh 

gray  to  blackiHli vocaum. 

Palpi  HiilHM|iial  tIin>iit;lioiit ;  hroailMt  winged. 

Kront  lilackiMli ;  ordinary  Hpotit  dviined,  cell  lilackihli ;  rolor,  gray. 

ItrACIKIJONS. 

lluud  and  collar^ |i»le  gray;    win^H    ocliitrouH,  willi  gray  niurginH;   ordinary 
HpotH  uoiiUnuut i'AU.ii>icuuis. 


iU-« 
sef 
lo|i 


Mr: 


r 


Nootua  harusplou  (>rt. 

1875.  Ort.,  IMiff,  Hull.,  Ii.'-'IV,  Jyroiis. 

1875.  (irt.,  I'roc.  Ac.  Nat,  Sci.  IMiil.  lH7r.,  4J4,  .i>jroli: 

1H7().  Urt.,  Hull.  Ut'ol.  Siirv.,  ii.WU,  .lyrotis. 

IHS'i.  Smith,  Eat.  Anicr.,  i,  I'A,  .lijiolin, 

18H,'>.  Smith,  Stott.  Eiit.  /uit.,  4i>,  *2-J*.',  Atiiolin. 

1^H^,  IJntlcr,  Traui*.  Knt.  Soc.  Loud.  l*jl»,  :i^i,  iliapbiphora. 

itiiimaviila  Morr. 
1H7I.  Morr.,  Proc.  H  wt.  Soc.  N.  II.,  .Wll,  IU\,  Agnitit. 
lH7r>.  Ort.,  Dutr.  liull.,  II,  MVi,  ii.  I>.  I. 

ijrniidia  Speyer. 
l«7r».  S|M'y«'r,  Slotl.  Knt.  Zi'it.,  'M\,  Vi'i,  var  nnijur. 
1h;(5.  Speycr,  St«tt.  Knt.  Zeil.,  '.VS,  'iOI  —  var  UHijiir. 
l-'HI.  MoeHclil,  Vt-rli.  k.  k.  /.ihiI.  Iiol.  (iiH. 
1H4.'>.  Smilli,  Eiit.  Amer.,  I,  I:i,  an  np.  dint.,  auijiir. 

tiiifjiir  (in. 
1M,VJ.  (!n.,  No(-t.,  I,  ;W.'),  \oclua. 
IHTiti.  Wik.,  (J.  1(.  MiiH.,  hep.  Het.,  X,  387,  (iraphiphora, 

KviMi  (lark  Hiiitiky  brown.  TmiiHVvrsu  ]iii(>.s  black,  usually  diHtinct, 
Hiiigle.  Jiasal  line  eviileiit.  T.  a.  liiiu  outwardly  (>bli(jiit',  isuatlupeil 
between  tlie  lines.  T.  p.  lin(^urenulace,  jmrallel  with  outer  nuirgin.  8. 
t.  line  very  taint,  pale,  irregularly  Hini<ate  and  dentate.  Ordinary NpotH 
lar^e,  eoneoloroiis,  of  the  U8iuil  e^hape,  more  or  K^ns  completely  outlined 
by  a  narrow  black  line.  (Mavit'orin  barely  indicated.  SecondarieM  yel- 
lowish fuMcouH.  iJeneath  HUioky  powdery,  with  a  common  line  and  dis- 
cal  luiiule  dark.     Head  and  thorax  concolorouM,  with  prinuiries. 

KxpandH  44""",  1.75  inches. 

IIAUITAT — Northern  and  Eastern  United  States,  Utah  and  Canada. 

This  species  will  jirobably  be  found  everywhere  in  the  North  and 
Northwest.    Its  lar{;e  size  and  somber  color,  render  it  distinct. 

1  have  pointed  out  fin-  the  lirst  time  in  Knt.  Amer.,  i,  l.'i,  the  real  dis- 
tinctive characters  between  this  8peci(^s  and  the  ]Oiirop(nin  augur.  Ar- 
guments bas(;d  on  Hizo  and  niaculation  would  have  left  the  matter  an 
opinionative  ono  for  all  time.  The  Ktructiiru  of  the  sexual  characters 
proves  the  distinctness  of  the  American  form  beyond  all  doubt. 

Mr.  Butler  says  «»///«/>•  is  the  type  of  (iraphiphom  Ochs.,  in  which 
case  the  appli(!ati()n  of  the  name  to  the  Tntmunmpa  series  by  Mr.  Groto 
would  be  unwarranted. 


REVISION   OF   Sl'KCIKS   OF   THE   GENUS   AQR0TI8. 


93 


Noctua  sierras    Ilnrv. 

I87<>.  Hftrv.,  Can.  Ent.,  viii,  ;n,  Jgrotit. 

Kveii  Hiiioky  browu,  all  maculation  obsolete.  The  transverse  lines 
ai-e  so  faintly  indiuateil  as  to  be  banlly  poi-cei>tible.  In  course  tbey 
seem  nmcli  like  those  of  haruspica,  but  are  much  more  even,  not  scal- 
loped or  crenulate.  The  ordinary  spots  also  are  but  faintly  outlined,  of 
the  same  (general  form  an«l  size  as  in  the  preceding;.  The  secondaries 
are  smoky  ;  boueatb  as  in  haruitpica. 

Expands  40-42""",  1.00-1.08  inches. 

IIABITA.T. — Sierra  Nevada,  California. 

Somewhat  more  sordid  in  color  than  harnnpha,  and  with  the  trans- 
verse lines  ditfereut  and  less  distinct,  but  otherwise  a  very  close  ally. 


Noctua  clemeuB    .Siiiitli. 

181)0.  Smith,  Traim.  Am.  Hiit.  Sue,  xvil,  44,  Aifrolii. 
Pale  luteous  jjray,  with  black  powderings ;  the  vestiture  smooth,  glis- 
tening. Head,  collar,  and  thorax,  concolorous,  immaculate.  Basal  line 
distinct,  geminate,  black;  t.  a.  line,  geminate;  outer  line,  broadt  r,  more 
distinct,  the  lines  irregular,  and,  as  a  whole,  the  line  irregularly  out- 
curved  and  bent  in  the  interspaces.  T.  p.  line,  distittctly  geminate,  in- 
terrupted ;  the  inner  line  consisting  of  a  series  of  irregular  lunate  spots; 
I  outer  line,  an  aln^ost  evenly  curved  series  of  distinct  venular  dots ;  s.  t. 
I  line  pale,  very  slightly  and  irregularly  sinuate,  the  line  marked  by  a 
distinct,  dusky  preceding  shade;  a  series  of  blackish  U'ruiinal  dots.  A 
ilitVuse  median  shade  darkens  the  cell  between  the  ordinary  spots,  an<l 
IS  continued  vaguely  to  the  hind  ninrgin,  varying  in  distinctness.  Clav- 
iform  wanting.  The  ordinary  spots  are  vague,  indefinite,  of  a  very 
slightly  paler  shade  than  the  ground  color;  the  renit'orm  marked  with 
dusky.  Secondaries  pale  smoky,  somewhat  whitish;  the  veins  fus- 
cous; beneath  whitish,  powdery,  with  an  outer  line  and  di.scal  spot  to 
all  wings. 

Kxpands  ;JS-H"'"',  1.50-1. Or»  inches.  • 

IIAIHTAT. — California  (Neumo'gen.) 

The  specimens  before  me  are  all  females,  and  show  all  the  character- 
istic features  ()f  the  vlnndcHtina  group  of  the  genus.  The  species  has 
no  close  allies  in  the  group,  and  while  evidently  referable  near  to  clan- 
iltHtina  and  haviUv  in  the  table,  is  in  some  respects  rather  intermediate 
between  the  type  of  the  group  an<l  harmpica.  The  abdomen  of  the  9 
IS  not  depressed.  There  is  some  resemblance  to pyrophiloideit  in  the  hab- 
itus, which,  however,  is  not  likely  to  prove  misleading. 


,  4 


■  i,.ll 


which 
Grole 


f! 


94 


bi;lletin  as,  united  states  national  museum. 


W 

r 


c 


f 
[ 


* 


Noctua  claudestina  ll»rr. 

1H4I.  Ilarrii,  IiiJ.  IimuctH  (Flint  ihI.).  44H,  iife  liiHt.,  Xoctua. 

imVX  (irt.,  TriiiiH.  Am.  Eiit.  8<h-.,  ii,  'Mi,  .itjroliit 

im*.  Haniiil.,  Can.  Eiit.,  II,  Uf.  Nortiia. 

!««'.».  Kilt'v,  I'iiut  K«|»t.  IiiH.  Mo.,  7it,  I".  'iT.  nnil  pi.  i  f.  \.\,  Agrotia. 

UTX  an.,  Hull.  Hiiff.  8«)C.  N.  8ci.,  l,  U.\,  Xorlna. 

l^*^^,.  Spojcr,  Stett.  Eiit.  Zcit.,  M>,  IM,    tyrolix. 

l*'"!.  Kilt^y,  IihIux  to  Mo.  KcptH.,  .Vi,  Aijrolh. 

IHKJ.  Kiiiiiul«>rH  Fruit  Iiih.  UM,  f.  IttC,  1(»7,  Agrolix. 

Ih'*!.  Biitlor,  Trans.  Hnt.  Soc.  Lon.l.,  IK-J'.t,  W/tX,      SpuhliH  mvtda. 

iinirolor  Wlk. 
1H5(S.  Wlk.,  C.  I).  MiiH.,  Lcp.  lift.,  IX,  'i:i:i,  Moniexira. 
1461>.  (irt.  and  Rolt.,  Tr.  Am.  Knt.  8oc.,  ii,  77  pr.  hju. 
1877.  Urt.,  Cbu.  Ent.,  ix,  26  pr.  H,vn. 

Dark,  flmoky  brown,  outwrtnlly  a  little  darker.  TransvorHO  line  gem- 
inate, iniliHtinct,  ih^liKleil  Hpauo  concoloronH.  T.  a.  line  oblique,  den- 
tate, and  Hcalloped.  T.  p.  line  nearly  upright,  crenulate.  8.  t.  line 
entirely  wanting,  or  ho  indistinct  as  to  prevent  its  course  being  (tlearly 
traceable.  Claviforni  barely  indicated,  never  completely  outlined.  Or- 
dinary spots  well  detined,  outlined  in  black,  concolorons  or  powdered 
with  white.  Orbicular  ovate,  longitudinal,  rather  Hiiiall;  usually  con 
nected  with  t.  a.  line  by  a  short  spur,  and  with  reniforin  by  a  narrow 
dark  lino.  Itenitbrm  of  the  usual  shape,  but  rather  small  in  size.  Along 
the  veins  of  fresh  specimens  a  whitish  powdering  can  be  distinctly  traced. 
iSecondaries  pale,  whitLnh  fuscous.  Ileneath  i>ale,  powdery,  a  distinct 
dark  discal  lunule,  and  an  incomplete  common  line. 
Expands  40-42""",  1.00-1.(58  inches. 

Habitat. — United  States,  except  Southern  States;  C*anada. 
Speyer,  in  comparing  this  species  with  the  European  rariila,  dis- 
covered a  curious  and  apparently  unique  structure  in  the  9.  The 
lieniiltimate  segment  of  the  abdomen  of  the  ?  has  un  each  side  be- 
neath, a  deep,  smooth  «lepression  or  excavation,  very  mii(;li  resembling 
in  shape  a  denuded  shoulder-tippet  {imtiujiu).  This  is  peculiar  to  the 
S|>ecie.s,  and  though,  according  to  Speyer,  indicated  in  ntritla  and  in 
some  other  species,  is  nowhere  so  well  developed.  What  m.iy  be  its 
object  is  at  present  unknown.  It  is  scan-ely  worth  while  repeating  the 
observed  ditl'erences  in  niaculation  between  this  species  and  its  European 
congener,  bet'ause  the  American  student  will  not  beuiKtcr  the  necessity 
of  making  the  comparison.  Dr.  Speyer's  paper  on  '' Eiiropicisc^he 
amerikanische  Verwandtschafteii '' is  recommended  to  the  student  as 
worthy  of  study  in  these  parti(!ulars. 

After  Speyer's  careful  studies  I  should  s(;arcely  haveexpected  Mr.  But- 
ler to  refer  our  species  as  a  synonym  to  rarida  absolutely  without  any 
explanation.  I  certainly  could  not  m'cept  this  dictum,  even  if  the 
results  of  my  own  studies  did  not  absolutely  contradict  it.  Mr.  Butler 
says  that  in  thoClrote  collection  he  found  a  female  labelled  A. poHtoraUn 
Grt.  This  may  be  perfectly  correct,  but  paHttnalia  (Irt.  is  an  entirely 
(Ufl'erent  Hpeeies  from  vlnndi'Hlina  »nd  the  label  is  erroneously  placed. 


line  ^ein- 

qiu',  (leii- 

8.  t.  line 

iiicil.  ()r- 
»ow«lereil 
inlly  con 
II  1 1  arrow 
1.  Aloii;; 
lytriHHul. 

i  (llNtilUtt 


r»V/rt,  <liH- 

5.    The 

Hide  bu- 

HiMiibliii;; 

r  to  the 

and   in 

ly  be  it« 

iitin{;the 

iiiopean 

K'erwsity 

|>ii'is<rhe 

((Unit  aH 

Mr.  But- 

loiit  any 
n  if  the 
Butler 
(tHtoralia 
entirely 
ihiceU, 


I 


BEVI8I0N   OF   SPKCIE8   OP   THE   OENUS   AGR0TI8.  95 

Noctua  bavilaB  Ort. 

18H0.  firt.,  Uiill.  OcnI.  Siirv.,  vi,  157,  var.  clandtKlina. 
liMl.  (irt.,  I'apilio,  i,  7(>,  an  sp.  (list. 
16H|.  Uiitlor,  I'upilio,  i,  Itiit,  aiiHp.  diHt. 

Very  closely  allied  to  clandegtina  in  (ground  color,  Hhapo  of  prirnarieH, 
and  indeed  in  general  habitus.  Distinct  by  the  gray,  contranting 
median  lines  which  are  much  more  strongly  dentate  and  irregular,  and 
by  the  general  grayish  suffusion  of  primaries.  The  ordinary  spots  are 
loss  distinctly  indicated,  but  are  of  the  same  general  shape  as  cUmdeg- 
tina.  The  s.  t.  line  is  also  much  more  evident,  and  tolerably  even. 
8econdarii  s  darker,  fuscous.  Beneath  darker,  with  the  common  line 
and  discal  lunule  distinct  and  complete. 

Expands  39-4L  """,  1.56-1.04  inches. 

H  ADIT  AT. —Southern  California. 

This  B|ierie8  differs  from  clandeHtina  in  the  gniyish  suffusion  of  pri- 
maries and  the  <larker  secondaries. 

In  addition,  the  9  lacks  th«)  excavation  at  the  sides  of  the  pfMiulti- 
mate  abdominal  segment.  Though  closely  allied,  I  believe  the  species 
to  be  distinct. 

Noctua  piacipeUla  (irt. 
1878.  (irt.,  Cull.  Ent.,  x,  ZY.\,  Aijrotii. 

lied  brown,  uniform  in  color;  veins  often  black,  transverse  lines 
usually  wanting,  when  present  punctiform  ;  s.  t.  line  usually  distinct, 
pale,  gray.  Ordinary  spots  obsolete.  The  t.  a.  line  is  not  so  present  as 
to  enable  its  course  to  be  traceil ;  t.  p.  line  evenly  curved,  the  black 
dots  usually  accompanied  by  pale,  gray  dots.  Secondaries  whitish, 
smoky  toward  outer  margin.  Beneath  whitish,  powdered  with  reddish 
toward  apices;  a  distinct  dusky  common  line,  no  discal  spots.  Thorax 
ciuM;olorous;  front  deep  blackish  brown. 

Expands  .•r)-4(»""",   1.40-1. GO  inches. 

Uahitat.— Colorado,  Nevada,  Arizona. 

A  very  distinct  species.  (Tsnally  the  primaries  have  the  voins  marked 
with  black,  and  this  is  like  the  type,  but  specimens  occur  almost  uni- 
form brown,  and  in  some  the  t.  p.  line  is  tolerably  well  indicated  but 
always  punctiform.  The  palpi  are  subequal;  the  primaries  compara- 
tively narrow,  outer  niiirgin  roumled. 

Noctua  atrifroua  Grt. 

1873.  on.,  Uuir.  Bull.,  i,  97,  AyrotiH. 

188,1.  Ort.,  Tr«n!<.  Kiuik.  Ac.  Si-i.,  viii,  47,  .ii/rolis. 

Cray  with  a  red<lish  tint,  veins  somewhat  marked  with  hliw.k  scales, 
ordinary  spots  obsolete;  median  lines?  often  punctiform,  unusually  ap- 
proximate; a.  t.  Hue  very  indefinite  but  traceable.    T.  a.  line  evenly 


P 


ft 

• 

.  f" 

:(»)    " 

,«|U'i| 


"W 


m 


BULLETIN    :W,  UNITKD   8TATEH    NATIONAL    MU8KIIM. 


obliqiiii  outwardly  ;  t.  p.  lint;  siiiimU',  inwiinll.v  Uvut  on  Hiibmediaii  Mpticti 
iiiid  thus  approaching  the  t.  a.  liiiu.  SfcoiiilarivH  whititth,  veiiiH  duHky. 
Beneath  pale,  powiliMy  toward  apicex;  a  distiuut  coiiiiuun  line.  Front 
diiMky ;  winfjs  narrow. 

Expands  y5-;{8""",  l.lO-l.riO  inclies. 

IIauitat. — Colorado,  Arizona,  New  Mexico. 

Closely  allied  to  the  preeeilin^,  and  distinct  from  it  hy  the  some- 
what smaller  size,  the  approximate,  usually  evident  transverse  lines, 
uud  the  obsidete  s.  t.  line.  An  Arizona  specimen  from  Mr.  Nuum<ef;en'8 
collection  is  almost  uniform  in  color,  and  has  a  yellowish  tint  to  the 
secondaries.  It  seems  scarce  distinct  enouf^h  to  receive  a  separate 
and  Hpecitic  name,  though  assuredly  not  typical  of  the  species. 


c 


r 
r 


)»M 


I- 


Noctua  tepperi  Sinitli. 
1887.  Smith,  I'nic.  IT.  S.  Nut.  Mum.,  x,  4.Vi,  .Igrotia. 

White,  spar.sely  irrorate  with  black  scales;  transverse  lines  single, 
fuscous.  T.  a.  line  oblique,  slij^htly  and  rather  evenly  convex  outwardly. 
T.  p.  line  sinuate,  perceptibly  annulate  over  the  cell.  8.  t.  line  broad, 
ditl'use,  unusually  remote  from,  but  nearly  parallel  to,  outer  margin.  A 
row  of  distinct  terminal  dark  spots.  Ordinary  spots  indetinite,  coucol- 
orous.  Orbiciilar  small  round ;  reniform  moderate,  of  nonnal  form, 
rather  small,  the  outer  and  inferior  margin  black.  Secondaries  whitish, 
darker  outwardly.  Heneath  whito,  powdery.  Thorax  concolorous,  col- 
lar distinctly  tipped  with  bhick. 

Expands  ."] I""",  1.35  inches. 

IlAniTAT.— Montana. 

A  very  distinct  species,  easily  recognized  by  the  paie  color  combined 
with  the  black  tipped  collar.  A  single  specimen  only  in  Mr.  Tepper's 
collection. 


Noctua  lubricans  On. 

18.V,>.  (ill..  Sp.  (icii.  Noct.,  I.  :W:»,  Xorlua. 

18.".!;.  Wlk.,  V.  n.  Mils.,  I.i^p.  Hct.,  X,  :«H,  (irafihiphora. 

18(il.  (iit.,  Trof.  Eiit.  Sof.  riiil.,  in,  Tt'2't —ilaiidfMlina. 

l8t)'J.  (lit.,  Trans.  Am.  I'.iit.  Sin.,  ii,  30'.',  uii  Hp.  ilisj.;  .tgrolin. 

I'ar.  beata  (J it. 

ISKl.  (Jit.,  Ami.  Mil-;.  N.  II.  (I,oiHl..n),  l-Kl,  .M,  .1<jrn(is. 

188:i.  (lit.,  TiaiiH.  Kails.  Ac.  Sti.,  viii,  51,  Ayiolig. 

l(-8r),  Smitli,  (.'nil.  Kilt.,  XVII,  ti,  pr.  mjii. 

Ground  color,  bluish  gray;  somewhat  glistening.  Outwardly  shaded 
from  (birk  red  to  blackish,  transverse  lines  varying  in  color  to  same 
extent.  Basal  line  evident;  t.  a.  line  single  obliipie,  scalloped,  distinct. 
T.  p.  line  harilly  distinct,  tiark,  even.  S.  t.  line  pale,  but  little  irregular. 
A  distinct  median  shade  line  nearest  to  t.  p.  line.  Claviform  and  orbicu- 
lar wanting;  reniforui  faintly  indictited  b^'  two  parallel  black  marks,  not 


KKV18ION    OK    SPECIES    OP    THE    0KNU8    AGROTIS. 


97 


an  Mpuue 
8  duHky. 
.    Front 


i»  8ome- 
r8(>  linett, 

nHI'fftMl's 

it  to  the 
8ei»urate 


>8  single, 
itwurUly. 
le  broad, 
urgin.  A 
e,  coucol- 
iial  form, 
3  whitish, 
T0U8,  col- 


;oinl)ine(l 
Tej)per'8 


(•annet!te<l  either  alM)VQ  or  lM>h)w,  ami  ofttMi  ohsoh^te.  HciuMidaries  pale, 
oiitwanlly  smoky.  Heneath  pale,  powdered  witli  retldish  or  blaukisU 
fivay.    Colhir  diHtin<;tly  l»lsu;k  tipped. 

I'iXpands  31""" ;  1.3.*)  inches. 

IIAHITAT. — United  States,  generally;  Canada. 

A  handsome  and  easily  reeognized  HiHMsie.s,  <MM'nrring  in  two  distinct 
I'ornis.  The  eastern  siM'cimens  have  the  onter  portion  of  primaries  nioro 
or  less  evidently  a  ileep  red  brown,  whieli  in  the  extreme  wrestern 
specimens  is  replaced  by  blackish  brown.  This  latter  form  was  descriU'd 
by  Mr.  (irote  as  beala.  The  color  is  the  only  difference  discoverable 
between  the  forms,  and  that  is  not  sntlicient  for  specific  separation.  I 
have  seen  a  number  of  H|>eciniens  in  which  the  <piestion  ais  to  whether 
it  wiis  ItthriruHH  or  hrala  could  only  be  decided  by  knowing  where  the 
specimens  were  taken. 

Noctua  vocalls  (Srt. 

1H7U.  (irt.,  Ciiii.  Kilt  ,  \i,  M,  Afirutin. 

IH&i.  (Jrt.,  III.  EHMi»y,r»1,  i»l.  "i,  fir.,  .tgrolin, 

iiirtniiiilti  (3i'(. 
IHh:i.  Urt..  TriiiiH.  Kiiiin.  At-.  iSci.,  viii,  48,  Aijroth, 

Tale  to  dark  ash  gray;  transverse  lines  simple,  darker;  a  distinct 
narrow  longitudinal  basal  black  line.  T.  a.  line  upright,  evenly  denticu- 
late. T.  p.  line  sinuate,  crenulate;  curved  outwardly  over  cell,  and 
inwardly  on  snbmedian  space.  8.  t.  line  obsolete.  Onlinary  spots 
tratteable,  not  distinct,  concolorous.  Orbicular  ovate,  a  spur  extending 
toward  renitVu'ni  which  is  normal  in  size  and  shape,  but  very  incom- 
pletely outlined.  8econ«laries  smoky,  paler  toward  biise.  Iteneath 
whitish,  powdery,  darker  toward  apices;  a  distinct  common  dark  line 
and  discal  lunule.,     flead  and  thorax  concolorous. 

Expands  ;{ii-.{8"'"' ;  l.K>-l.."iO  inches. 

liAniTAr.— Colorado,  Nevatla,  New  Mexitto. 

The  apices  of  prinuiries  are  at  least  rectangular  or  even  less.  The 
second  joint  of  palpi  is  distinctly  clavate  at  tip. 

I  have  the  type  of  inntiuxtaj  and  a  typical  s|)ecimen,  bearing  Mr. 
(irote'a  label  rocalis,  and  they  are  undoubtedly  dentiod;  rocalift  is  the 
paler  form, the  maculation  distinct;  inrtiiHsta  is  darker,  the  maculation 
not  distinct,  but  liue  for  line  the  same.  Kxcept  the  ditVerence  in  ground 
color,  I  find  no  distinguishing  features,  and  this  is  not  specific. 


* 


4 


»| 
ft 


.  t. 


shaded 
to  same 
I  distinct, 
irregular. 
Id  orbicii- 
larks,  not 


Noctua  opacifroiia  (irt. 

1878.  Ort.,  Hull.  Oeol.  Surv.,  iv,  17(»,  AijrutU. 

Gray,  often  with  a  reddish  tint,  cell  between  the  ordinary  spots  more 

or  les8  distinctly  black.    Transverse  liiu>8  simple,  black.    Basal  line 

evident.  T,  5i.  line  slightly  oblique  ontwanlly  ami  nearly  even.    T.  p.  line 

strongly  crenate,  its  course  parallel  with  outer  margin.    S.  I.  line  often 

23045— Hull.  38 7 


w 


lll'I.LKTIN    ;x,   irNITKK    STATKS    NATIONAI-    Ml'SKIM. 


olMoli'ti*,  Hoiiicliitifs  iiHliriit«Ml  l)y  a  sli;;litly  tliirkcr  Mliailc  in  t*.  t.  Hparc, 
wtiicli  tluMi  roriiiM  a  faint  t'oiitrast  in  (M)ior  to  tliu  concolorous  terminal 
Hparc.  Ordinary  .s|iots  rnodcratc,  eoniiolnrnnM,  novrr  coniplcti',  niarkcti 
only  Ity  \hv  oilicrwisr  Itlat'kisli  cell.  S('(;on4larii'.H  Kuioky  tuMroiiM,  paler 
towani  liasf;  a  tli.stin<!t  iliKual  luntile.  KtMicatli  pair,  powtlt'ry,  with  an 
(Milnrons  or  riMltlish  snllusion,  a  <MMnnion  dusky  Kinidc  lin«'  and  diHtini;! 
diNc^il  lunuh'.     Tliora\  coiMMdoruiis,  front  blavkiNli  brown. 

Kxpands  X*""" ;  l.ltl  in(;h('K. 

ilAiUTAT. — Now  York  and  north wtiril. 

Very  distinct  from  tin*  otln'r  dnsky  fronttnl  species  by  the  broatler 
win;;s,  the  reetan;,'ular  apices  and  the  blackish  cnll.  The  very  distinctly 
crenate  t.  p.  line  adds  a  characteristic  appearance  to  the  sitecies. 


r 
r 


m 
u 
m 


Noctua  pallidicollis  (ir!. 
1K-(I.  Crt..  Itiill.  (Jiiil.  Siiiv.,  VI.  I.M,  .tiiroli». 

rWK  iioiollit  <it  I. 

l^'Tii.  Jilt..  HiiiV.  Itiill.,  II,  7<»,  111.  I,  f.  <;,    Ifiroth. 
l-Hi.  Cri..  Hull.  (Jrol.  »<uiv.,  VI.  I.'.l,  ».  b.  I. 

Ocheroiis ;  <-ostal  :nnl  outtT  iiiar;;in  of  primaries  H;ray.  Transverse 
liiM's  obsolete,  Ixrely  indicated,  simple.  T.  a.  line  even,  obliipie.  T.  p. 
line  an;;iilak<)ver  cell,  else  itarallcl  to  outer  mar};in.  iS.  t.  line  indi- 
cated by  the  contrast  between  the  s.  t.,  and  paler  terminal  shade. 
A  line,  lon;;itiidiiial  black  ba.sal  line.  Ordinary  spots  pale,  moderate 
in  size,  coiilliiciit,  outlined  by  .somewhat  deeper  oclireons  brown. 
Orbicular  ovate,  the  outci  end  extended  and  connected  with  reniform. 
Secondaries  whitish,  outwardly  dusky  and  with  a  faint  discal  lunule. 
lU'ueath  whitish.  «ichreous,  povidery,  with  a  distin(;t  dusky  common 
line  and  di.scal  lunule.  Thorax  concoloious;  head  ami  collar  grayish 
white,  the  latter  tippe«l  with  ground  color. 

Kx|»amls  M ;  l..r»  inches. 

IlAiUTAT.— California. 

The  only  speciiiu'ii  known  to  me  is  a  9  nuirked  "Type"  by  Mr. 
(intte.  Although  the  male  is  not  at  hand,  I  have  little  doubt  but  that 
the  8pe<!ies  belongs  here,  rather  than  with  nttcnta  and  H'ujmnUhH  with 
which  Mr.  (irote  placed  it.  The  palpi  are  slender  and  equal  through- 
out ;  the  primaries  have  the  apex  rectangular  or  very  slightly  produced. 
In  cohu-ation  it  is  unique,  and  therefore  very  easily  recognizetl. 


liciiiis  CHORIZAOROTIS  .Siiiitli. 

Anteriiu'  tibia*  spino.se,  moderately  well  armed  at  tip.  Front  nmtler- 
ate,  produced  into  an  sicuteor  cylindrical  tubercle.  Antenna  o*'  $  sim- 
ple, ciliate.  Thorax  depres.sed,  untufted,  or  with  an  indeQuite  basal  tuft 
only.  Abd«>men  depressed,  somewhat  tlattened  ;  in  /<?>•»•<■«/»«  only,  nor- 
mal. The  primaries  are  elongate,  rather  narrow,  suliequal,  the  apices 
Homewhat  rouudud.     Terrcalis  hero  also  is  an  uxceptiou,  tbo  primaries 


M. 

H.  t.  H|m<'t', 
IS  tiTininal 
ti>,  iiiiti'kcil 
•oiiH,  piilcr 
ly,  with  ail 
lul  tllHtiiict 


H^  tiroailcr 
ilistiiiutly 
liict). 


rraii8verH« 

<|iu'.  T.  i». 
liiiu  iiidi- 

iial  hIuuU'. 

,  inodiTatu 

lis    brown. 

I  miiroriii. 

(;al  IiiiiiiU'. 
y  com  moil 
ir  {grayish 


e  "  by  Mr. 

It  but  that 

oidvK  with 

I  throii^h- 

liroiluced. 

L'll. 


)nt  inoiler- 
o*'  i  siiii- 

!  basal  tuft 
only,  nor- 

the  apices 
primaries 


KKVI8I0N    OK    SI'KCIK.S    OF    TIIK   OKNl^S    A<;UOTI.S.  D!) 

lieiii^  proportionately  rather  shorter,  anil  more  tri};oiiate.  The  S  ^eiii- 
t.ilia  of  the  j^roiip  aro  all  of  the  tuimu  type,  and  are  lieeiileilly  iini<|iie. 
riie  har|N!s  are  narrow,  short,  taperin;;  towards  tip,  whieh  isoblii|iiely 
rounded.  The  clasper  has  a  loii<;,  very  stout,  somewhat  llatteiied  and 
strai};ht  inferior  fork,  whiuh  is  also  often  somewhat  eiilai;;ed  at  tip. 
From  the  superior  iiiarpn  proceeds  a  stout,  very  stroii;;ly  eiuved  claw, 
of  variable  length  and  shape.  This  type  is  common  to  all  species  uf  the 
<,'nmp,  and  is  found  nowhere  else  in  the  melius. 

The  species  are  closely  allied  and  (;are  is  requisite  in  separating;  them. 

AuxUiartH,  the  type  of  the  group  is  also  the  best  marked  of  the 
species;  the  costa,  iiiuer  margin,  s.  t.  space,  an  apical  patch,  a  sub- 
median  dash,  and  the  inferior  half  of  the  collar  are  bright  yellow  ;  ami 
this  is  distinctive  of  the  species.  The  claspei  "f  d  has  the  inferior 
poition  long,  little  enlarged  at  the  tip ;  subequal.  The  superior  portion 
is  very  short,  and  curved,  the  tip  subacut" 

InlrojerenH  is  very  closely  allied,  but  somewhat  smaller  and  the 
yello'v  is  soniid;  the  primaries  are  also  soiiu  \\  liat  wider.  The  (J 
clanper  is  diHtiiietive;  though  much  shurlv"  Utaii  in  the  preceding, 
the  inferior  portion  is  yet  much  heavier,  (he  tip  enlarged  and  ex- 
cavated, spoon  like.  The  superior  portion  is  iniich  longer,  strongly 
<;urved,  the  tip  irregular,  iiortor  is  known  to  me  in  the  4  only  :  it  is 
much  smaller  than  either  of  the  preceding,  and,  retaining  the  same 
typical  ornamentation,  replaces  yellow  by  bluish  gray. 

AgrvHttH  is  again  a  large  species  but  very  evenly  colored,  gray  over 
liileous  or  butf ;  the  transverse  lines  are  distinct,  as  are  also  the  ordi- 
nary spots;  the  reniform  is  inferiorly  dusky.  The  clasiier  has  the  in- 
ferior portion  very  long,  cylindrical,  slightly  tapering  to  tlii^  tiji,  which 
is  not  at  all  enlarged,  and  while  not  acute  or  pointed  is  yet  the  smallest 
point  of  the  process.  The  superior  portion  is  very  short,  curved,  and 
rather  acutely  terminated. 

Incnncinna,  with  the  same  maculation  so  far  as  it  is  tra(;eable,  is  more 
reddish  brown,  more  evenly  colored  and  decidedly  smaller.  The  clasjier 
has  the  inferior  portion  moderate  in  leiigtii  and  slightly  and  evenly 
dilated  before  tip.  The  superior  portion  is  also  iiioderately  long, 
greatly  curveil,  the  tip  obtuse. 

TcrrealiH  is  very  distinct  in  coloration,  as  has  been  already  noted. 
The  clasper  is  very  nearly  like  that  of  iitrouciniiay  but  the  forks  are  not 
at  all  enlarged  toward  or  at  tii>. 

sr.Noi'sis  «)K  sruriKP. 

AImIoiiii'ii  diHtiiiftly  (I<>|ireHHiMl ;  colors  riiHcoim  to  ^roy. 
CoHta,  inturniil  iiiar^iii,  h.  t.  Hpitct',  Niilt-iticiliuii  ila.sh  and  collar  liri;r|it  yellow;  si/o 

lur^O AlXII.IAItlS. 

The  Haiiiu  portions  Nordiil,  liiteoiiH  ;  ai'M'  .sinnllcr intkoi'kkkns. 

The  8UI110  portior.H  blninh  gray:  ni/c  8till  smaller sokkok. 

I'l  iiiiarios  iiiiiforni  in  ground  color. 
Trausvcrsu  lines  and  ordinary  spots  distinct;  clavifonn  present,  size  large. 

AQKKaTIS. 


iK'l 


>•  I 


t 


«Ii«l 


i 

It 


i. 


_     _   _■_  1.U,    t' 


■WBC^P 


100 


HLILF^irriN    :{S,   UNITKD    states    national    Ml.'SKlJM. 


TniiiHV  rmt  liiicH  mill  ordinary  N|K»t»  very  faint;  uluvit'onn  wiintin-;:  tti/i-  iiim-h 

Nlliullfr INCOXCIN.NA. 

AImIouicii  less  ilf|)rosNc<),  I'oiiir  ;  fiilor  iliiri\  t'lmcoiiH  lirowii. 
C'oMtit  riMlilisli;  ctll  Iti-twfcii  iinliniiry  HputH  lihiok TKKKKAl.is. 


c 


r 
r 


'•'», 


K 
H 

M 

I 
< 
t 

I, 


Chorizagrotis  auxiliaris  (Sri. 

i';*i.  (ill.,  hiiir.  Hull..  I,  '.»>,  inniiiif. 

1-7."..  (!rl.,  I'inr.  Ac.  Nal.  Sri..  I'lijl.,  Ir^;.'.,  I2-'  Ayrolix. 
1H7.'>.  (irt.,  Sdiil.  r.  S.  (J('i»l.  Siirv.,  in,  11'^,  .ttjiotiH. 

Fu.stu)  liitt'ou.s  ;  (!o.stiil  ivinl  iiiti'iior  iiiiir};iii,  s,  t.  space,  ivxticpt  at  co.sta, 
a  HiiliiiuMliaii  (la.sli,  and  ordiiiarv  s|Hit.s  .vcllow;  tlic  latti'i-  ixiwdcit'il 
witli  wliitc.  Mciliaii  vimii  white,  oilier  N'eiiis  niarketl  with  dii.sky.  A 
lihick  basal  iiiaik,  reaeliiii<:^  t.  a.  line;  the  latter  ^eiiiiiiate,  outer  line 
black,  iiieliided  space  yellow,  vivsilile  only  between  median  and  .s.  in. 
vein.  T.  p.  line  single,  pitnctiturin,  parallel  to  outer  iiiai-};iii.  8.  t.  line 
narrow,  white  sinuate  and  dentate,  an  apical  whitish  patch.  Tei  iniiial 
space  somewhat  darker.  Ordinary  spots  distinct,  powdered  with  white 
scales.  Orbicular  obli(pie  ovate,  moderate  in  si/e.  IteniCorm  larp\ 
kitlneyshaped.  All  belbn' and  between  ordinary  spots  diiNky.  Clavi- 
tbrm  distinctly  outlined,  concoloroirs  reaching;  almo.st  to  the  middle  of 
median  space.  Secondaries  smoky  fiis(;oii.s,  somewhat  paler  at  base. 
Jteiieath  tliisky,  powdery ;  secondaries  more  whitish.  A  common  line 
aiu'  discal  ItimiU^  on  all  wiii;;s.  Collar  interiorly  yellow.  Head  and 
throa.v  concolorous, 

Kxpands  li-fiO' ;  1.7r>-L» inches. 

liAui  TAT.— ('olorado,  Texas,  Calilbrnia. 

An  easily  re<'«)j;;iii/.ed  species  :  The  primaries  are  iiiiiisnany  elon<>ate 
and  ,sube<piiil,  ev(>n  tor  this  group,  and  the  bright  yellow  macniatioii 
and  whitish  ordinary  spots  are  characteristic.  This  species  was  in 
J'rol'e.sst)r  Li'itner's  <*,(>lle(rtion  :xn  perfrrcllfiis. 

Many  of  the  spe«'iinens  named  aiuiliatis  in  collections  arc  really 
referable  to  the  next  species. 

Chorizagrotis  iutrofereiis  (jrt. 

1875.  (ir(.,  I'n.f.  Ac.  Nut.  Sci.,  IMiil.,  187;',  4'i:J  .Uirolis. 
1H7G.  lliirv.,  Hull'.  Hull.,  ill,  71,  pi.  \\,  f.  10,  .lyrotin 

In  iiiaculation  like  (iKxiliariH ;  but  this  species  smaller  in  size;  the 
yellow  is  sonlid,  often  sprinkled  with  bluish  gray,  and  the  balan<;e  of 
the  wing  is  but  little  darker  and  not  t;ontrasting.  Secondaries  and 
under  side  as  in  nuxiliaris.    (dollar  dull  luteous. 

lOxpands  1()-H""" ;  1.CO-I.75  inches. 

IIahitat. — Colorado,  Texas,  California,  Arizona. 

Very  clo.sely  allied  to  au.viliaris,  than  which  it  is  nuu^li  nu.ic  com- 
mon. So  I'losely  are  the  two  allied  that  but  for  the  very  «listliict  vari- 
ance in  the  male  genitalia  I  should  Lavo  called  them  idunticul ;  yet 


M. 

;  sizf  iiiiirli 

.Nt<)Xi;i.N.\,\. 
-TKKRKAI.IS, 


>t  at  nista, 

liisky.     A 

outer  lino 

aiiti  M.   III. 

S.  t.  line 

Tci'iiiiiial 
rt  itii  white 
ii'iii  lar^e, 
.V.     Clavi 

iiiiddle  of 
r  at  bane. 
iiiiiioii  Iiii(> 
Head   and 


y  elonjiate 
laciilalion 
's  wa.s  in 


lire  really 


size;  the 
iiilaii(;e  of 
iiries  and 


K.io  coin- 
inet  vari- 
iciil;  yet 


UEVISION    OF    SPECIES    OF   THE    GENTS    AOKOTIS. 


101 


tlioni;h  there  is  little  iibsolitte  ditl'erence  in  inaenlation,  the  less  eoii- 
tiasliii};  colors  and  sordid  appearauco  of  the  whole  insect  readily  «lis- 
liii;;uish  the  species. 

It  is  more  than  probable  that  larpe  Kpetriniens  of  this  species  are  Ken- 
("rally  found  in  collections  as  <iu.riliariH,iUn\  indeett  I  have  seen  ex- 
ainj>les  so  named  by  Mr.  (iiote,  who  in  l?is  new  list  places  this  species 
as  a  variety. 

Chorizagrotis  sorror  Smilli. 

1887.  Smifli,  Proi-.  IJ.  S.  Nat.  Mils.,  X,  UJ,  .iyrotis. 

Oolor  of  priinari<'s  jjray,  a  more  or  less  evident  fn.scons  tint  in  median 
and  terminal  space  ;  in  the  former  not  invading  the  <tostal  region  or 
hind  margin,  and  leaving  a  ^ray  dash  throuKb  subinedian  space.  All 
between  and  before  the  ordinary  spots  blackish.  A  black  sub-basal 
spot.  T.  a.  lino  fjeininate,  dark,  included  space  K^iiy,  »><>t  crossing 
costal  S|>ace,  out wai-dly  curved  between  veins.  T.  p.  line  single,  creiiii- 
late,  parallel  with  outer  margin.  H.  t.  line  ffray,  sinuate,  marked  by 
the  dark  terminal  space,  and  a  )>i'ecediii<;  dark  shade.  Clavilbrm  very 
faintly  outlined,  coiujolorous.  Ordinary  spots  jrray  witli  dusky  center, 
outlined  in  black  ;  moderate  in  si/.(>,  normal  in  Ibrni.  Head  and  thorax 
yray;  collar  with  a  black  line.  Secondaries  fuscous,  veins  dark 
marked.     Heneath  aniy,  jxiwdery. 

Kxpands  3.")""" ;  1.4  inches. 

llAiuTAT— Montana. 

Two  9. specimens  firnn  Mr.  Ilulst  fnrni.sh  the  types.  The  male  char- 
lifters  will  undoubtedly  be  found  to  be  miKrli  lik»^  those  of  ou.iiliitris 
mid /M/n>/('r<'«.s',  to  the  latter  of  wliicrh  tlu^  new  form  is  (closely  allied. 
Ill  this  group,  however,  of  which  nii.rilinris  is  typical,  the  species  .seem 
to  present  absolutely  no  variation,  and  the  apparent  lumtrary  shown  in 
some  (Collections  arisi's  simply  from  the  fact  that  two  and  sometimes 
three  speiMcs  are  very  ^f^'rally  mixed.  The  ina(rulation  and  habitus 
IS  nearly  alike,  but  stiiucturally  the  species  diller  very  decidedly  in  the 
form  of  tiie  <^  j,M'"'fi>l'"' 

In  this  species  the  yellow  is  entirely  re|daced  by  liluisli  <,'i'ftN ,  smd 
there  are  no  distinct  (contrasts  ex(rept  in  the  cell,  which  is  the  darkest 
part  of  the  win^. 

Chorizagrotis  agreaiis  Crt. 

lM7t'i.  <Jrt.,  IJiill.  (ifoi.  Siirv.,  in.  lis  (var.  iiiij^iliarin.) 

mrnriniriil  (tl't. 
IHTS.  (iit.,  Hull.  Urol.  ."^iirv.  iv,  171  .l.</ro/M. 

flixiliH  .Moir  MSS, 

Uniform  liluish  ^I'^y  over  luteous  ;  the  latter  color  very  evident  in  the 
outer  half  of  median  spa(M>.  All  tli(>  lines  e\  iihciit,  K<'i»<i>ii'(*N  variably 
distinct  in  the  specimens.  T.  a.  line  widely  curved  between  tine  veins. 
T.  p.  line  parallel  with  outer  mai'K>>*<  outer  line  often  very  faint.     A  nar- 


>•,:>* 


•c  1 


102 


lUIJ.KTIN    :tH,  I'NITKl)    STATES    NATIONAL    MUSEUM. 


r 
r 

■>> 

c; 


'I 


W-       4 


« 
K 


row  (liisky  line  crossi's  iiuMliaii  sp;ic«  near  t.  p.  lint'.  Outer  tbini  of  s. 
t.  space  ami  U'liiiiiialspave  except  an  apical  patch,  darker.  Tlie  narrow, 
l)ale,  irrejinlarly  dentate  s.  t.  line  crosses  this  darker  s)>ace.  Ordinary 
spots  concolorous  or  slifjhtly  paler,  the  renifo>"nj  with  an  inferior  black- 
ish patch.  In  shape  nuurh  as  in  auxiliaris,  with  which  the  species  also 
ay r»'es  in  secondaries  and  under  side.  Llead,  collar,  and  thorax  con- 
colorous. 

Kxpiinds  44-li'!"""  ;  1. 7/5-1. 85  inclies. 

Hauitat. —  Kansas,  (Colorado,  California,  Texas,  N«'l»raska. 

Five  specimens  are  before  me,  each  from  a  different  .State;  one  the 
type  of  y/<'./v7/«  Mon.  which  so  far  as  I  can  find  was  never  de.scribed. 
Another  labeled  afprstis  by  Mr,  (Irote  Ion;;  since,  and  still  another  la- 
beled mt'rccnnria  also  by  Mr.  (irote.  All  these  specimens  differ  some- 
what in  distinctness  of  maculation,  but  not  otherwise.  I  have  since 
seen  many  specimens  which  i)rove  the  correctness  of  the  above  n'ference. 

Chorizagrotis  inconcinna  llurv. 
l-^T."!.  Ilarv.,  MiilV.  Hull.,  iii,  r>,  .liirolis. 

Reddish  fuscous,  deiiHly  sprinkled  with  bluish  pfray.  Ordinary  spots 
concolorous,  narrowly  outlined  in  black  ;  then  narrowly  annidate  with 
white  or  ^ray.  JJeniform  with  an  inferior  dusky  patch.  In  8hai>e  iind 
si/e  thespotsare  like  thnsooi'  mcnrii aria.  Claviform  ol)solete.  Median 
lines  obsolete;  so  far  as  traceable  they  are  like  those  of  »u'»TeM«/*/rt.  S. 
t.  line  distinct,  narrow,  pale,  sinuate,  ami  irregularly  dentate,  accom- 
panied by  a  sli;,'litly  darker  shade.  A  very  faintly  traceable  shade 
through  median  space  near  t.  ]>.  line.  Secondaries  and  un<ler  side  pre- 
i'Jsely  as  in  mcrcenaria. 

Expands  33-3S  ""' ;  l..'}0-l.r)0  inches. 

II AlHTAT.— Arizona,  Texas, 

This  species  is  like  rnvtrenaria  in  niaculation  so  far  as  themaculation 
is  traceable  ;  but  the  much  more  uniform,  darker  color,  smaller  size,  and 
entire  obsolescence  j)f  claviform  will  suttii'c  to  distinguish  the  species, 
even  without  referenc'e  to  the  c^  sexual  pieces. 


' 


Chorizngrotis  immixta  Grt. 
l-^-^O.  (ill.,  liull.  (iool.  Siirv.  VI,  i2r)9,  .hjrolU. 

'*  (?  This  species  is  j)aler  than  tnconeinna^Ww  <?  antenna' more  lengthily 
bristled,  the  fringes  of  the  hind  wings  entirely  pale.  Pale  grayish 
brown,  the  lim»  indistinct  but  strongly  intlicated  by  double  black  costal 
marks.  The  stigmata  small,  not  dark  ringed,  paler  than  the  wing,  very 
inconspicuous.  The  s.  t.  line  relatively  well  imirked,  broken,  flind 
wings  whitish  with  veins  soiled,  a  faint  terminal  borderantl  the  fringes 
entirely  pale;  beneath  with  a  dotted  sub-niarginal  line.    Fore  wings 


RKVISION    OF    Sl'ECIKS    OF    TllK    GENUS    AGROTIS. 


io:j 


liini  of  s. 
e  narrow, 
Ordinal  y 
ior  black- 
•ecit'salso 
)rax  con- 


;  one  till' 
ItvscrilM'd, 
(Other  lit- 
Her  soinc- 
vve  since, 
'eference. 


l)enej«th  snioky  with  an  even  cnrved  extra-mesial  line.  Discal  marks 
indicated.  Jlead  and  thorax  pale  brown  ;  second  joint  of  palpi  blackish 
at  the  si<le.    Tarsi  dotted." 

Expanse  32""". 

Habitat.— Texas,  May  12,  Relfrajie  No,  .".18  (red  label). 

"The  exterior  line  on  primaries  is  iinnsnally  renjoved  ontwards  to- 
wards the  s.  t.  line.    This  can  not  be  ii  form  of  ntuiliaris,  bnt  it  is  not 
improbable  that  irn'oncinna  is  a  form  of  that  protean  ami  widely  distrib 
nted  species." 

I  am  not  at  all  (U'rtain  that  I  know  this  species.  I  have  never  seen 
any  specimen  anthoiitatively  determine<l  and  I  have  had  two  species  in 
my  hands  to  either  of  which  the  description  may  apply,  and  have  named 
both  as  iiiimirfd.  One  species,  nam«'d  for  Mr.  Nenn.ocf^eti,  from  Ibitish 
Colnmbia,  is  probaldy  incorrect.  Sontc  specimens  in  the  National  Mu- 
seum frcnn  the  IJelfrajje  collection  are  probably  correct. 


ary  spots 
late  with 
hai>e  and 
Median 
laria.  S, 
',  a(;com- 
le  sluub' 
side  pre- 


cidation 

size,  ami 

species, 


Chorizagrotis  terrealis. 

1H,*»,  r.rt.,  Trans.  Kinis.  Ac  Sri.  viii,  17,  .t<ji-oliK. 

Dark  fnscou.s  brown,  costa  hvU:k  red  ;  <'ell,  except  ordinary  spots, 
blackish;  a  black  basal  <bish.  T.  a.  line  ^feminate,  traticable  only  be- 
tween median  and  s.  m.  veins.  T.  p.  line  obsolete;  s.  t.  line  imlicatcil 
by  a  few  pale  atoms  and  the  slight  contrast  betwi-en  s.  t.  and  the  rather 
i  darker  terminal  si)a(!e.  Its  course  sinuate,  hardly  dentate.  Claviform 
distinct,  narrow.  Orbicidar  ovate,  ()bli(|ue,  dark  j^ray.  Ueuiform 
normal,  kidney-shaped,  also  jiray.  Seccuularies  smoky  fuscous,  some- 
what paler  toward  base.  IJeneath  smoky,  .secondaries  somewlti'.t  paler, 
esi)ecially  near  base,  and  with  a  distinct  discal  lunide.  Head  and  thorax 
concolorons  with  ])rimaries;  collar  iuferi(ii  iy  dark  brown. 

Expands  ."{7' ;    l.o  inclu'S. 

IIAIJITAT.—Nevv  Mexico. 

This  species  is  very  easily  distinfjuishod  from  any  of  the  precedin^j 
by  the  very  uniform  daik  cohu-  al>sorl)in.u:  tin'  transverse  liiu's,  and  by 
the  contrastinjj  reddish  costa.  This  form  iias  tlu^  abdomen  less  de- 
])ress(>d  than  either  of  the  others,  and  thus  forms  in  a  manner  the  con- 
necting form  between  this  and  allied  jiroups. 


in 


.iii.Ji 

IB  I 

» 1 


enpfthily 
jjrayish 
ik  costal 
'«.  very 
.  riind 
!  frill fjes 
"!  wings 


OenuB  RHIZAOROTIS  Smilli. 

All  the  tibia-  spino.se,  front  rouj'li  and  protuiierant,  hardly  with  a 
»'yliiidri<Ml  projection ;  antenna'  oi  !:iale  simple,  eiliate.  Primaries 
normally  wide,  the  costal  and  inner  maijiins  not  pirallel,  as  in  Ckoriza- 
firotis.  The  two  {genera,  liltizaffrofis  and  Chofiziujrotis,  a;.jree  iu  the 
structure  of  front  and  fore  legs,  and  are  the  only  genera  combining 
simple  male  antenme  with  these  characters.  The  peculiar  wing  form 
and  habitus  of  the  au.viliafis  type  well  separate  the  species  allied  to  ".t. 
With  tL    3::ception  of  a  single  species,  which  I  have  named  abnormiSf 


w 


0"- 

r 
r 


104  BULLETIN   38,  UNITED   STATES   NATIONAL   MUSEUM. 

aiid  ranked  a»  a  gfioup,  there  is  a  general  tendency  to  a  strigose  char- 
acter of  macuhition,  the  ordinary  transverse  lines  becoming  more  or 
less  obscured,  and  sometimes  entirely  wanting.  Of  these  the  species 
ranged  under  group  accliviH  are  dark  in  color  and  have  the  ordinary 
spots  normal,  not  confluent ;  the  species  of  group  albalis  are  pale, 
whitish  or  with  a  yellowish  tinge,  the  ordinary  spotM  more  or  less  com- 
pletely confluent. 

Group  AIWOKMIS. 

As  already  indicated,  the  character  separating  the  single  spfciea  of 
this  group  from  the  others  with  which  it  is  structurally  allii'<l  is  found 
in  the  presenile  of  the  normal  noctuid  macuhition,  as  compared  with  the 
strigate  typo  of  the  other  8i)ecies. 

Rhizagrotis  abnormis  Sniilli. 
1890,  Smith,  Trans.  Am.  Ent.  Soc.  xvii,  41,  Afiiotis. 

The  general  color  is  carneous  gray,  variably  shaded  or  suffused  with 
a  jore  reddish  tint.  Palpi  brown  at  sides;  a  broad  blackish  trans- 
verse band  at  base  of  collar.  Primaries  with  basal  line  present,  gemi- 
nate, black,  dentate.  T.  a.  line  geminate  brown  or  blackish,  the  inner 
line  faint,  included  space  paler  in  dark  specimens,  concolorous  in  pale 
examples;  upright,  outwardly  angulate  below  costa,  in  the  submedian 
interspace,  and  again  below  the  internal  vein.  T.  p.  line  single,  or 
with  the  outer  part  of  geminate  line  indicated  only  by  a  dusky  costal 
spot  and  a  short  dusky  sluule,  itscour.se  outcurved  over,  and  very  close 
to  reniform,  then  very  evenly  parallel  to  outer  margin.  S.  t.  line  very 
slightly  paler,  outwardly  angulated  on  veins  .'J  and  0,  empha.si/ed  by 
a  distinct  «lusky  prexietling  shade,  which  in  pale  specimens  .sometimes 
becomes  the  most  prominent  feature.  A  narrow,  interrupted,  dark 
terminal  line.  (Maviform  very  faintly  indicated  by  a  few  «lark  .scales. 
Orbicular  well  sized,  oval,  oblique,  .soiaetimes  not  completely  defined 
posteriorly,  narrowly  hhwM  ringe«l,  concolorous  in  pale  .spe(;imen.s,  paler 
in  darker  examples.  Ileniform  narrowly  black  ringed,  of  the  gray 
ground  color  with  a  more  leaden  gray  filling,  ]»rominent  inferiorly. 
Secondaries  of  the  usual  dirty  gray  brown,  somewhat  paler  in  the  male, 
discal  spot  evident.  Pn'ueath  powdery  fuscous,  paler  in  the  male,  with 
distinct,  though  .sometimes  interrupted  outer  line  and  an  evident  di.scal 
spot  on  all  wing.s. 

Expands  .'U-JT'"'";  \.M-\.'>0  inches. 

Habitat.— Sierra  Nevada,  California.    (MeGlashan). 

The  species  at  first  sight  seems  allied  to  some  forms  in  the  tesHcIlata 
group.  The  genital  structure  is  different,  however,  the  clasper  not 
being  bifurcate. 

Group  ACCLIVIS. 

Anterior  tibia'  strongly  spino.se,  the  terminal  arnniture  h<>avier;  front 
broiul,  not  much  inflated,  rough,  granulate  rather  than  tuberculate. 
A.uteuun}  of  S  simple  or  ciliate  merely.    The  primaries  are  at  least 


not 

i*g 

th< 

wa 

ma 

th 

the 

evi 


gose  char- 
',  more  or 
le  8{)eci(>8 

ordinary 
are  pule, 

less  coiii- 


.spocies  of 
1  is  found 
1  with  tlie 


ised  with 

.sh  tnins- 

!nt,  genii - 

the  inner 

18  in  pale 

ibniedian 

lingle,  or 

ky  costal 

cry  close 

line  ver^' 

usized  by 

tinetinies 

h1,   (hirk 

V  scales. 

defined 

ns,  pah'r 

le  gray 

feriorly. 

le  inah', 

lie,  with 

It  discal 


per  not 


;  front 
'cnlate. 
It  least 


REVISION   OF    SPECIKS   OK    THE    O.ENUS   AGROTIS.  105 

normally  wide,  the  apices  rectangular.  The  i  genitalia  are  variable, 
agreeing  only  in  that  the  clas]>er  is  always  siini>le,  nut  more  than  half 
the  length  of  the  harpes;  the  latter  obli<|uely  rounded  at  tip  and  in- 
wardly furnished  with  a  row  of  short  spines.  The  maculation  of  pri- 
maries agrees  in  the  somewhat  strigose  character,  moi-e  or  less  obscuring 
the  ordinsiry  spots,  and  in  the  somewhat  paler  costa,  apiealis  furnishing 
the  only  exception  to  the  latter  chara(!ter.  The  thorax  is  furnished  with 
evident,  though  not  conspicuous,  fore  and  aft  tufts. 

The  species  are  few,  and  they  are  readily  distinguished.  Prodi lus  is 
largest,  and  is  separable  at  once  by  the  unusually  wide  primaries,  which 
are  also  very  dark  in  color;  the  orbicular  is  round.  The  S  genitalia 
are  distinctive.  The  clasper  has  a  very  short,  acute,  inferi«)r  i)roJ«'ctiot!, 
the  superior  hook  being  moderately  long,  not  greatly  curved,  and  moder- 
ately enlarged  at  tip.    The  harpes  are  broadly  roumkMl  at  apex. 

Avclivis  is  similar  but  smaller,  somewhat  paler,  the  maculation  nnu^h 
more  distinct,  the  orbicular  is  longitudinal,  elongate,  narrow.  The  S 
genitalia  are  very  peculiar.  The  harpes  are  much  as  in  pvovliris,  but 
the  clasper  is  niuch  curved,  somewhat  flattened,  tlilated  at  ti|>,  the  dila- 
tion concave  a'.,  inner  side,  ami  the  whole  looking  for  all  the  world  like 
a  dilapidated  soup  ladle. 

AUncoKta  is  uniformly  dark  in  color,  the  black  (-ell,  and  pale  costa,  and 
ordinary  spots  only  relieving  the  uniformity ;  the  orbicular  is  round. 
The  S  genitalia  have  little  in  common  with  the  ])receding  s|)ecies,  lint 
resemble  fennica  in  another  group.  The  harpes  are  long,  the  tip 
oblicpie,  with  the  upper  angle  acute  or  drawn-out.  Clasper  short,  stout, 
tlilated  at  middle,  and  with  a  short  beak-like  twist  at  tip. 

Apiealis  is  an  unique  md  easily  distinguished  species,  uniform  in 
color,  the  veins  a  little  darker,  transverse  lines  distinct,  unusually  close 
together,  and  the  ordinary  spots  indistinct.  The  chief  distinctive 
feature,  however,  is  a  blackish  shade  extending  from  renilorm  to  apex, 
giving  the  species  the  characteristic  appearance  (o  which  it  owes  its 
name.  The  clasp'T  is  ximple,  tapering  to  the  tip  and  tolerably  well 
urved. 

SYNOPSIS  OK  sim;(Ii:s. 

i'riiim(i«8   iiniisnally   \vi<lc;    color  v»ry   dark;    oiliiciiilar  ronMiliil,    witli  ii  ciMitial 

<lot I'lioci.ivis. 

I'riiiiiiri»'H  iiiiri-o\v«'r. 

Orl>iciilur  i'loii^iit<>,  iiioro  or  losa  iiliHorlicil  in  tlir  liniii<lly  |);il<>  rosta accmvis. 

Oi'lticiilar  rotiiitloil;   costiil  Hpaeu  |)alli<l;   o'll   Ui'lorc  aiul  Ix'iwcon  onliiiiiry  Hpots 

lilac k;  color  else  dark Ai,iii('osr,\. 

Onlinary  H|iots  iiidctinitc  ;  color  evenly  jialc,  veins  only  marked;  a  di^«tinct  Itroad 
dark  Mhadc  from  reniform  to  apex a"icali8. 

Rhizagrotis  proclivis  Smith. 
1887.  Smitli,  Proc.  U.  8.  Nat.  Muh.,  x,  4.-.n,  .Ir/co/i*. 
Very  dark,  snutky  brown,  <u'  blackish  ;  costal  region  broatlly  tinged 
with  red  brown  ;  a  reddish  sutfusion  acttompanying  also  the  t.  p.  and  s.  t. 
line.    T.  a.  line  indistinct,  nearly  upriglit  to  vein  1,  then  with  a  wide 


nUftl 


'it 


lor; 


til 


nilLLKTIN    38,  UNITEP   STATES    NATIONAL    MU.SKUM. 


i>    iih 


0V 

r 
r 

C 


It 
■ 

K 


outward  (;iirvo  to  liiiid  margin  ;  lliu  line  on  closo  exainiiiatioii  i.s  ^euii- 
iiato.  T.  i>,  line  creniilate,  narrow,  sin<»h';  its  course  j)arallel  with  the 
outer  niarfjiu.  S.  t.  line  very  faint,  irrejjular,  punctit'orui.  Two  longi- 
tudinal blaek  daslieH  cross  the  line  opposite  the  cell  and  terminate  at 
outer  margin.  Clavilbrin  Hhort,  distinct,  dark,  but  somewhat  indetinitely 
outlined.  Ordinary  spots  indistinctly  outlined,  concolorous  with  costa, 
faintly  <;entered  with  darker  8cales.  All  the  veins  are  more  or  less 
evidently  maiked  with  black  scales.  Secondaries  bhu'kish,  towanls 
basii  jialer.  lieneath  smoky,  pow«lery,  all  wings  with  discal  spots. 
.Secondaries  paler  with  a  distinct  extra  discal  dark  line,  beyouil  which 
the  wing  is  as  dark  as  on  primaries.  Head  and  thorax  like  primaries  ; 
l>atagia'  with  considerable  red  intermixed. 

Kxpands,  ,'J7""";  1.50  inches. 

Habitat. — Arizona. 

Well  (Icfined  by  tlie  dark  color  aiul  unusually  broad  wings;  there  is 
a  suggestion  of  In  nils  or  allies  in  the  habitus  that  is  at  lirst  inislea<l- 
ing.    The  simple  S  antenuic  are  decisive. 

Rhizagrotis  acclivis  Morr. 

I87r>.  MoiT.,  Ann.  I.yr.  Nat.  Mint.,  XI,  H;t  (Kdi'y),  .tijrottH. 

ofiartf  lliirv. 
187.^..  Uiiiv.,  lluir.  Hull.,  II,  7*^  pi.,  :?  f.  1  (July),  Agrotin. 

Dark,  smoky  brown,  or  blackish;  base,  costal  space,  and  all  beyond  t. 
]).  line  i>aler,  more  luteous,  strigose.  T.  a.  line  outwanlly  curved  be- 
tween veins,  not  traceable  above  median  vein.  T.  p.  line  continuous, 
narrow,  slightly  crenulate,  its  course  parallel  to  outer  margin.  8.  t.  line 
punctiform,  the  d<>ts  ehnigate,  whitish,  outwardly  marked  by  black 
dashes;  three  opposite  cell  most  di.^tin<!t,  and  narrowly  continued  to  t. 
J),  line.  ('lavif«>rm  short,  concolorous,  distini^tly  outlined.  Orbicular 
elongate,  narrow,  longitudinal.  Keniform  ppright,  normally  foi>med. 
The  a|)Ots  i)ale,  narrowly  outlined  in  black;  cent«'r  slightly  darker  lute- 
ous. Secondaries  smoky,  paler  toward  base.  Beneath  as  in  the  ju-eced- 
ing  species.  Head  «lark,  thorax,  and  esi)ecially  the  patagia',  spriidvled 
with  re(blish. 

Expands,  LM)-;Ui""";  1.15-1.;J0  inches. 

Uaiutat. — New  York(*),  Arizona,  Texas. 

Two  s|>ecimciis  of  this  species,  both  males,  are  before  n»e  ;  the  type, 
said  to  be  from  New  York,  is  larger  and  somewhat  sordid  in  appear- 
ance— evidently  not  fresh  ;  the  second  is  from  southwestern  Arizona, 
is  smaller  ami  very  distinctly  marked — evuleiitly  fresh.  The  $  geni- 
talia are  ab.solutely  alike  in  the  specimens,  and  1  have  no  doubt  they  are 
iilentical,  but  I  do  doui»t  New  York  as  the  correct  locality  for  the  type. 
I  believe  that  in  this  case  INIr.  Morrison  has  made  a  niistak(>.  This 
8i»ecies  is  very  like/^rotj/Zrw,  but  is  yet  undoubtedly  distinct.  J)r.  Har- 
vey's type  was  eviilently  much  like  my  Arizona  specimen.  There  is  no 
mistaking  the  species. 


RKVISION    or    SI'KriKS   OF    THE   OKNIS    A(JUOTI8. 


107 


1  IS  K*^uii- 
with  tlie 
wo  loiigi- 
iiiiiate  at 
iletinitely 
ith  costa, 
re  or  less 
,  towards 
!al  spots, 
imI  which 
rirnaries ; 


;  there  is 
t  mislead- 


beyond  t. 
irved  he- 
ittiniious, 

S.  t.  line 
by  bhick 
iiumI  to  t. 

)rbieuhir 

foniu'd. 

cer  hite- 
jjreced- 

)riiikled 


he  type, 
appcar- 
Ari/.oiia, 
S  jjeiii- 
they  are 
he  tyi)e. 
This 
>r.  Har- 
are is  no 


Rhizagrotis  albicosta  Smith. 

1SH7.  Smitli.  Proo.  V.  8.  Nut  Mns.,  x,  4.">»,  AijioHh. 

Very  dark,  smoky  brown ;  cell,  except  ordinary  spots  and  a  basal  dash, 
black;  (tostal  space  and  ordinary  spots  reddish  clay  ycHow.  All  the 
veins  more  or  h'ss  evidently  imirked.  T.  a.  lino  very  faintly  indi- 
•'iited  between  median  and  s.  m.  vein,  else  oi)solete ;  t.  p.  line  wantiiifr; 
s  t.  line  indicated  only  by  a  few  indetinite  black  marks  opposite  the 
cell.  Oibicnlar  ronnd,  siniill,  with  a  itnnctitbrin  dark  center.  Kcniform 
normal,  annnlate  with  .somewhat  jtider  yellow.  Secondaries  pearly 
white,  with  smoky  outer  border.  Heiu'ath,  prinniries  blackish,  seiiond- 
aries  jK'arly  white.  Thorax  concolorons  with  primaries,  with  a  some- 
what purplish  tint. 

Kxpands,  ;?L'-t2""";   1.1*5-1  .<»S  inches. 

Haiutat.  — Xew  .Mexico,  Arizona,  ('olorad(»  foot-hills. 

This  neatly  marked  species  is  very  «'asily  re(!o;;nize<l  by  the  ob.soleto 
transv<'rse  lines  and  the  pearly  white  secondaries. 

The  Colora<lo  specimens,  collected  by  ]Mr.  Jlrnce,  ar«'  distinctly  larjjer 
and  brijihter  in  color,  the  strijjation  less  evident.  'I'he  lines  are  all 
tra(H'able,  but  iM>t  evident.  The  habitus  re?nains  the  same  and  the 
gi'neiic  characters,  once  recognized,  the  specific  reference  is  certain. 

Rhizagrotis  apicalis  Ort. 
ISHO.  r.it.,  Bull,  r.eol.  Siuv.,  VI,  1.".:!,  .1;iroUH. 

Abi'Kst  nnitbrm  liiti'oiis  brown,  veins  marked  with  black  ;  a  blackish 
shade  fnnn  renilbi  ..  along  costa  to  ai)ex.  Transverse  lim\s  approxi- 
mate, narrow,  black,  even.  T.  a.  upright.  T.  p.  angulate  over  the  <!ell. 
S.  t.  line  obsolete.  Ordinary  spots  very  faintly  jlefined,  comsoloroiis, 
complete,  normal.  Two  loMgitU'Mnal  dark  lines  opposite  cell  from  t.  p. 
linetonnirgin.  Sectondarics  smoky  ;  at  ba.se  paler.  IJeneath  powdery, 
jMinniries  smoky,  secondaries  paler.  IJead  and  thorax  concolorons  with 
primaries. 

Exi>ands,  :i:l ;  1.25  inches. 

llAUlTAT — Colorado,  New  Mexico. 

This  is  one  of  the  most  simply  marked  and  nmst  easily  recognizable 

of  Dur  species  of  ^'A^rotiN,-^  bnt  it  does  not  seem  to  be  one  of  the  most 

comnnjn. 

Groiin  CLOANTMOIDES. 

Anteiior  tibia*  moderately  spiriose,  not  so  heavily  armed  at  tip. 
Front  full,  rather  broad,  rough,  granulate,  hardly  tubccnlate.  An- 
tenuic  t?  simple,  ciliate.  Thorax  untufted,  or  at  most  with  an  imh'finito 
ba.sal  tnft.  The  primaries  are  moderate,  ai)lces  rectangular,  slightly 
])rodiH!ed  ;  the  (M)lors  are  gray  and  black  ;  transverse  maculation  obso- 
lete, n^placed  by  longitudinal  strigate  markings.  Ordinary  spots  either 
more  or  less  conlluent  or  obscured  by  the  strigie. 


«•»«■■< 


it.* 

III  ; 

! 


108 


nULLKTIN    38,  UNITKI)    STATUS    NATIONAL    MUSKUM. 


■If    i'tti 


0*- 

r 

r 


m.- 

R 


The  geiiitiilisi  of  tli«^iii  the  two  species  of  whicli  they  sire  known 
are  after  one  type.  The  harpe  is  moderate  in  length,  decreasing  in 
width  to  the  tip,  where  it  is  obliqnely  truncate.  At  the  inferior  margin, 
near  the  base  of  clasper,  is  a  short,  acute  semi-corneous  projection. 
The  c1a8i>cr  is  short,  stout,  straiglit,  or  very  feebly  curved  at  base, 
ta]>ering  regularly  and  somewhat  rapidly  to  tip.  In  laycnn  it  is  longer 
than  in  cUmnthinHes.    The  species  are  easily  sepnrated, 

Loffena  is  at  once  distinguished  by  the  usually  conlluent  ordinary 
spots,  combined,  of  a  bottle  shape;  they  are  always  at  least  approxi- 
mat«»,  and  usually  confluent.  AlhnVtH  is  separable  by  the  very  distinct 
strigate  maculation  and  strongly  dentate  dark  terminal  space. 

CloanthoiiicH  is  but  a  synonym  of  alhulis,  based  upon  a  cleanly  marked 
specimen.  Mr.  (Iraef  has  the  type  of  doanthoules  and  both  the  Ilulst 
and  Meske  collecitions  have  specimens  named  alhalis  by  Mr.  (Jrote,  and 
agreeing  with  his  description,  whi(;h  are  undoubtedly  the  same. 

8YN()I'SI8  OK  HI'KCIES. 

Collar  with  a  black  lino  ;  ordinary  spots  UHiially  conlliuMit,  hotfli^  Nliai><><l..  .i.aoena. 

Collar  iinliniMl ;  ordinary  HpotH  faintly  iniiicat<>d  ;  lon^ihulinal  Hlri;;oM««  niai-nlation 

very  distinvt ;  terniiual  spaco  Htron<{ly  d«Mitatf cloantuoiuks. 

Rhizagrotis  lageua  (irt. 
IHTn.  Grt.,  Can.  Ent.,  vii,  Jfi,  .l</ro<in. 

Pale  yell«)wish  gray  ;  veins  more  or  less  marked  with  black  ;  a  olack, 
indefinite  basal  dash ;  cell  somewhat  dusky  fuscous,  the  fuscous  streak 
continuetl  to  outer  margin.  Terminal  space  somewhat  darker,  deeply 
and  irregularly  indented  on  all  the  veins.  Transverse  lines  all  obsolete. 
Ordinary  spots  distinctly  i)resent,  narrowly  outlined  in  black,  annulate 
with  white:  orbicular  narrow,  elongate,  <lecunjbent,  usually  reaching 
to  and  connected  with  the  upright,  lunate  reniform,  giving  the  com- 
bined spots  a  bottle-shaped  appearance.  In  some  specimens  the  spots 
are  not  quiteconnecte<l,  but  all  that  I  have  seen  have  tluMu  very  closely 
approximated  at  least.  Secondaries  white;  a  narrow  dusky  line  at 
margin.  liencath  powdery,  white;  an  extra  discal  punctiform  dusky 
line  on  secondaries. 

Expands  ;i8-t0""" ;  1.50-1.00  inches. 

Habitat. — Arizona,  M<mtana,    Utah,  California,  Nevada. 

A  very  well-marked  species  allied  in  appearance  to  hnllemani,  belong- 
ing to  an  entirely  difterent  group.  A  specinuMJ  of  lioUemani  in  ]\Ir.  Neu- 
moegen's  colletition  is  labeletl  layeiia  by  Mr.  (Irote.  The  simple  male 
antenna'  will  always  distinguish  this  species  from  the  other. 

Rhizagrotis  albalis  (irt. 

1H78.  Grf.,  Mull.  Gt'ol.  Snrv.,  iv,  17."),  .lyvotis. 

cloaiilhoides  (Jrt. 
l-'HO.  Grf...  Hull.  Gcol.  .Siirv.,  \  i,  IW.l,  Aijroth. 

Gray,  varying  in  shade,  veins  strigate  with  black,  median  lines  lost. 
A  distinct  bhick  basal  dash  ;  cell  slightly  dusky,  hind  margin  narrowly 


4. 


KKVI«1()N    OF    «PECIK8    OK    TIIK    GKNUS    A(iKoTIS. 


KM) 


re  known 
'easing;  in 
)r  niargiii. 
trqjection. 
[  at  l)as(>, 
;  is  lonjj^n- 

onlinarj* 
t  approxi- 
y  distinct 

y  marked 
the  IIuLst 
rrote,  and 
je. 


..  .rACiEVA. 

iimciiliitioii 

iNniOII>KS. 


;  a  oinck, 
U8  streak 
r,  <leei>Iy 
obsolete, 
annulate 
reaching 
the  com- 
ho  spots 
•y  ch)sely 
y  hue  at 
n  dusky 


belong- 

Mr.  Neu- 

de  male 


les  lost, 
arrowly 


t'liscons.  Terminal  space  very  irregular,  fuscous,  projecting  a  long 
tooth  inwardly  opposite  cell,  and  i»  second  on  sulnnedian  interspace. 
The  space  is  completely  cut  on  veins  3  and  4  by  indentations  of  the 
s.  t.  line,  which  is  marked  by  black  cuneiform  spots.  Ordinary  spots 
smull,  indetinite,  obscured  or  entirely  absorbed  in  the  strigate  nnteu- 
liition;  orbicular  small,  V  shaped,  connected  by  the  ocliery  shading 
with  the  small,  upright  v>!:ltish  ringed  reniform.  Secondaries  white, 
with  a  narrow  dusky  outer  nmrgin.     Beneath  whitish,  powdery. 

Kxpantls  ;5li-;j.') """ ;  1.30-1.40  inches. 

Habitat. — Nevatla,  Colorado. 

I  have  seen  the  type  of  this  species  from  Dr.  Daih\v's  collection  ami 
the  type  of  cloanthoiiles  from  Mr.  (Iraef's  cidlection.  The  former  looks 
like  a  washed  out  specimen  of  the  latter,  but  the  markings  are  itb'Uti- 
cal.  I  have  seen  other  specimens,  princi[)alty  of  the  vUmnthoideH 
form,  and  believe  the  type  of  ulbaliif  to  be  a  faded  sitecimen,  which  can 
not  well  be  matched  among  fresh  material. 

Genus  FELTIA  Wlk. 

The  distinctive  characters  of  the  species  grouped  umler  the  present 
term  are  spinose  and  (piite  heavily  armed  fore  tibiie;  protuberant, 
rough  front,  peetinate«l  or  serrate  antenna*,  usually  wide  wings  with 
tlark  colors  ami  a  tendency  to  a  radiate  type  of  maculation.  With 
this  genus  begins  the  series  of  forms  in  which  the  $  genitalia  are  after 
a  single  type,  so  that  the  type  can  be  used  in  the  subdivisions  of  the 
series  of  species.  In  tlie  species  grouped  here,  the  harpes  are  as  a 
whole  oblong,  the  sides  not  straight,  but  tolerably  parallel,  the  tip  ob- 
litpiely  rounded,  the  margin  inwardly  set  with  spinules.  The  claspor 
consists  of  a  single,  simple,  curved  hook,  variable  in  length,  but  very 
much  alike  in  the  species,  so  that  it  does  not  attbrd  very  good  char- 
acters. There  is  one  other — the  following — genus  which  agrees  in  all 
these  structural  features,  but  dill'ers  essentially  in  habitus  and  wing 
form  and  in  which  the  clypeal  projection  becomes  cylindric,  and  more 
developed  in  type. 

I  have  recogniy.ed  two  groups  or  series  of  species,  the  one,  of  which 
Hubgothica  is  typical,  characterized  by  the  open,  V  shaped  orbicular 
and  paler  costa,  the  other,  of  which  rcncrabilis  nujy  be  consid«a'e»l  the 
type  in  which  the  orbicular  is  complete  or  at  least  not  open  to  the  costa, 
and  in  which  the  radiate  type  of  maculation  is  sometimes  strongly 
developed. 

There  are  two  fiberrant  species,  annexa  and  malrfula,  with  narrow 
wings  find  more  normal  type  of  maculation,  that  should  perhaps  have 
also  ranked  as  a  grou])  and  must  at  least  rank  as  a  subdivision  of  the  ten- 
crabUis  series.  The  species  of  both  groups  are  confused,  and  perhaps 
in  the  allies  of  vaneourcrcnsis  the  solution  here,  is  not  the  true  one.  The 
ditticulty  of  applying  the  proper  insects  to  existing  names  is  a  consid- 


,, 

it 

.K 

» 

■  ■• 

»| 

lit 

« 

tl* 

,  ; 

tl*l^' 


no 


mn.LEilN    :IH,   irNlTKM    iSTATKS    NATIONAL    MUSEUM. 


r 

r 


m 
m 
n 

It 

i 
« 

* 

( 
t 
I 


t'l'iilile  one,  ami  owiii^  to  the  fact  tliat  coiisitlcraMi'  variation  oxist.s 
within  tlie  s|><'ei(>.s,  tlu-ir  iirnitation  is  nut  easy.  In  tin.'  \'.  S.  National 
ISIusciiin  <;olUM;tion  aru  several  series  of  hr(><l  specimens  wliiitli  will  aid 
in  the  stuily.  The  S  antenna'  will  nnilouWtedly  aid  in  the  separation 
of  the  species  as  they  have  done  in  the  .sulKjotliivti  series.  This  <;roup  I 
have  most  earefnlly  studied  and  believe  the  arran^'ement  entitled  tt»  he 
called  tinal.  The  antenna-  of  the  male  hereallord  valuable  ^.ni ides,  and 
tronlirm  the  existing,'  separation  (»f  the  forms  while  addin;;  another  spe- 
cies in  a  Texan  form  that  has  been  variously  denominated  suht/ofliiai  and 
tiicosd.  Dr.  Kiley  has  bred  .siihyotliira,  Jaculijh-d,  and  hcrclis,  and  the 
larva'  dilfer  and  farther  confirm  the  ditl'erenee  of  the  species.  He  has 
in  view  tin'  preparation  of  a  pajier  treatinj;  these  speci-s  from  the  bio- 
lo;;ic  side. 

Oroiip  Sl'lUiOTIIICA. 

This  {(roup  contains  species  closely  allied  in  j;«'neral  appear.mce  and 
structure — so  closely  allied,  indeed,  tliat  four  of  them  have  been  >^vu- 
erally  «'onsidereil  by  some  as  varieties  of  one  and  the  same  species. 
In  structure  the  species  a^ree  in  the  main  with  j,'r(»np  nncnihilis.  The 
tibia'  are  .'ill  spinose,  the  anterior  broadeiiinjj  somewhat  at  tip,  the  ter- 
minal spines  stronj;.  The  front  is  rugose,  bmacl,  and  full,  apparently 
alike  in  the  species.  The  thorax  is  (piadrate,  with  a  distin<!t,  thouj'h 
ratiier  low  divided  crest.  The  <!  antenna'  are  serrate,  dilVeriiij;  some- 
what in  the  s^jccies.  In  all  these  characters  the  species  a«;ree  with  the 
renerahiUs  ^roup  and  diller  froni  it  only  in  ornamentation — the  open 
trian^Mdar  i)rbicular  at  once  sejKiratinii  the  species  from  those  of  the 
latter  jjioup.  The  harpes  of  the  S  also  a^'ree  in  fiuiu  with  those  of 
tlie  rencrabilis  ;>rou|»;  the  clas[)eris  single,  lony,  acutt',  and  but  slightly 
curved. 

Of  the  species,  «//rm  is  readily  distinguished  by  the  white  secontlaries 
and  constricted  reniform.  In  the  ivmainjier  of  the  spe(;ies  the  reniform 
is  uu)re  or  less  evidently  luiuite,  and  the  secondari'.'s  are  dusky.  »S'«/>- 
(jothica  is  small  and  pale,  the  secondaries  beinjj  dusky  only  toward  the 
margin.  The  S  antenna'  are  serrate,  the  joints  on  each  side  with 
branched  spines.  Jdculifera  and  hercUa  are  both  larger,  and  have  dusky 
secondaries;  henlis  is  darker,  with  a  brownish  tint,  and  with  the  mac- 
ulation  not  so  distinct,  but  seems  otherwise  .so  closely  related  that  were 
it  not  for  the  dilVerences  in  the  3  antenna'  I  should  not  hesitate  to  n'ler 
them  as  iilentical.  In  j(wuli/eia  the  joints  are  muidi  as  in  milKjothica, 
but  the  branched  spines  and  serrations  longer,  while /*<;<r//s  has  the  joints 
very  short,  broad,  with  long  simple  lateral  bristles  and  short  spinules 
and  cilia'. 

redinicornis,  which  most  nearly  resembles  jflCM/Z/Vra,  has  theantennal 
joints  like  lieretis,  but  with  longer  branches  and  even  longer  cilia'. 

In  oliria  the  antenuie  are  njore  like  Jaculijha.  Figures  <)f  all  these 
forms  are  given. 


f- 


M. 

lion  exists 
).  National 
til  will  aid 
separation 
lis  ;>roiip  I 
itlnl  to  III' 
iiidos,  and 

OtluT    SJH'- 

lotliini  and 
H,  and  tliu 
.  lie  lias 
II  tlu>  liio- 


I'.iiK-e  and 
Im'I'Ii  ;^t'ii- 
«^  spi'cics. 
ilif.  Till- 
p,  llu^  tci- 
ppareiitl.v 
!t,  tli(>ii;;li 
inj;  sonie- 
i  with  the 
-the  open 
se  of  the 
those  of 
t  sli«:litly 

:!ondaries 
reiiilorin 
k.v.  ^Si(b- 
ward  the 
ide  with 
ve  dusky 
the  inac- 
liat  were 
e  to  refer 
hHiithica, 
hejoiiits 
spiuules 

niitennal 

lie. 

all  these 


UKVISIOX    OF    .Sl'HC'lKS    (iK    Till:    GKM  8    AliKOTlS.  Ill 

III  synoiitie  form  the  speeies  stand — 

iifiiironii  ilUtiiirtl>  I'oii.sti'irtcil  at  iiildilli' ;  M-<-(iiHlarii>H  wliiU^ OMVIA. 

itriiiliinn  liiiiatf,  not  (■tiiiNlricli-ii. 
Sfi'<)ii<liii'ii-s  pair,  Willi  liroatl  liimky  iiiiir;;iii  :  cuHta.  inriljiin  Htmtk  aixl  s.  i.  n]i,ii<« 

of  |ii'iiiiarit'H  raiiUMniH si'iUioiiircA. 

.Si-ciiiiilai'icH  lilai'klsli  limwii. 

Aiitfiina  ^  with  joiiit.s  half  wider  tliiin   loii;;,  iinvanlly  ariiMtd  with   liranrh<-il 
H|iiii('H,   (iiitw'iinll.v   i-iliatt!.      S.    t.    liio-   ami    paler  Hpiieo   of  priinarics  rvi- 

liciit     i.\(  Ti.irKirA. 

Aiitciiiia  r(  with  Joints  twice  tin  wide  hm  liiii;r,  mi  each  Hide  with  a  Imi^  hiistle  and 

ciliii-   ti)  each  jniiit.      S.   t.  line  and   pale  Npai f  piiinaries  indiHtinrt  or 

wan  tin;; llKltKl.ls. 

Antennae  ,/  as  in  liinlis;  Init  lateral  liranehiN  t  wire  aM  Ion;;,  lateral  brislles  also 
l<>n;;er n-.c  riNic<n;Ms. 

I  have  aeeepted  Mr.  ISntler's  ideiitilieatitni  of  (luenee's  yV(t'H///rr«.  If 
Gt'.eiiee  <'onfiise<l  thiee  speeies  under  one  name,  one  of  them  at  least 
oii$;;ht  to  be  retained  as  typieal. 

Feltia  olivia  Morr. 

l"^7li.  Morr.  I'r.  IJost.  Soc.  N.  II.  xviii,  i»:H,  Jyrotin. 

Keddish  elay  yellow;  median  vein  and  ontlinea  of  ordinary  spots 
marked  with  white.  An  indetinite  ihirk  liateh  at  liase.  T.  a.  line  not 
(!rossinj{  eostal  spaei^;  <j;eniinate;  Innate  between  veins,  ('lavilbrm 
short,  outlined  in  blaek.  (Jell,  except  ordinary  spots,  blaekish.  Onli- 
nary  spots  concoloroiis.  T.  p.  line  wantiuij.  A  jtalerapieal  patch.  S. 
t.  line  tra(!eable,  inwardly  marked  by  bhurk  sajjf^itate  spots,  ontwartlly 
by  the  dark  terminal  space.  Frinjjes  dusky,  a  yellow  line  at  base.  See 
ondaries  pearly  white,  veins  and  marji;iiis  smoky.  Deneath  ;^ray,  [low- 
dered  with  blackish,  both  wings  with  diseal  Itinule. 

Kxpaiids  .'M)""",  1.5  inche.s. 

IIaiutat.— Utah. 

The  species  is  very  easily  tlistiiignishcil  from  the  others  in  this  section 
by  the  character  given  in  the  table.  The  serrations  of  the  S  anteiiiKe 
are  also  longer,  and  rather  more  like  pectinations  than  in  any  of  the 
other  species  aiivti  pcctinkornis. 

One  specimen  only  (the  tyjie)  from  Mr.  Teppei's  collection. 

Feltia  subgotliica  Ilaw. 

Id-i'J.  Steph.,  III.  ISr.  KnI.  Ilansl..  n,  PJC.  pi.  -J-J  I'.  :!,  .lyrulis. 

IrtJ'.l.  Wotid,  Ind.  Knt.,:?!"..  pi.  I)  I'.  I  li>,  .liimtis. 

l-'.')(t.  Fileh,  FiiNt  and  Seccnid  Kept.  In.s.,  N.  Y.,  '.{14,  pi.  ;{,  f.  I,  Ajrotia. 

ISr.i.  Grt.,  Hnll".  IJnII.  i,  ll'.i,  .lijr(iti.i. 

I*^?!.  Lintucr,  F.iit.  ('out.  ill,  Itil,  Anniliii. 

IHH'i.  liiley,  Papilio  ii,  II,  Aijroiin. 

Itisa.  Saiind.,  Fruit  Ins.  :W8,  f.  :f-.'il,  Ayrotix. 

jaiiilij'tra  var.,  (Jn. 
IK')2.  Cn.,  .Sp.  (ien.  Xoet.  i,  'HVi,  pi.  v  f.  4,  Aorolit. 
If^oti.  Wlk.,  C.  IJ.  Mils.,  Lep.  Ilet.  x,:W7,  Ayrotis. 
imJ.  Riley  First  Kept.  Ins.  Mo.  &i,  pl.  1,  f.  11,  Agrotia. 


iiai 
i«i' 


112 


Hl'LLKTIN    :w,  ITNITKIJ   STATKS    NATIONAL   Ml'SEUM. 


*>:  '«l 


r 

r 


0 

( 


\rftX  fJrt.,  HiilV.  l»iill.  I. '.•■.»,  i»r.  m.vii. 

l~*l.  Kilcv,  Iiiilix  to  Mo.  lti-|itM.,  .Vj,  pr.  Hj-n. 

H-<-.>.  liiliy,  I'iipilio  II,  11,  .\ijro\i». 

iliic) HI  NVlk. 

I-*:^;.  WIK..  (  .  i;.  Mms.,  L.|..  IFft.  ix,  ',»«):«,  r,llia. 

MW.  (Jri.  ami  Kol>.,  TraiiH.  Am.  Kill.  Soi.,  n,  77,  |ir.  Hyn. 

I"^i;».  Ilftliiiiic,  Can.  r.iit.  I,  h;,  pr.  syii. 

H-i'.».  Hiill«r,  Traiix,  Km.  Soc.  Loml.,  :{77,  \>r.  h.vii. 

(rroiiiHl  color  ;;i-:iv,  willi  a  smoky  tiii;;e;  ('0!st;il  spa(H>,  iiKMliiiii  vein, 
iiitci'iial  margin  an<l  s.  t.  spa<'('  inoiv  or  l('s.s  <ltMi.s«'l,v  llcckctl  with  wliili; 
scales,  liasiil  liiic(iistiii<;t  «iii  (Mista,  oiitwartll.v  ohliqiio  to  median  vein, 
tluMi  inwiinllv  an;;iilato,  distinctly  white  across  the  siihhasal  dark 
space.  T.  a.  line  strai;;lit  iVoin  median  to  siiliniedian  vein,  then  with  a 
widt^  outward  lunation  to  hind  mar<;in.  Claviforin  reaching;  middle  of 
win;;,  lilackish,  sniinonnted  hy  a  pale  streak.  Cell,  except  ordinary 
spot.s,  Idackish.  T.  p.  line  liinidate,  sin^de,  often  indistinct,  its  eonrsu 
sinuate.  A  dark  siibapical  patch.  Terminal  spiu;e  blackish.  S.  t. 
line  marked  with  deep  l>la(;k  spots,  Ktron;;ly  indenting  the  terminal 
space  on  veins  ',i  and  I.  Orldcidar  of  the  same  color  as  costal  space; 
rcniform  tli.M-oloi-ou.s,  yellow,  with  a  somewhat  dark  center.  Second- 
aries pearly  white,  veins  and  outer  marjiins  smok  lieneath,  ])rim!i- 
ries  Idackish,  inner  mar;;in  pider;  secondaries  as  anove.  Collar  with 
narrow  alternately  dark  and  paler  lines;  patagia-  pale  yellowish  white, 
margined  with  smoky  bla<k. 

Expands  ;31-37' ;  1.25-1.50  inches. 

Habitat.— United  States  and  Canada. 

This  is  one  of  our  most  common  species,  and  variable  .as  it  is  in  si/e, 
brightness  of  color  and  comparative  depth  of  the  pale  and  dark  shades, 
the  maculation  is  yet  remarkably  constant.  Western  specimens  are 
as  a  ride  somewhat  larger  and  darker  than  the  eastern  material.  Char- 
acteristic is  the  deep  indentation  into  the  terminal  space  made  by  the 
s.  t.  line  on  veins  li  and  4,  and  by  this  character  alone  the  spe- 
cies can  be  uistingnished  from  the  others  often  conf«>nnded  with  it. 
The  white  secondaries  and  generally  paler  color  are  alao  character- 
istic. 

Feltia  Jaculifera  (in. 

l-.V,'.  On..  S|>.  Cell.,  N.Kt.  I,  iiti'i,  AgroliH. 

IHC'J.  IJil.'y.  First  Ki'pt.  IiLs.  Mo.,  82  i.  ii'J  h,  Aijrolia. 

l.<7:i.  CJrt.,  nmr.  Uull.  i,  Hl)  =^  suhyothim. 

I8dl.  Kilt'v,  Imlcx  to  Mo.  Ilcpts.,  .'iS  =  <rico««. 

sN%of/ii<'((  t  Pack. 

IHIW.  raik.,(;iii.le,  inM.,  f.  ii;{M,  ri«lit-liiui<l  tig. 

18S).  Saiiiiil.,  Fruit  Iuh.,  f.  3'il>,  right  liaiul  lig. 

triioxii  l.int. 

1874.  Lint.,  Knf.  Cont.  ill,  159,  Jf/ro/M. 

lH7r).  Ilarv.,  IJutV.  Hull,  ill,  .^  A;irotin. 

18H'2,  Kili'v,  Pnpilio,  ii,  44  --  var.  stibgothica. 

1883.  Grt.,  Proc.  Am.  Phil.  Soc.  \XI,  l.^O.  an.sp.  di-st.  ? 

1889.  Bull.,  Trunii.  Ent.  Soc,  Loud.,  1H89,  377  =  jaculifera,  type. 


Till 

wlif 

vei 

a  I  si 

Till 

ent 


of 


CM. 


KKVISHiN    OF    SI'Kl'IKS    OF    TIIK    OKNUS    A(JUOi'lS. 


ii;{ 


[•diaii  vein, 
with  whilt; 
Mlian  vein, 
>iisal  dark 
Ihmi  with  a 

ini<MU;  of 
t  onliiiarv 

its  (iom-Mu 
ish.  S.  t. 
)  ti'iiiiiiial 
ital  space; 
Seooml- 
th,  priina- 
ollar  ^^ith 
ish  white, 


IS  III  size, 
k  shades, 
mens  are 
I.  Char- 
le  by  the 
the  spe- 
with  it. 
laracter- 


Of  the  same  f^vneial  appeiiraiicc  as  Hitlnjotltini,  hut  ilill'criii;;  as  follows : 
The  color  is  more  even,  the  (Mintrasts  le.ss  «listiiu;t.  Median  vein  not 
white;  ulavil'orm  short,  outlines  only  Idaek.  8.  t.  line  not  indented  on 
veins  .'{  and  4.  and  as  a  whole  nearer  the  onter  .::iar;;in.  The  reniform 
also  is  not  diseol«>rons,  Imt  of  the  same  color  as  are  tlie  li;;lit  siiades. 
There  is  i\  stron;;  inltlish  tint  in  primaries,  and  the  sc-ondaries  are 
entirely  dnsky. 

Kxpands  Xt-M' ;  l.KUl.r»(l  inches. 

IIaimtat. — Unitetl  States  east  <d"  I Jocky  Mountains;  <'aiiada. 

Tlie  above  ditVerenccs  are  constant,  and  may  he  relied  npoii  to  dis- 
tinguish the  spe(;ies  from  Hiihffothint  under  all  ciiciimstances.  It  is  not 
so  common  as  aubyotltiea,  though  like  it,  ft'e<[uentsgoUU*n  rod  in  theday- 
time. 

The  above  synonymy  is  fjiveii  on  the  authority  of  ^Ir.  Uutler,  who 
says  positively  ^'trivosa  Lint.,  is  typical  y««M///t*»v» ;  hrnlis  is  a  po(»r 
variety."  Under  all  circumstaiicfs  (iucncc's  name  must  stan<l  for  one 
of  the  forms,  since  he  had  all  three  before  him,  and  as  Itcntis  was  lirst 
se]>arated,  the  name  would  ordinarily  be  applied  to  the  tricosa  form. 
Tlie  Texan  form  wlii«*ii  I  have  i-allcd  it<Ttini(ornis  was  probably  not 
before  (Jueiiee  when  he  wrote.  1  think,  however,  that  Harvey  had 
tills  iurm  from  Texas  as  the  basis  of  his  note  in  liulV.  iiull.  in,  h. 

Feltia  herelis  Urt. 

.«7:J.  «rt.,  lliiir.  Hull.  I,  ;••.»,  .tyrotm. 

lf<74.  Liiil.,  ImiI.  Ciini.    Ill,  lllH,    Aiirolh. 

iHr^'i.  Kilfj',  riipiliit  n,  II —  ««/<(/(»//(((■(/,  var. 

l«rt;i.  Git.,  I'loc.  Am.  I'liil.  .Soi-.  .\xi,  l.'>(!,  an.  up.  <li»t. 

jaciili/era  (in.  vai".  II. 
in'i'i.  Gil.,  S|>.  lion.,  N'oit.  I,  *itW,  AijiottH. 
1H7:I.  Grt.,  Burt.  Hull,  i,  l»lt,  \>i:  m.vii. 

The  ditferences  in  maciilation  between  this  species  and  trirom  are 
ditHciilt  to  detiiie,  thou};;li  the  in.scirt  is  at  a  fiance  separable,  and  iiii- 
doubteilly  a  distinct  species.  It  is  usually  larjjcr,  darker,  somewhat 
purplish  in  color,  the  costa  and  orbi(;iilar  often  entirely  concolorou.s. 
The  reniforni  varies  from  yellow  to  coneolorous  with  the  pulcr  parts  of 
win},'s  pale  median  «las!i  always  present,  and  reachinj^  the  t.  i>.  line. 
Secondaries  almost  uniformly  blackish. 

Expands  37-4(1""";  l.oO-l.(K)  inches. 

IlAHlTAT.— With  tricosa. 

As  a  whole  this  species  is  larger  and  somewhat  more  robust  than  the 
preceding.  The  structure  of  the  i  antenna  is  easily  made  out,  and  is 
the  best  character  to  distinguish  it.  The  t.  a.  line  in  this  as  well  as 
/Wc««rtditl'ers  from  that  of  .vM/>r/o//«jm  in  being  oblitpie  instead  of  straight 
across  the  space  between  median  and  submediaii  veins.  From  j^ccfi- 
nicornis  this  species  differs  iyi  tlic  uutennal  structure,  as  well  as  in  the 
uuiform,  darker  color. 

23045— No,  m 6 


.«):i-.| 


114       miLi.KTiN  :;8,  unitkd  statks  national  museum. 


r 
r 

c 

m 

d 

■ 


Feltia  pectiiiicornis  up  iiov. 

This  spt'ci'^s  is  inleriiiediiito  in  iii)i»iMriiii(;e  between  Hulxjothiva  and 
jaculi/era.  In  details  of  iiiaculatiou  it  is  very  Vilm  jacu lift ra,  while  the 
coh)r  is  more  like  subtjotliiai ;  IVoin  both  the  antenna!  structure  separates 
it.  On  an  averay;e  it  is  siuailer  than  eitiier  of  its  allies.  Itla(!l-r-  the 
dentations  on  veins  .'J  and  l  whit;ii  characterize  .suhfjolliiva,  but  lias  the 
paler,  striijate  costal  rejiion,  and  the  black  inarkinjis  in  the  interspaces 
between  veins  li  and  ',>,  '.'>  and  4,  and  i  and  5,  extendin}*'  from  the  median 
vein  t«»  the  t.  [).  line.     The  claviforin  is  short,  as  xn  javiillfcra. 

Thus  far  1  have  seen  the  species  from  Texas  ouly. 

Feltia  evaiiidalis  (<rt. 
IfSTH.  Grt.,  IJiill.  Geol.  Siirv.  iv,  17',',  .lymtit. 

"Allied  to'ttuhifipthica,  a  little  stouter  than  that  species,  paler  colored, 
and  the  antenuie  are  more  stronj^Iy  bristled.  Thorax  and  abdomen 
soiled  i)ale  ochcry.  Fore  win,ns  colored  like  milxjotliica,  the  claviform 
shorter,  surmounted  by  a  broad,  pale  stripe,  which  extends  to  internal 
angle;  reniforni  more  rounded,  stained  with  liyht  yellow;  subcostal, 
uu^dian,  and  submedian  veins  strii)ed  with  white  at  l)ase.  Orbicular 
whitish,  trianynlate,  absorbed  superiorly,  subterminal  space  and.  ter- 
minal much  as  in  sKlxjothira.  Hind  wings  whitish,  with  broad  dilfuse 
borders.  Beneath  pale,  with  discal  points;  those  on  primaries  pale 
ringed.     Si/e  of  .sM/zr/o/A/rrt,  or  a  little  larger.     California." 

iSeems  a  good  species  but  is  entirely  unknown  to  me.  It  nniy  be  the 
Californiaii  rejuesentative  of  tlie  other  species  of  this  group,  though  in 
all  the  (Jalifornian  material  in  tiie  Museum  and  which  1  have  lately 
received  from  JNlessrs.  Kdwards  and  Neumoegen  there  is  nothing  toitor- 
respoud  with  it,  though  milxjothiva  is  repieseuted  iu  all  seinlings. 


gjtl 

spT 

en^ 

tliil 
poJ 

iiwi 

pe(l 
serl 
S 

of 
kinp 
sixf 


Gioiip  VliNEKAIULIS. 

All  the  tibiae  spinose;  anterior  pair  slightly  abbreviated,  Ihittened, 
the  terminal  armature  heavy  and  claw-like.  Front  broad,  full,  pitted 
or  slightly  tuberculate,  dillVring  iu  tiie  species,  and  even  in  the  si)eci- 
mens  of  the  same  s[»e«;ies,  never  sniu(»th.  The  antennae  of  the  $  are 
pectiimte  or  evidently  serrate  and  biistled.  Tiie  liarpes  of  the  6  are 
moderate  iu  length,  rather  broad,  obli(|ue  at  til),  the  angles  rounded. 
The  dasper  in  the  majority  of  sjjccies  is  rather  short,  stout,  and  not 
greatly  curved.  Stif/inoNd  has  it  somewhat  longer,  but  of  the  same 
general  shai)e,  while  annexa  and  Hi«/c//V/<t  agree  iu  this  respect  precisely 
with  the  suhtjothica  group.  The  body  is  stout,  robust,  the  vestituro 
tiiick  and  long,  hairy.  The  tiiorax  is  quadrate,  convex,  ai\d  in  well- 
jireserved  sju'cimens  a«listinct  though  not  pi')ininent  longitudinal  crest 
is  evident.  l<iXce|)t  in  the  comparatively  narrower  ami  shorter  wings 
lio  decided  structural  chanu  ter  seems  to  separate  tiiis  group  from  stib- 


IM.. 


UKVISION    Ob    81'ECIKS    OF   THE   GENUS    AGRCniS. 


115 


ffothica  jiinl 
«,  w iiile  tlu' 

It  lack  tlu' 
Hit  lia8  the 
iiiteivspact's 
the  uieiliaii 


ler  colored, 
il  aluloiiuMi 
i  clavifoini 
to  iiittiiiial 
subcostal, 
Orbicular 
!«  and,  ter- 
oad  dill'usc 
larit's  pale 

nay  be  the 
thou^'li  in 
ive  lately 
w'  to  (!or- 


Ihittened, 

all,  pitted 

tlie  s[>eci- 

the  i  are 

he  $  are 

rounded. 

,  and  not 

the  same 

precisely 

vestitnre 

1  in  well- 

inal  crest 

er  wind's 

Voia  Hxib' 


gjtkica  •\u\  allies,  but  the  style  (»f  inaculation  is  entirely  dillerent  in  most 
spt'cies,  and  they  all  have  either  the  orbicular  entirely  complete  or 
entirely  obsolete.  The  costa  is  never  paibd,  but  on  the  contrary,  where 
there  is  any  dilterence  in  general  shade,  the  ;;'>«tal  region  is  the  darkest 
portion  of  the  wing.  Two  well-defineii  ,•>•■•■  bgroups  are  iudicate<l  by  the 
antennal  structure.  In  the  first,  the  antennae  (  i  )  are  <listinctly  bi- 
pectinate,  the  jiectinations  ciliate,  in  the  second  they  are  serrate,  the 
serrations  furnished  with  branched  spines.  In  lu)  two  si)ecies  are  the 
i  antennae  exactly  alike;  but  as  they  vary  t<t  an  extent  in  s[)ecimens 
of  the  same  species,  and  as  the  vai.  tion  is  one  of  degree  ratlier  than 
kind,  the  character  is  not  one  made  use  of  here,  except  in  iustaiu'es  where 
species  else  not  easily  separable  can  be  .hus  readily  distinguished. 

The  species  with  pectinate  antenna  .ire  but  three  in  nundter,  and  are 
readily  distinguished.  CircuiiuUita  it  recognizable  at  a  glance  by  the  red- 
dish brown  terminal  si»ace  and  inner  margin,  as  well  as  the  oblong  upright 
discolorous  reniform.  Oln<liaria,  of  which  morrisoniana  is  a  synonym, 
isdistingui'hed  '\v  the  pale  veuular  streaks,  showing  some  r<'send)lance 
to  .s•«<;//(»^'*a•((,  especially  in  the  distinct  pale  streak  surmounting  the 
claviform.  The  s.  t.  line  is  always  visible,  pale  in  color,  ami  preceded 
by  a  series  of  sagittate  black  spots.  Vrncnihilin  is  a  darker  species, 
often  considerably  powdered  with  white  or  gray  ;  the  veins  are  narrowly 
marked  with  black,  tlie  transverse  maculation  obs«)lete. 

From  the  suecies  in  the  secontl  division  of  the  group,  uiincva  and 
malejida  may  be  separated  by  the  longer,  acute  lilasper  of  the  i  ,  as  well 
as  by  the  la.'giT,  more  distinct  head  and  more  elongate  priuuiries.  An. 
ncxa  is  always  readily  known  by  the  small  ordinary  spots,  connected 
by  a  neat  distinct  black  dash.  In  maUjida  the  ordinary  sjjots  are  laige, 
and  not  coniUM;ted. 

Of  the  remaining  species,  tjravis,  of  which  vapulayis  is  a  .synonym,  is 
distinguished  by  its  small  .size,  and  the  annulate  ordiiiaiy  si»ots.  The 
reniform  is  somewhat  constricted,  and  at  its  inner  interior  angles  (►ften 
.sends  out  a  slight  spur,  sometinu's  connect  ing  with  tlu^  orbitmiar.  \'<in- 
couverciiNis,  of  which  sciniclunita  is  a  .synon.mi,  is  an  exceedingly  vari- 
able spticies,  scarcely  two  si)ecimens  being  alike.  The  color  varies  iVom 
dirty  reddish  yellow  to  bright  yellow  brown,  often  irrorate,  with  bright 
purplish  gray  .scales.  Usually  a  deep  black  clavitorin  is  a  prominent 
feature  in  the  appearance  of  the  s[)ecimeus,  but  .sometimes  this  is  hardly 
traceable.  From  grans  the  species  is  distinguished  by  the  larger  size 
and  lack  of  palo  annuli  to  the  ordinary  spots.  The  paler  forms  of  this 
species  I  have  often  seen  i!>  collections  labeled  oaneipennis.  Indeed, 
Mr.  Grote  himself  is  not  guiltless  of  some  errors  of  this  nature  in  col- 
lections. The  type  of  aeneipennis  is  more  evenly  colored,  with  ob.s(d»'te 
maculation,  and  with  much  broader  and  nn)re  lengthily  bristled  S  an- 
tenna'-. Volithilis,  of  which  nfi<jin<>sa  is  a  synonym,  also  vari(^s  greatly, 
some  of  its  variations  coining  close  to  some  forms  of  canvoHvervuHis,     It 


IW 


III 


fill 


■  CM] 


"11(1 


t**| 


III  ' 


■m,"''"* 


r 
r 

c 


• 


116  BULKTIN    :W,  TNlTEl)    STATES    NATIONAL   MUSKUM. 

may  be  distingtiislii'd  by  the  usually  ovate,  orbicular,  and  the  strongly 
dentate  s.  t.  line  which  is  often   wanting.     In  rancouvercnsis  the  s.  t. 
line  is  lunate,  but  tolerably  even  and  always  traceable. 
The  following  table   will  illustrate  the  ditterencos  : 

Male  aiit<Mitii(>  <li»tiiictly  hipectinato. 
Toriniiial  Mpaci!,  (irdiiiary  N[iutN,    iiiitl  iiin<.'r  inar<^iii  of  in'iinai'ios  iliHcoloroiiH,  red- 

tlish;  {jiroiiiKl  color,  black ish  lnown ciucu.MData. 

Tcriiiiiial  .s|)ai.'<!  of  pi'iiiiai'ics  coi  .'oloroiis. 
Transverso  liiicH  and  ordinary  spots  olivioiiH,  vt'inn  more  or  loss  rcliovfd  liy  i)ah'r 

Htl'OakH (il.ADIAIUA. 

TranMViM'sii  lines  and  orbicular  obHolfte,   costal   niar;;iii,    clavit'orin    and  veins 

blackish;  else  dirty  yellowish  gray VKNKitAiULis. 

Male  unteniuu  sernite,  bristled  and  ciliato,  not  pectinate. 

Head  rather  small,  retracted,   primaries  proportionately  short  and  narrow.     Sec- 
ondaries dusky. 
Ordinary  sjjots  distinctly   annulate  with   pale  yellow,  reniforni  constricted,  iii- 
I'erinrly  produced  inwardly  into  an  acuto  tooth  often  reaching  th(^  or- 
bicular  UKAVIS. 

Ordinary  spots  not  annulate  with  pale. 
I'riuiaries  somewhat  nr<rrower. 
Oriticnlar  round ;  s.  t.  liiui  rather  even,  though  somewhat  variable.  Clavifurni 
distinct,  usually  black  or  darker  than  groundcolor.,  vancouvikkn.sis. 
Macnlatiou  indistinct,  as  in  preceding;  color  yellowish;  antenuic  of  li  nioro 

sti'oi'gly  serrate,  bristles  longer ak.N'KIPKNMs. 

I'rimariivs  wider;  orbicular  usually  ovate;  s.  t.  line  often  lacking;  when  pri^s- 

ent  very  irregular,  strongly  dentate VOLi.'iuiJS. 

Head  wider,  more  free,  ]irimarles  pro|tortionately  longer  and  narrower.     Second- 
aries dear  pearly  wliiti'. 
Orbicular  small,  round,  connected  with  roniform  by  a  distinct  black  dash.    Clavi- 

form  faintly  (uitlined    annkxa. 

Orbicular   larger,   outwardly  exteu.'ed;    no   black   connecting  dash;  claviform 
very  large,  distinct  black    MALKFIDA. 


Feltia  circuiudata  (irt. 

188:i.  CJrt.  Ann.  Mug.,  N.  II.  (I.tuid.),  IHHI!,  .^:t,  Afiiolix. 
IHKi.  (irt..  Trans.  Kans.  \v.  Hr<    /m,  ,^>1    Aijrotia. 

Thora.K  and  i»riiiiaries  .smoky  bliicUish  brown.  Primaries  with  termi- 
ral  s|>ace  evenly  yellowish  or  leather  brown,  Joining  a  broad  band  of 
similar  color  along  inner  margin.  Ordinary  spots  distinct  discolorous 
leather  brown.  Transverse  li:ies  indistinct  geminate.  T.  a.  line  very 
strongly  angidate.  T.  p.  line  lunulate,  its  c«)urse  sinuate.  Secoiularies 
fuscous  with  reddish  or  violet  fringes.  IJeneath,  powdered  with  red- 
dish ;  a  common  e.xtra  tliscal  line,  and  distiniit  di.scal  dot  on  each  wing. 
Abdomen  brownisli  fuscous,  autenme  yellow. 

Kxpamls  .'{l-.'M""";  1.25-1.35  inches. 

IlAiJiTAT. — New  Mexico. 

This  species  is  so  distinct  that  a  lengthy  description  is  unnecessiiry. 
The  introduction  and  synoptic  table  give  the  ditterences  froui  other 
species. 


FM. 


REVISION    or    SI'KCIKS    OF    THE    OENUS    AGKOTLS. 


117 


le  strongly 
•'is  tlie  s.  t. 


•loroiiH,  rcd- 

IIUCU.MDATA. 

vi'd  ]iy  i>iil('r 

.(iLADIAltlA. 

I    uiiil  vviiiti 

KNRHAItlUM. 


irrow. 


Sec- 


tiiuvis. 


.  Cliivilbria 

UVKUKNSIS. 

J  of  J  iiioro 

IN'KIPKNNIS. 
\vh«Ml  JIH'H- 
VOLL'HIMS. 

1".       SfCOIKl- 

wli.    Clavi- 

..  ANNKXA. 

cliiviforni 

MALKFIDA. 


itii  terini- 
Inuid  of 

S(!0l0l'0U8 

lino  voiy 
ondai'ics 
vitli  red- 
cli  wirii;:. 


1^0088  iiry. 
)ni  other 


Felcia  gladiaria  Morr. 

1874.  Morr.,  Pr.  Host.  Soc.  N.  H.  xvii,  KVi,  Agrolis. 
lH7r>.  Morr.,  Prop.  Ac.  Nat.  Sci.  IMiil.,  1-^7.''.,  r.'.»,  .tgrotis. 
I8S0.  (iroto,  Hull.  Oeol.  ."^iirv.  vi,  Kl;},  .li/roiia. 

morrinoniana  IJilcy. 
1871.  Ifiloy,  I'r.  Bout.  Soc.  N.  H.  xvri,'2-'r),  .Igrotis. 
Irt7l.  Morr.,  Pr.  Host.  Soc.  N.  H.  xvii,'J14,  Agroliit. 

Srnoky  l)lii(;kisli  fuscons,  often  paler;  vein.s  pale,  most  evi«lently  so 
below  the  middle ;  transverse  lines  iiulistinet ;  t.  a.  line  j>eminate,  Innate ; 
t.  p.  line  even,  Innnlate;  s.  t.  line  even,  pale,  preceded  l>y  very  distinct 
black  sajjittate  dashes.  Claviform  elongate,  pale  ringed;  reniform 
very  large,  nsnally  not  entirely  closed  below,  bnt  entered  by  the  pale 
dash  along  median  vein  Occasionally  the  spots  are  connected.  IJe- 
neath  evenly  gray,  distiiuit  discal  Innnles  on  eacu  wing.  Secondaries 
above  <lirty  fnscons  or  smoky. 

Expands  30-32""" ;  1.15-1.L»5  inches. 

IJaiutat. — East  of  Rocky  Monntiuns. 

A  common  and  widely  distribnted  species,  often  fonnd  in  Sejitem- 
ber  on  golden  rod  during  the  day.  The  inward  inferior  tooth  of  the 
I'eniforni  recalls  (7/v»r/,v,  while  the  very  distinct  niedian  pale  dash  gives 
an  idea  of  suh(/otliiv(ii\\u\  allies. 

Examination  and  comparison  of  the  types  jtroves  the  identity  of 
mort'isonidtut  with  this  species.  There  is  al».s(>lntely  no  perceptible  dif 
ference  between  them. 

Feltia  venerabilis  Wlk. 

iHiVi.   Wlk.,  C.  It.  Mum.,  Lop.  Hct.  x,  :Wrt,  .tijrolis. 

iiivallido   Wlk. 
IK")(;.  Wlk.,  C.  n.  Mils.,  Lcp.  Hot.  x,  :?:tO,  Aiirotis. 
l."^ii'.(.  Grt.  (111(1  Ivolt.,  'rraiis.  ,\iii.  I']iit.  Soc.  ii,  7H,  pr.  Hyn. 
1889.  Hiitlor,  Trans.  Eiit.  Soc.  Loud.  :!77,  jir,  hvm. 

Primaries  fnscons  brown,  often  densely  siiriidded  with  grayscales; 
costal  region  bhurkish,  a  very  narrow  bhuikish  teriniiiiil  space,  liinited 
by  the  very  irregular  and  strongly  denltites.  t.  line.  Otlier  transver.so 
lines  ob.soleti^ ;  cliiviform  outlined  ;  reniforin  (inely  (UJtliiied,  lillcd  with 
the  costal  dark  shade;  orbicular  sometimes  not  tra<!eable,  when 
present  narrow,  elongate,  often  conm'(rted  with  renifonn  by  a  ntirrow 
ne(!k-like  ])ro(ress ;  veins  ntirrowly  blaijk ;  .secondaries  brownish  to 
bliickish  fnscons.  Ileneath  powdery  fnscons  uv  dark  gray.  Collar 
bhuikish.  In  ptde  specimens  the  thoracic  vestiture  is  strongly  inter- 
mixed with  white. 

Expands  .'51-37"'"';   1.35-1.50  inches. 

IlAniTAT.— Cainida,  Eastern  and  Middle  States. 

Not  uiicommon,  and  also  ii  day  tlyer.  The  obsolescencte  of  the  trans- 
verso  nnuMiIation  and  the  darker  costal  space  makes  this  an  easily 
re(!0gnized  species. 


iif» 

Ma* 


lis 


miLLKTIN    :$s,  UNITKO    STATICS    NATIONAL    MUSEUM. 


C 


» 

* 

( 


iii«ii«ii  • 


Feltia  gravis  <<it. 

1H7J.  (Jrt.  Hull'.  Hull,  ii,  ir.r>,  Aymlis. 
1875.  (Jrt.,  Ciin.  Eat.  vii,  iJ'>,  J(/r«<J». 

:ai>iil(iri:<  (irt. 
1870.  Ort.,  l$uir.  Hull.  Ill,  81,  Jgrolis. 

Color  varyiiifi"  from  ciiriicoii.s  gray  to  dark  blackish  brown.  In  the 
darker  spcciiin'ii.s  the  (;oh>r  is  even,  in  the  paler  forni-s  the  co.stal 
re<jion  is  darkci-  Transverse  lines  always  traceable,  thou*?h  not  very 
distinct;  t.  a.  line  jjeininate,  npright,  and  very  slightly  irregular;  t.  p. 
line  crennlate,  nsnally  followed  by  a  row  of  venular  <lots;  s.  t.  line 
punetiforni,  spots  yellowif.h,  preceded  by  sagittate  dashes.  Claviforni 
rea(!hing  middle  of  wing,  distinctly  ringed  and  nsnally  filled  with 
black.  Ordinary  spots  distinct,  pale  ringed;  orbicnlar  moderate  in 
size,  variable  in  form;  reniforni  large,  constricted  at  middle,  with  a 
more  or  less  evident  inward  projection  inferiorly,  which  sometimes 
takes  the  form  of  a  narrow  yellow  line,  reaching  to  orbicnlar  or  e^  en 
the  t.  a.  line.  Secondaries  smoky  to  blackish  fuscous.  Thorax  and 
head  like  primaries.  Beneath  poVvdery,  with  distinct  extra  discal  line 
and  discal  spot  on  all  wings. 

Expands  ;{l-3i ;  1. '->.">- 1. .'}.■»  inches. 

llAHiTAT. — California. 

I  have  typical  s[)ecimens  of  both  the  species,  and  have  no  doubt  of 
their  identity.  Tlie  i»ale  form  is  (jraris,  the  dark  form  vapularis.  A 
serii's  of  ten  specimens  completely  fills  the  gap  between  the  extremes 
and  shows  them  to  bo  only  variations.     In  structure  they  are  identical. 

Feltia  vaiicouverensis  (<rl. 

I87n.  f;it.,  liiilV.  Bull.  I,  i;U,  i.l.  4,  f.  \,  J;/rotin. 

Iiorliilanii  Morr. 
18T,^.  Moir.,  I'ldr.  Ac.  Nat.  Sci.  I'liil.,  H7r.,  4:iO,  .lijrolh. 

xrmichirdlii  (irt. 
1881.  (Jit.,  fan.  Ku\.,  xiii,  i:!',',  .Uji-dHs. 
18-"i.   (irt.,  111.  Ess;iy,  Tr.'.  |.l.  I,  C.  !»,  .\<ivotix. 
ISMlt.   Hutl.,  Tr.  Eul.  Sue.  Lonil..  lss<»,  :<78,  jo-.  ii)in. 

cludiitiiu  (Jrt. 
1881.  (ill.,  I'apilio  I,  7(>,  .Uirolit. 
I.ss-i.  (iif.,  111.  Essay,  iVJ,  pi.  1,  f.  10,  Aiirnlk. 

Varies  from  leather  brown  to  deep  red  brown,  often  strongly  irrorate 
with  giiiy  or  white  scales.  T.  a.  line  obsolete;  t.  j).  line  single,  crenn- 
late, of  ii  deeper  shiule  of  brown  tlnin  ground  color,  outwardly  curved 
at  inception,  then  piirallel  with  outer  niiirgin.  S.  t.  line  imlelinite,  often 
imncliform,  niiiiked  usually  by  the  somewhat  diirker  terminal  space, 
iind  a  row  of  preceding  siigittate  dashes.  A  more  or  less  defined  me- 
dian shade  cro.sses  the  wing  somewhat  beyond  the  middle.  Olaviform 
always  distinct,  reaching  nesir  (o  the  middle  of  the  wing;  nsuidly  out- 
lined and  filled  with  bhick,  but  often  only  of  a  deeper  sliiide  of  the 
ground  color.     Ordinary  spots  distinct,  of  ground  color,  defined  by  a 


whi 
spi] 
omj 
disi 
iiitl 


are 

ri 

cUil 

of 

CI'. 

ob> 

Mo 

tra 


M. 


REVISION    OF    SPECIES    OF    THE    GENUS    AGUOTIS. 


119 


I.    In  the 
lie  costal 

not  very 
liirj  t.  p. 

s.  t.  line 
'liiviforin 
1I<m1  with 
ilemte  in 
',  with  ji 
)nietiines 
r  or  even 
>i'itx  and 
i'SCiU  Jiiie 


iloiibt  of 
iris.  A 
xtrenjes 
lentieai. 


rrorate 
erenu- 
eiirved 
3,  often 
si)ace, 
ed  me- 
viforin 
l.y  out- 
of  the 
I  by  a 


whitish  (never  yellow)  iumiiliitioii  and  by  the  darker,  usnally  blaek 
spaee  filliiiji'  the  cell  between.  Median  vein  often  with  pale  line.  Sec- 
ondaries fnseons.  lieneath  i)owdery,  with  indclinite  connnon  line,  and 
distinct  diseal  Innnle.  The  thoracic  vestitnre  is  usually  considerably 
intermixed  with  whitish  haii'. 

Exi)ands  a.~)-4<)"""  ;  1.4()-1.<;()  inches. 

Haiutat. — Vancouver,  California,  Colorado,  Washington,  TJtah. 

A  decidedly  variable  species,  the  pale  more  unicolored  forms  of  which 
are  usually  marked  aciieipeiiii!s  in  collections. 

Tim  ty]ni  of  vanco}(verensis  is  Iar>>e  and  fully  marked ;  that  of  .S6'»i^ 
clarnla  smaller,  and  with  the  transverse  markinjrs  obsolete.  A  series 
of  eiji'hteen  s|)e('iinens  proves  the  undoubted  identity  of  the  fornts. 
Clodiamx  also  is  but  a  form  of  thisspocies  with  themaculations(»mewhat 
obscured.  The  fifjure  in  the  illustrated  essay  is  very  i)oor.  Horfulana 
Morr.,  is  one  of  the  forms  allied  to  ((eiwipcnnis.  To  <,'ive.  a  better  illus- 
tration of  the  forms,  the  orij^'inal  devScrii>tion  of  eaith  is  reproduced." 

Agroiia  vancouverensis  CI  rote. 

"  3  Lijiiit  brown  with  pale  shadiuii's.  A  very  broad  distinct  basal 
dash,  wideninj;' outwardly,  extends  into  tln^  mediati  space,  apparently 
concealinjj;  the  claviform.  T.  a.  line  stronj;I.v  dentate  interiorly.  Dis- 
eal spots  set  in  the  black  tillinji'  of  th<'  (!ell.  Transverse  jjosterior  line 
unusually  shar])ly  denticulate;  the  pale  sul)lei'minal  line  preceded  by 
large  cuneiforu)  brown  marks.  An  interrupted  black  terminal  line  on 
the  margin;  fringes  light  brown.  Mind  wing  fuscous  without  mark- 
ings, save  from  the  relh'ction  of  the  bhurk  and  <listinct  dist^al  litnre  of 
the  under  surface;  fringes  as  on  i)rimaries.  Ueneath  fuscous  without 
nnirkings  except  the  diseal  spots,  which  aie  unusually  i>road  on  the 
secondaries.     Thorax  above  brown  with  darker  lines  on  the  collar." 

"  Expanse  4(»""". 

"  IJAiUi'AT. — Vancouver's  Island. 

"A  rather  large,  broad-  ■  inged  specu's,  allied  to  .1.  obcliscoith's  and 
A.  r>cnc)'altilis,  dill  ri*  g  b,\  .he  dentate  and  distinct  transverse  posterior 
line." 


(( 


iXpaii 


sc 


rt 


Aarotis  liiirfi(l<(n((  Morr, 
Lengtli  of  body  If) '. 


"Eves  mdced.  Antenna'  '>f  the  male  serrate,  with  the  serrations 
pubescent.  Front  and  vertex  yellow  brown,  ("ollarwilli  a  biownctMi- 
tral  line.  Tlunax  yellowish  giay,  with  a  dorsal  divided  tult.  Abdo- 
men rouiuled,  untufted  ;  the  lateral  tufts  brownish. 

"Anterior  wings  uniform,  faded  yellow  gray,  with  the  ordinary  mark- 
ings nearly  obsolete;  veins  <larker  than  tiu'  ground  ;  traces  of  the  ordi- 
nary spots;  the  subterminal  line  is  faintly  seen,  preceded  Ity  a  series  of 
faded  cuneiform  marks.  Posterior  wings  white.  Wings  beneath  uni- 
form whitish  gray." 

"IlAiUTAT. — 8an  I'^rancisco,  Califtunia. 


IIR 


:mxi 


III' 
im' 


MSI'*'« 

I'""* 
li«.« 

,U'. 


11,1    ■ 

.Mii::i. 


120 


nULLETlN 


;W,   IJNITKI)    STATES    NATIONAL    MUSEUM. 


C' 


"Tliis  s|)('(!ies  seems  lo  bo  distinct  from  the  numerous  Csiliforuiaii 
species  piiblislie*!  by  Mr.  (Irote,  many  of  which  are  unknown  to  me." 

I  have  seen  this  species  —I  think  in  the  Cambriiljje  collection — ami 
it  is  as  I  stated  on  a  previous  page  one  of  the  obscurely  marked  foni.s 
of  vancouverenKis. 

Agrotis  acmidarata  Grt. 

"  <J  9  Allied  to  ffrarin  and  vaucmivereiiniit,  smaller  that  the  latter 
and  without  the  pale  cast  of  ,ymr/.s'.  A  thick,  dark  brown  basal  dash 
extending  into  the  claviforin,  and  faintly  cut  by  the  t.  a.  line.  Rich 
brown,  with  the  costal  region  (especially  in  the  S  )  suffused  with 
darker.  Si)ots  concolorous;  cell  shaded  with  black.  S.  t.  line  pale, 
without  the  small  teeth  at  the  middle  and  below  apices  of  its  allies. 
Head  and  collar  rich  yellow  brown ;  teguhe  shaded  with  pale,  but  not 
so  pale  as  in  _(/>vi»'/,s'.  llcneath  the  costal  half  of  secondaries  is  fuscous, 
leaving  the  lower  portion  of  the  wing,  including  the  border,  pale;  a  spot 
and  common  line.  Above  the  hind  wings  are  fuscous  and  rather  dark 
in  both  sexes.  This  species  may  be  known  by  tne  hind  wings  beneath 
being  half  pale,  including  the  lower  portion  of  the  border,  which  is 
usually  darker.  The  three  species,  (fravis,  vaucoKVcrenxis,  and  semi- 
chtrata  are  neaily  allied ;  their  eastern  allies  seem  to  be  votubiUs, 
renrrahilis,  and  .stifjmosay 

The  figure  in  the  Illustrated  Essay  is  very  characteristic  and  recog- 
nizable, and  renders  determination  easy.  Butler  says  it  is  the  9  of 
vancouvcremis,  but  1  have  seen  both  sexe   of  the  form. 


Agrotis  chdiana  Grt. 

"  <?  All  the  tibia'  spinose;  fore  tibia'  with  longer  terminal  spines. 
Eyes  naked.  Antenna^  brush  like.  Allied  to  gravis,  but  without  the 
distim^t  stigmata.  Fore  wings  of  a  curious  purplish  biown,  with  a 
shading  of  yellowish.  Orbicular  small,  concolorous,  round,  with  a  paler 
yellowish  aiinulus;  reniform  concolorous,  transverse,  moderate,  ringed 
like  the  orbicular.  Claviform  indicated,  small  niedian  shade,  blackish, 
diffuse.  Lines  illegible;  fringes  with  a  narrow,  pale  yellowish  line  at 
base.  Ilind  wings  pale,  soiled  with  fustious  along  the  margins.  Flead 
and  collar  russet  brown,  collar  with  a.  i);vle  line  above  a  deeper  shade; 
thorax  mixed  pale  and  brown.  Beneath  fore  wings  dark;  hind  wings 
pale,  with  discal  marks  and  faint  common  line." 

"Expanse,  .JS""".     Washington  Territory. 

"A  female  si»ecimen,  also  collected  by  Mr.  Morrison,  i)robably  be- 
longs here.  The  fore  wings  are  entirely  obscure  yellowish  brown,  with 
the  markings  lost." 

The  figure  of  this  species  in  the  Illustrated  Essay  is  poor,  but  yet 
recognizable  and  renders  identiffcation  certain. 


:uM, 

Ciiliforuiari 
n  to  me." 
ectioii — aiul 
arked  foni.s 


:  the  latter 
basal  dash 
line.    Rich 
ifiised   with 
'•  line  pale, 
>f  its  allies, 
lie,  but  not 
is  fuscous. 
)ale ;  a  s;>ot 
ather  dark 
Rs  beneath 
r,  which  is 
and   semi- 
i   voluhih's, 

a?ul  recog- 
^  the  9  of 


REVISION   OP   SPECIKS    OF    THE    GENUS    AOROTIS. 


121 


al  spines, 
thout  the 
n,  with  a 
th  a  paler 
te,  ringed 
blackish, 
«h  line  at 
s.  Head 
L'r  shade; 
ud  wings 


)ably  be- 
wn,  with 

but  yet 


Feltia  aeneipeimis  (irf. 

187G.  Grt.,  Hurt".  Uiill.  in,  81,  AijrotiH. 

Leather  brow!i,  with  all  maculation  subol)soU'te;  but  sp  far  as  trace- 
able it  is  the  same  as  in  variconvcrcnsis.  The  clavitbrm,  however,  is 
barely  traceable,  and  never  forms  a  i>roniiuent  feature  in  the  specimen. 
The  thoracic  vestiture  is  somewhat  less  even  and  looser,  but  else  I  can 
lind  no  distinctive  feature,  except  the  form  of  antennae  to  separate  this 
species.  The  joints  of  the  S  antenna,  as  compared  with  that  of  semi- 
Harata,  are  broader,  shorter,  serrate  on  botii  sides,  the  serrations 
longer.    The  i  genitalia  are  exactly  as  in  semiclarata. 

Expands  37""" ;  1.50  inches. 

Habitat. — California;  Washington. 

The  great  nuijority  of  specimens  of  aotcipeuuifi  that  are  found  in  col 
lections  are  really  pale  forms  of  vnncourcrensis,  and  Mr.  Grote  himself 
never  was  quite  sure  of  the  limits  of  this  species  or  of  the  forms  he  called 
vancouverensiH  and  nemiclarata  ;  nor  indeed  could  he  be  so  without  closer 
comparison  between  them  than  could  be  made  between  single  speci- 
mens, superficially  examined. 

The  National  Museum  collection  contains  a  long  series  of  specimens 
which  I  refer  to  this  species.  Many  of  them  are  bred,  as  are  also  niiiny 
specimens  of  vnncoiirereusift.  When  the  larvie  of  these  species  are  de- 
s(!ribed  and  the  bred  series  closely  studieti,  other  characters  may  bo 
f<mnd  rendering  separation  more  easy. 

Feltia  volubilis  Ilarv. 

1874.  Harv.,  Biifl".  Bull.,  il,  118,  JyrotiH. 

gtigmona  Mnrr.  \\\.  2,  f.  8. 
1871.  Morr.,  Pnic.  Uont.  Soe.  N.  II.  xvii,  l(i  1,  .iijrofis. 

Varies  in  ground  color  from  light  red<lish  gray  to  dark  blackish 
brown,  costal  region  talways  darker,  varying  from  reddish  to  blaek 
brown ;  the  •,  a.  line  is  usuiilly  distinct,  single,  begiuii'ing  on  costa  un- 
usually distant  from  base,  slightly  irregular,  and  iniranUy  oblicpie  to 
internal  (submedian)  vein,  then  with  a  wide  outward  curve  to  inner 
margin:  the  line  is  most  obvious  in  dark  si»eciimMis.  T. p.  line  often  ob- 
solete more  obvious  in  pale  specimens,  crenulate,  and  with  a  single 
even  outward  curve.  S.  t.  line  ob.solett?  or  very  narrow,  pale,  very 
close  to  the  outer  margin,  and  very  strongly  and  irregnliirly  dentate, 
some  of  the  teeth  touching  the  outer  margin;  daviform  always  dis- 
tiiu',t,  outlined,  but  rarely  lilled  with  black;  ordinary  s[)ots  narrowly 
outlined  with  black;  orbicular  usually  more  or  less  distinctly  ovate;  a 
narrow  black  dash  between  the  spots  and  an  outward  sagittate  black 
dash  from  middle  of  outer  side  of  reniform,  sometimes  meeting  a  sagit- 
tate dash  from  one  of  the  long  dentations  of  the  s.  t.  line.  8e(!ondaries 
pale  to  dark  fuscous;  beneath,  powdery  with  a  more  or  less  evident 
common  line  and  discal  lunule.  Head  and  thorax  of  the  color  of  palest 
part  of  primaries. 


I 


|l:( 


!«'  ] 


11,1  MM 


122  nULLKTIN    38,  IINITKD    STATES    NATIONAL   MUSEUM. 

PJxi)an(lH  .'h """ ;  l.ri  inctlies. 
Habitat.— United  States  and  Canada. 

Also  H  variable  species;  the  pale  forms  arc  roluhUin,  the  dark  spcci- 
niens  Htujmosa.  The  western  specimens  are  as  a  rule  narrower  winjjed 
than  the  eastern  fonus,  and  I  have  seen  some  marke<l  semiclarata. 
The  stron^fly  dentate  s.  t.  line  is,  however,  cliaracteristic  of  this  species 
and  renders  it  easily  ro'^o^iiizable. 


Feltia  aunexa  TroilHclikc. 

l^^r).  Tr  ,  Schmctt.  Eur.  v.  l.'.l,  A<irotis. 

l-'-^ll.  Sti'iili.,  III.  Hr.  Eiit.  lliiii.st.  n,  117,  pi.  'JJ,  f.  ?,  Agroth. 

\mi.  Gu.,  Sp.  IJi'ii.  N«(!t.  I,  'i(i8,  AgrotiH. 

lH.St>.  Froiieli,  Can.  Ent.  Xiv,  207,  lile  lli^s(^ll•y. 

IHH'J.  IJuth-r,  Trans.  Ent.  Soc.  Lontl.,  lH<lt,  37-^,  Agrotis. 

(Ironnd  color  clay  yellow;  a  i>atcli  aloiis  <!<>sta  l»eyoiid  middle  and 
lower  half  of  basal  space  darker;  veins  marked  with  blackish ;  trans- 
verse lines  ob.soletely  indicated,  and  so  far  as  traceable  very  irregular. 
S.  t.  line  moderately  well  marked  pale,  close  to  margin  niarke<l  with 
a  few  sagittate  dashes;  ordinary  s])()ts  small,  distant,  connected  by  a 
neat  black  dash.  Claviform  taintly  outlined  but  always  traceable. 
Secondaries  clear  snowy  white,  a  few  blackish  scales  along  anterior 
nnirgin.    l>eneatli  prinjaries  powdery,  secondaries  rndescent. 

Expands  ;i7-4t""";  IM-lMi  inches. 

IlAniTAT. — New  York,  south  and  west  to  California,  Texas,  Cuba. 

Not  an  uncommon  species,  and  with  nialejuht  easily  distinct  from  all 
the  preceding  by  the  white  secondaries,  t'le  general  habitus  and  the 
form  of  the  S  genitalia.  From  vialejida  it  is  distinguished  by  tlie  small 
ordinary  spots  connected  by  a  neat  black  dash.  I  have  taken  this 
species  on  Long  Islaiul,but  do  not  know  of  its  occurrence  farther  north. 
It  is  not  included  in  the  lists  in  Lintner's  Entomological  Contributions; 
it  extends  west,  however,  to  the  Pacitic  coast  and  south  to  Cuba  and 
into  South  America.  The  larval  history  has  bt.en  elsewhere  referred  to 
in  economic  publications,  but  these  I  have  not  cited. 

Mr.  liutler  cites  A.  anteposita  Gn.,  and  A.  dcccrncnii  Wlk.,  as  syn- 
onyms to  this  species. 

Fcltia  malefida  Gii. 

1K^•2.  On.,  Sp.  Gon.  Noet.  I,  'Xu,  Agrolis. 

ls^.'.(!.  Wlk.,  C.  I?.  MnH.  Lt'p.  Hot.  x,  :'.J8,  AgroliH. 

ls7."i.  Ilarv.,  I$nfl'.  Hnll.  in,  r>,  Agrotin. 

Pale  clay  yellow,  with  a  strong  admixture  of  pale  gray  scales;  costal 
region  and  terminal  si)acc  darker;  veins  marked  with  black  scales. 
Transverse  lines  irregular  and  indetinite.  T.  a.  line  geminate,  with  a 
strong  inward  angulation  on  submedian  vein  ;  t.  \>.  line  crenulate, 
with  a  single  even  outward  curve,  situated  unusually  near  the  outer 
margin;  s.  t.  line  narrow,  feebly  marked,  strongly  dentate,  so  near  the 
outer  margin  that  some  of  the  teeth  touch  it,  thus  interrupting  the 


IM. 


REVISION    OF    SPECIES    OF    THE    GENUS    AOROTIS.  123 


lark  8peci- 
ver  wiiif;e«l 
emiclaratn. 
his  species 


iiiddle  and 
sli ;  traiis- 

irrejjiilar. 
liked  widi 
icted  by  a 

traceable. 
'i  uuterior 


I,  Cub.a. 
t  from  all 
and  the 
the  small 
iken  this 
ler  north, 
ibutions; 
Cuba  and 
'ferred  to 

,  as  syn- 


;  costal 
IV  scales, 
e,  with  a 
renulate, 
he  outer 
near  the 
)(ing  the 


narrow  terminal  space.  (JIavit'orm  distinct  beyond  the  t.  a.  line,  large, 
(lark.  ()rl>icular  eloufjate,  bottle  shaped,  outlined  and  (tentered  with 
blackish.  Ityniform  laij,^',  outlined  with  black  and  almost  tilled  with 
smoky  brown.  Secondaries  dean  white,  marjiins  and  veins  sonietimea 
more  or  less  evidently  dusky;  beneath  as  in  anne.va.  Thorax  coiuiolor- 
oils  with  primaries,  pata;;ia! strongly  irrorate  with  gray;  collar  blackish, 
with  a  distin(;t  black  line. 

Expands  10-11""";  LCJO-l.To  in<!hes. 

IlAniTAT.— New  Jersey,  south  to  Cuba,  west  to  California. 

Not  nncoinmon  in  its  localities  and  easily  distinguished  from  its  allies 

are  already  pointed  out.     The  species  is  not  uncommon  in  the  District 

of  Columbia,  and  1  have  it  from  New  Jersey,  but  I  believe  not  farther 

north.     Its  range  south  and  west  is  parallel  with  that  of  an uexa.     The 

early  stages  have  been  described  by  Dr.  Kiley  in  some  Agricultural  Re- 

]>ort. 

Genus  POROSAGROTIS  Sinitli. 

All  the  tibia  si)inose,  armature  of  anterior  i)air  very  heavy.  Front 
somewhat  bulging,  tnberculate,  and  jutted.  Antenna  of  i  serrate  and 
bristle<l  or  pectinate,  the  branches  ciliate;  pectinations  moderate  in 
length.  Primaries  somewhat  variable  in  shape;  most  obtuse  in  rilry- 
mia,  the  ai)ices  most  produced  in  ilollii.  Thorax  stout,  hairy,  the  tutt- 
ings  indetinite-;  in  the  S  the  abdomen  is  furnished  with  loose,  long 
hair,  forming  indistinct  tuftings.  The  i  genitalia  are  alike  in  all  the 
species,  and  this  chaiacter  is  the  distinguishing  (eatureof  the  group, 
which  else  is  closely  allie<l  to  pitychrous  and  the  forms  in  which  the 
lengthily  bifurcate  type  of  claH[)er  is  so  constant.  In  this  genus  the 
liarpes  are  broad  and  moderately  long;  the  outer  nnirgin  is  very  ob- 
licpie,  the  upper  angle  long  drawn  out.  The  <'Jasper  consists  of  a  simple, 
siiort,  curved,  (iorneous  hook.  This  pe(!uliarity  is  the  one  character 
which  distinguishes  this  g(Mius,  and  the  absolute  identity  in  this  respect 
of  the  species  is  reiinirkable  indeed. 

Twt)  well-marked  subgroups  are  indictated  by  the  character  of  the 
(?  antenna\  The  tirst,  of  wliicli  muracnulu  is  typical,  has  the  antennae 
serrate  and  bristled;  of  the  same  type  as  in  the  gieat  mass  of  species 
in  the  groups  with  furcate  clasper ;  the  ordinary  sjjots  are  illy  deline«l, 
scarcely  more  than  dusky  blotches;  the  transverse  nniculation  is  very 
simple,  often  obsolete,  and  the  s])ecies  are  very  unitorndy  colored. 

Kour  of  tln^  sjjccies  belong  here.  Of  these,  munuiiuhi  is  eastern,  of  a 
uniform  bright  ash  gray  color,  the  maculation  reduced  to  a  minimum, 
the  transverse  lines  almost  obsolete. 

Vatemda  is  western,  and  the  close  ally  of  the  preceding;  ditfering  in 
the  more  yellowish  cast  of  primaries,  and  the  distinct  transverse  lines. 

OhcsnI't,  also  western,  is  very  dilferent  from  both  the  preceding.  It 
is  more  ndnist,  the  primaries  more  ecpial,  the  apices  rounded.  The 
color  here  is  also  even  yellowish  gray,  but  the  line  is  more,  sordid,  aiul 
broken  by  numerous  line  but  very  irregularly  «listributed  fuscous  points. 


Id' 


t,,ltJ-JI 


KiPlCll;! 


124  BULLETIN   :{S,  UMTKD    STATES    NATIONAL    MUSEUM. 

Mimallonis  is  well  <listiii},MiisluMl  by  the  red  lnowii  color  of  priinarit's, 
wlii(!li  is  niii(|iio  in  the  genus,  uml  sugi^vsts  tj<it/afrs  oi  the  pitychroiis 
groii[>  of  (htnmules. 

The  second  subgroup  is  distinguislied  by  liiiving  tlie  i  anteniiif 
fihortly  bipectinate,  the  braiuihes  ciliate.  The  fringes  of  secondaries 
are  unusually  h)ng — this  eliaraeter  most  evident  in  tlie  S  — and  tiie 
ntaeuhition  is  much  more  completely  noetuiform  than  in  the  ]>receding 
subgroup.  The  ordinary  spots  are  well  detiiuMl  and  the  transverse 
lin<'s  are  always  evident.  Three  species  may  with  certainty  be  referred 
here. 

Of  these  fnacn  is  most  aberrant ;  its  large  si^.e,  tlu^  uniform  fuscous 
color,  and  the  simple  t.  p.  line  and  completely  defined  ordinary  spots 
serve  to  at  once  distinguish  it. 

JiHeyana  is  distinguished  by  the  uniform  color,  the  upright  t.  a.  line, 
the  unusually  short  obtuse  primaries,  and  the  very  heavy  tibial  arn)a- 
ture,  the  latter  recalling  tSchiHiUj  while  the  maculation  much  resembles 
that  of  catenula. 

Orthogonia  is  remarkable  for  the  neat  and  complete  maci.lation,  and 
this  is  the  only  species  in  which  the  daviform  is  distinct. 

Dollii  is  a  i)retty  species,  with  (tonfused  maculation,  the  color  being 
a  dark  gray  in  the  median  and  terminal  space  aiul  fusco-luteous  else- 
where. The  orbicular  is  elongate,  at  once  sei)arating  this  s|)ecie8  from 
all  the  preceding.  The  ai)ices  of  primaries  are  also  more  produced  than 
in  any  other  species  of  the  group. 

The  other  species,  jnilleri  aiul  pluralis,  which  I  have  referred  here, 
are  known  to  mo  only  in  the  9  sex,  so  that  the  reference  to  this  group 
is  based  upon  superficial  characters  'ippareutly  allying  them  to  doUii. 
1  believe  the  3  will  be  found  to  have  the  clasper  peculiar  to  the  group 
as  well  as  pectinate  antenna'  of  this  section. 

MiUcri  is  easily  distinguished  by  the  dark  gray  color,  white  ordinary 
spots,  and  two  pink  longitudinal  shades;  the  one  below  median  vein, 
the  other  beyond  reniform.  The  orbicular  is  bottle  shaped,  the  small 
end  resting  on  the  t.  a.  line. 

Pluralis  is  also  unique  in  coloration.  The  margin  of  primaries  is 
gray,  the  disc  luteous,  and  the  cell  fuscous.  The  orbicular  is  subquad- 
rate. 

8YNOI-SIS  or  sricciKS. 

Color  uniform;  ordiiiiuy  sixits  indi'linitti;    <?  iintcnii:!' soiTato. 

PiimarieH  uniform,  jtalo  asl)  {^ra.y  ;   tranxvorsc  lines  olisololo muraknui.a. 

Priniarit'8  tinfffd  witli  yellow  ;  transverse  lines  distinct catknula. 

Primaries  luteous,  sorditi ;  evenly  irrorato  with  fuscous  .atoms;  trausverso  lines 

pnnetiform  ;  form  plump,  heavy ohksi'i.a. 

Primaries  paler  Inteons,  irrc;;ularly  irrorato  witli  hlaek;  transverse  linos  liotter 

marked  and  form  slij^ht satikns. 

Primaries  even,  re<l  Itrown  ;  transverse  lines  fine MiMAf.l.ONis. 

Colorless  uniform;  ordinary  spots  normal ;  noetnidona  niacnlatiou  usually  distinct; 
J  an^^nna'  shortly  pectinated. 


JM. 

■priiiian'fs, 
pit  If  eh  roils 

S  iintuniiii' 
(t'Cotuliirij's 
— and  the 
!  jtrcccdiii;; 
rraiisversc 
be  refeni'tl 

■III  fuscous 
nary  siwts 

1 1.  a.  line, 

ibial  arnia- 

rosein  bit's 

atioii,  aii<1 

lolor  beinj,' 
teoiis  c'lsc- 
eeics  fro II I 
liiced  than 

'I't'd  licre, 
his  ftTonp 
I  to  doUii. 
the  group 

ordinary 
lian  vein, 
the  small 

iiiiarios  is 
siibquad- 


ITKAKNULA. 
CATKNULA. 
VflSO  lilU'S 
.OIIKSULA. 

IK'S  Iteltcr 

..SATIKNS. 
MAM.GNIS. 

y  distinct; 


UKVI.SION    OF    snX'lES    OF    THE   OKNl'S    AUKOTIS.  125 

Oii)i>:ular  roiiiul. 
C'dldf  t'lisi'diin;  chiviforiii  Hiiiiill ;  liiifrt  distuict ;  t.  a.  very  small,  ciirvi'd  lii'twfi'ii 

VcllllH KI'SfA. 

Color  piili-  Iiitfoiis;  iliivji'oiiii  waiitiii;^ iui.kyana. 

Color  darkt'r;  cliivitoriii  very  diHtiiictly  marked oiM  iioiioMA. 

Orbicular  tdoiij^att',  oval ;  traiisviTse  liiu-M  liiit%  irifyiilur ;  inaiiilatiKii  tciiiCuNcdly 

Ki'iiy  over  lilt  COILS imh.i.ii. 

Orluciilar  hottlr  Hliaiicd  ;  Hiihiiicdiaii  and  Hiibaidcal  Nliadt^  ])iiik Mii.LK.iii. 

Orbicular  quadralc;    I'i'iiiform   coiiNtrictfd ;    iiiar};in   ^ray ;    di.sc   liitcoiis;    color 
darker;  vi-iuh  white ri.UUAl.ls. 

Forosagrotis  muraenula  Grt.  and  Kub. 

IrtGH.  G. &.  li.,  TraiiM.  Am.  Kiit.  Soc.  i,  :t,VJ,  Ayiotin. 

IHIIit.  Hctli.,  Can.  Kilt.  1,  f^C,  Atirotin. 

1875.  llarv.,  Hull'.  Hull,  iii,  "li,  pi.  ;!,  f.  ;{,  Aijrotis. 

t  vetuHla  Wlk. 
185G.  Wlk.,  C.  B.  Mus.,  I^'p.  Met.  ix,  7-i,  Mylliiiniia. 
Ifjfi.  (jlrt..  111.  Essay,  11,  ?  pr.  syn. 

Even,  powdery  ash  graj*;  ordinary  spots  indefinite,  blaekish  ;  t.  a. 
line  indicated  by  costal  si)ot8  only  ;  t.  p.  line  panctiforin  and  very  indi.s- 
tinct;  the  points  vennlar  and  very  small ;  a  terminal  row  of  triangular 
black  spots;  secondaries  clear  white,  outwardly  somewhat  powderetl 
with  black;  beneath  white,  powdery;  primaries  somewhat  darker. 

Expands  37-40""",  l.oO-i.tiO  inches. 

Habitat. — Canada ;  United  States,  west  to  the  Mi.ssi.ssippi,  south  to' 
Georgia. 

This  species  is  not  uncommon  and  is  very  easily  distin{j;uished  by  its 
bright  color  and  almost  entire  lack  of  niaculation.  1  have  taken  in  on 
golden  rod  in  September  during  the  day. 

Mr.  Grote  in  commenting  on  Mr.  Walker's  species  says  the  type  is  a 
white  Af/rotin  very  much  rubbed  and  scarcely  recognizable.  Should  the 
suggestion  that  it  is  the  same  as  mnracnnhi  prove  well  founded,  vetusta 
must,  1  aui  afraid,  be  used  for  this  species. 

Forosagrotis  catenula  (irt. 

1879.  Grt.,  North  Am.  Ent.  i,  41,  A<jroii8. 

Pale,  yellowish  gray,  powdered  with  black  atoms;  ordinary  s[>ots  very 
indetinite,  blackish;  t.  a.  line  evident  though  not  very  distinct,  single 
with  three  outward  curves,  that  below  vein  1  widest;  t.  p.  line  nearly 
parallel  with  outer  margin,  strongly  crenulate,  tending  to  become  puncti- 
form ;  a  distinct  black  dot  preceded  by  a  clear  white  ilot  marking  each 
vein;  a  row  of  terminal  lunnles;  secondaries  white,  sometimes  with 
smoky  outer  border;  beneath  white;  primaries  blackish  on  disc. 

Expands  31-39""",  l.LTi-l.S")  inches. 

Habitat. — Colorado,  Montana,  New  Mexico. 

Closely  allied  to  muraenula,  from  which,  however,  it  differs  in  the 
yellowish  tint  to  primaries  and  the  well-marked  transverse  lines;  It  is 
undoubtedly  the  western  representative  of  that  species  and  may  possi- 


iiii* 


1 1 1 J  ""^ 

llliM'*! 

iliffiaj 
iiii**' 


Hi 


•  1.1    ■ 
lli|B.-f.| 


12G 


IJLLLKTIN    :!S,   INITKU    .STATIvS    NATIONAL    MI'8i:iIM. 


hly,  wIh'ii  tin*  iiitiTveiiin;;  teiritoiw  is  fully  exitloitMl,  prDvr  a  Viiiii'ly. 
Till'  raii^^t'  of  siz«'  in  tin-  spi'cit's  is  iiniisiial. 

JSpftMiiu'iis  of  both  mHtdfnida  aiid  calcnitia  syeii  siiicu  tlit'  jil»ove  was 
wnttt'ii  iucri'iise  lUc  probability  that  they  are  varieties  of  the  saiiic 
species. 

Porosagrotis  obcsula  Stuitli. 

1H)!)7.  Sinitli,  Pnir.  I'.  fS.  Xat.  Mim.,  x,  •l.'.r.,  .tyrolix. 

Katlier  dark  yrllowish  jjray,  irrej;iilarly  mottled  with  darker  l"iis<'oiis 
points  and  slmrt  lines;  onlinary  spots  very  indclinite  tlusky,  liiscon>; 
a  fuscous  subapical  patch  initiatiuj^  the  puncUforni  s.  t.  line.  Trans- 
verse lines  distinct,  i»uncliforni  interiu|ited.  T,  a.  line  upright,  cnrvtd 
between  veins.  I'.asal  line  distinct,  geminate.  'J',  p.  line  crennlate 
l»arallel  with  outer  margin.  S.  t.  line  punctiform,  even  luscous.  Ter- 
ndnal  space  more  densely  irrorate  with  dark  atoms.  Secondaries  white. 
Iteneath,  wiiite,  powdery,  disc  of  primaries  darker;  a  common  darker 
extra  discal  line  distiiu^t  only  near  anterior  margin  of  secondaries  but 
entirely  cntssing  luinmries. 

Expands  oiS"":  l.."»  inches. 

Habitat.— Montana. 

The  3  antenna'  are  unusually  thick,  the  body  nduist,  head  broad, 
primaries  obtuse.  As  a  whole  this  species  strikes  one  as  being  the 
most  plump  «>f  the  entire  grouii.  A  single  .specimen  o''^v  is  thus  far 
known.     IJeceived  Injm  iJev.  George  1).  llnls;. 


A..  -  'tis  satleiis  Kmitli. 

Id'JO.  .Siiiitli,  Trans.  Am.  Lnt.  fSoc,  xvii,    I'jioti^. 

General  color  luteous  gray,  palpi  brown  at  sides,  head  and  thorax 
else  immaculate.  Primaries  black  powdered,  iirorate,  the  onlinary 
nnundation  confused  and  iiKlefinite.  Basal  line  black,  intermitted, 
geminate,  always  marke(l  oii  costa  at  least.  T.  a.  line  marked  by  a 
gennnate  black  costal  dot  nwl  very  indeliuite  below  ihis,  but  as  a  whole 
outwardly  oblique.  T.  j>.  hie  geminate,  inner  line  crennlate,  not  very 
well  marked,  outer  line  a  series  of  venular  dots  variably  distinct;  as  a 
whole  its  cour.se  very  even.  Beyond  its  middle  the  s.  t.  space  begins 
to  ilark.'U  to  the  outer  margin,  the  terminal  space  being  much  darker 
than  ground  color,  almost  blackish;  through  this  dark  si)ace  the  s.  t. 
line  is  distinct  as  a  series  of  large  jiale  si>ots  not  much  juiler  than  ordi- 
nary ground  color.  A  series  of  black  terminal  spots.  A  vague  indica- 
tion of  a  basal  dash.  Claviform  moderate,  coucolorous,  black  marked 
but  not  completely  defined.  Orbicular  oval,  elongate,  (piite  variable 
in  size,  black  marked,  then  with  a  pale  annulus,  center  concoU  rous  or 
very  little  darker  than  ground  color.  Kenilbrm  large,  kidney-shaped, 
very  indefinitely  and  quite  incompletely  outlined;  coucolorous.  In 
some  j?])ecimens  the  cell  is  distinctly  black  before  orbicular  and  be- 
tween tUat  ftud  the  reniforui.    Secondaries  in  tU«  <J  pearly  wliit^,  iu 


KKVISION    OF    .SrKCIKS    OF    TllK    OKMIS    ACJliOl'IS. 


127 


I  vuiK'iy. 

liove  was 
tlu;  saint' 


r  l'iis«'oiis 
,  lusf(Mi.N; 
.  Trans- 
it, cnrvrd 
creniilati' 
ms.  Tor- 
ies wliitc. 
ni  (lai'kiT 
aiit's  but 


u\  bi'oati, 
bi'inj;  the 
s  thus  I'ar 


1  thorax 
onliu'iry 
■rnipted, 
ifti  by  a 
s  a  whole 
not  very 
net ;  as  a 
[Hi  be{,Mns 
I  (hirker 
the  s.  t. 
lan  ordi- 
e  indiea- 
inarked 
variable 
' rous  or 
-shaped, 
ous.  la 
and  be- 
^vlijte,  iu 


the  9  darker,  outwardly  smoky,  veins  dark  niarke<l,  friufjes  wliite. 
lieneatli  white,  with  blaek  powderiiifjs,  without  lines  in  the  S  ,  with  an 
ineoujidete  outer  line  and  discal  spot  to  all  winj^s  in  the  9  . 

Expaiuls  ;{t-;JS ;  l.;]8-l.r)L'  inches. 

IIAUITAT.— N(nthw'jst  Uritish  Coluujbia;  one  (J,  two  9  9. 

In  all  stru-turai  eharaeters  this  inse<!t  is  nearest  to  ohcsula  in.,  but 
his  n«)t  the  plump,  heavy  look  so  strikinjr  in  that  speeies;  the  jjround 
color  here  is  paler,  and  miu;li  more  irre^inhuly  marked  tlian  in  obcNula, 
where  the  dark  atoms  are  re;,'ularly  <listribute<l.  The  antenna'  are  as 
in  inunvnula  rather  than  ohi'NuUi,  the  latter  having  them  unusually 
heavy. 

Porosagrotis  miniallonis  (jrt. 

187:5.  CJrt.,  Hiiir.  Hull.,  i,  IH,  Aijroli^. 

1H7H.  (lit.,  Hull.  (icol.  Siiiv..  IV,  I".'),  .lijrotiH, 

riijipi  nil  in  (ill. 
1-7,").  (ift.,  Ciiii.  Knt.,  vii,  Kt,  .liirolin. 
187r».  (»rt     Can.  Knt.,  vii,  "i-^ti,  it.  Hiii. 

IJright  browin'sh  red,  terminal  space  slij^htly  darker.  Transver.se 
lines  very  indistinct,  narrow,  blackish  sinj^le.  T.  a.  line  uprij?ht,  slij^htly 
irrejjular.  T.  i».  line  ob.solete  through  the  lower  half  of  its  cour.se ;  nearly 
parallel  with  outer  maij,.'  Orl)icular  indelinite,  dusky,  sometimes  (  9  's 
iu  my  experience)  with  a  few  yellowish  scales.  I.'enilorm  usually  dusky, 
indelinite;  but  in  .some  9  specimens  I  have  .seen,  the  spot  was  consid- 
erably mixed  with  i)ale  yellowi.sh  .scales,  and  tolerably  well  <le(ined.  The 
s.  t.  line  is  obsolete,  though  its  cour.se  may  be  tracetl  l)y  the  slight  con- 
trast in  color  between  terminal  and  s.  t.  space.  Secondaries  white,  out- 
wardly <lnsky.  IJeneath  pale,  powdered  with  red;  most  densely  on  pri- 
maries. Head  and  thorax  like  primaries;  abdomen  yellowish,  powdered 
with  red. 

Expands  .^5-37'""' ;  1.4()-l.,j0  inches. 

Habitat. — Montana,  New  York. 

llather  a  peculiar  distribution  for  this  in.sect.  The  New  York  speci- 
mens 1  have  seen  had  the  transverse  lines  heavier,  all  distinct ;  the  t,  p, 
line  crenidate.  The  western  specimens  are  more  smoothly  scaled,  an<l 
the  color  is  more  even.  1  can  llnd  no  Inrther  dill'erence,  entitled  to 
specitic  value,  between  them.  Structurally  they  seem  alike,  but  1  have 
not  examined  a  New  York  S  . 

Porosagrotis  fusca  IU\. 

1834.  B(l.,  Icon.,  pi.  4S,  4,  Aijrolin. 

1864.  MiicMclil.,  Wicii.  Eiit.  Monats.,  vi,  11)7,  Ayrotis. 

(J   nvptcntriofutlix  Moescli. 
I8(5'.i,  Moesclil.,  Wicn.  Ent.  Moiiat.s.,  IV,  1:5:?  pi.  i,  3,  Aijiolin. 
1870.  Moe.schl.,  Stctt.  Ent.  Zcit.,  X.\xi,  '2(JH,  pr.  syn. 

\ellow  or  grayish  fuscous,  transverse  lines  distinct,  dark  ;  t.  a.  gemi- 
nate ;  t.  p.  single.  T.  a.  line  oblique,  very  strongly  curved  between  the 
yeius,  auU  more  especially'  so  beneath  vein  Ij  where  tl|e  outer  j)oiut  of 


ii»" 


III' 


|l|fM«J 


iij'^~« 
111""* 

tr. 


128 


HULLKTIN    :{S,   UNITKIJ    STATES    NATIONAL    MUSEUM. 


^ 

m^ 

^ 

■■^1 

^ 

-n 

t 

w»i, 

r 

■^i 

m 

J 

€ 

' 

f 

> 

f 
« 


tlio  curvti  nearly  touches  tlu.  t.  p.  line.  T.  p.  line  much  as  usual ;  out- 
wardly curved  over  the  cell  and  slightly  sinuate  or  entirely  straight 
below.  S.  t.  line  sinuate,  marked  by  a  series  of  preceding  sagittate 
dashes.  Clavilbrni  sl>i)rt,  narrow,  dusky ;  orbictilar  usually  small,  round, 
neatlyoutlined  with  black,  concolorous ;  renitbrm  lunate,du8ky,outlined 
in  black.  Secondaries  f'iscous.  IJeneath  fuscous,  with  iudetinite  line 
and  iliscal  dot.     Head  ami  thorax  concolorous ;  vestiture  hairy. 

i"LK|)ands  'M-  ;(»""" ;  1.5-l.U  inches. 

1 1 A IJITAT.— Labra«lor. 

An  aberrant  species  to  refer  to  this  group,  but  which  will  lit  in  nowhere 
else.  It.  is  perhaps  entitled  to  a  subgroup,  including  it  alone.  With  its 
structural  peculiarities  the  color  is  unique.  The  $  clasper  is  practically 
like  this  group,  but  somewhat  shorter  and  rather  more  robast.  The 
whole  .ippeaiance  is  more  heavy  or  robust  than  any  other  species,  and 
the  primaries  are  wider.  The  9  differs  in  the  greater  proximity  of  the 
tranverse  lines  and  in  having  the  orbicular  larger. 

Forosagiotis  woitliiiigtoni  (>rt. 

IHHO.  (irt.,  Norlli  Am.  Knt.,  i,  ;tt,  AiiriHin. 

"  Male  antenna'  bipectinate  ;  eyes  naked,  all  the  tibia'  spinose.  Size 
UKulerate, ornamentation  simple,  color  pale  mouse  ijray.  Thorax  shaded 
with  brownish.  Anterior  line  faint,  single,  marked  with  black  dots  on 
the  veins.  Clavifoi-m  abseiit,  orbicular  a  small  black  ringlet  or  dot, 
reniform  upright,  narrow,  moderate,  pale  yellowish  with  interior  black 
line,  situated  near  posterior  line.  The  latter  single,  blackish,  nearly 
perpenilicu'ar,  distinctly  marked  by  black  <lots  followed  by  pale  points 
on  the  veins.  Subterminal  line  inconspicuous.  A  terminal  broken 
black  line.  Ilin<l  wings  pale,  pawdered  with  fuscous,  with  a  terminal 
broken  black  line,  else  above  and  below  without  the  usual  spots  and 
lines.  7'ore  wings  beneath  unlined,  dark  gray,  concolorous,  contrast- 
ing witii  the  ivhitish  secondaries  which  are  also  concolorous,  merely 
showing  a  slight  <lark  shading  on  the  veins  in  place  of  the  usual  line 
and  a  minute  dot  on  the  discal  cross  vein." 

1  i  fiom  northern  Indiana. 

Expands  'M\ 

Appari'iitly  a  good  species  allied  to  fnsva,  but  niu«!h  smaller.  Noth- 
ing in  the  material  before  me  at  all  answers  this  description. 


Poiosagrotis  lileyana  Morr. 

1874.  Morr.  I'r.  Ilo.st.  Soc.  N.  II.,  xvii,  KJli,  .iiirolia. 

IH7."..  Morr.,  Prof.  Ac.  N.  Nal.  Sc.-i.,  I'hil.,   IH-r),  .".«,  A;ifoliH. 

])ull  yellowish  gray  ;  ordinary  spots  blackish,  not  clearly  defined  but 
w  ith  an  indelinite  biiiV  annulus.  The  reniform  is  especially  large,  kid- 
ney-shaped. Transverse  lines  single,  very  'listinct;  t.  a.  line  upright, 
crossing  orbi(!ular.  T.  p.  line  hardly  cn'nulate  distinct,  parallel  with 
outer  margin.    S.  t.  line  very  faintly  traceable,  irregular.    Teruiinal 


iiial ;  out- 
y  straight 
sagittate 
ill,  round, 
',  outlined 
finite  line 


1  nowhere 
With  its 
ractically 
;ist.  The 
eeies,  and 
lity  of  the 


REVISION    OF    .Sl'ECIKS    OF    THE    GENUS    A(iKOTIS. 


120 


ose.    Size 

IX  shaded 

ik  dots  on 

it  or  dot, 

rior  black 

li,  nearly 

iile  )>oints 

1  broken 

terminal 

tots  and 

contrast- 

s,  merely 

isual  line 


r.    Noth- 


fined  but 
irge,  kid- 
upright, 
llel  with 
IVrniinal 


space  slightly  clouded  with  dusky.  Secomlaries  white.  Beneath  all 
wings  with  discal  luiiuU',  primaries  dusky.  T.  p.  line  faintly  repro- 
duced.    Secondaries  wiiite. 

Ivxpands  .{l-IU""";  l.'jr)-l.;i5  inches. 

JilAiU'i'A  1'. — Illinois,  Missouri,  Kansas,  New  Mexico. 

A  peculiar  species  in  many  respects;  the  ^  antenna'  are  pectinate 
rather  tlian  serrate,  the  pectinations  ciliate.  The  primaties  are  ratiu-r 
shorter  more  obtuse  tlian  usual,  the  fringes  of  scitondaries  longer;  the 
front  is  less  ro>ighencd  than  in  the  other  species  of  the  groiip,  and  the 
anterior  tibi.e  are  uiuisually  heavily  arnu'd  at  ti|>.  As  a  whole  the 
Ilcliothiil  type  is  very  strongly  markt-d  in  this  species  and  it  is  not 
at  all  improbable  that  with  sullicient  material  at  hand  its  nearest  allies 
will  be  found  to  be  Anfhoeuf  )iohUis  and  pndiartUi.  The  fore  tibia'  are 
short  and  broad  and  have  two  heavy  claws  at  iniu'r  side  of  tip  an»l  a 
series  of  live  or  six  heavy  daw-like  spines  outwardly.  The  sjiecies  is 
left  here  rather  for  present  convenience  than  from  any  conviction  that 
it  belongs  where  [daced. 

Porosagrotis  orthogoiiia  Morr. 

187(!.  MoiT.,   I'roc.   !{i)8t.  Sue.  N.    II.,   xviii,  •,':!'.»,     lyroliii. 

Luteous  gray;  basal  and  s.  t.  spaces  jtah-r;  all  the  lines  and  spots  v/ell 
marked.  Itasal  line  evident,  marked  with  whiteoutwardly  ;  t.  a.  line  in- 
wardly beiil  on  costa,  straight  ti)vein  1,  then  r.utwardly  curved  to  hind 
margin  ;  the  liiu'  marked  inwardly  with  white.  T.  p.  line  even  or  but 
slightly  lunate  between  veins  outwanlly  marked  with  wliite;  outwardly 
(Mirved  over  cell,  and  inwardly  sinuate  to  hind  maigiii.  S.  t.  line  dis- 
tinct whiti,  irregular,  piominently  dentate  on  veins  ."}  and  4.  All  the 
veins  moic  or  less  evidently  maruetl  with  white.  Claviform  distinct, 
coiU!olorous  outlined  in  black,  reaching  to  middle  of  median  space. 
Orbicular  large,  roui  >i,  paler,  'entc'.d  with  (i;M'ker  siiales.  Iienil''>ini 
large  uprigiit  centered  witli  rather  bli'ish  orsnxtky  bla<*k  scales.  Head 
an<l  thorax  mixed  yellow  gray.  Secondaries  bluckisli,  paler  at  base. 
Jieiuv.ith  whitish  powdered  with  l)lack ;  primaries  dusky  on  disc. 

lixpands  ;;i-;{(i ;    l.L'.'i-l.-lo  inches. 

llAiHTAT.  -  (Colorado,  New  Mexico,  Nebraska,  Arizona,  Utah. 

Like  the  jireceding  this  spe(Mes  has  pectinate  and  ciliati^  S  antenme, 

he  pe«!tinations  shorter  than  in  riUijinio  ;  tiie  tibial  armature  is  heavy, 

and   the  fringes  though  shorter  than   in  rilciiaiia  or  fven  ^lollii  are 

longer  than  usual  in  the  ^enus.    The  9  fringes  are  not  so  long  as  those 

of  the  S  . 

Porosagrotis  doUii  Grt. 

1H8'2,  Ort.,  Can.  Ent.,  xiv,  aiti  .(r/r..f(«. 
(Iray,  washed  with  luteous  or  ochenMis  the  yellow  tints  most  evi- 
dent in  basal  ami  s.  t.  space.     Transverse  liiu's  very  faint;  ehielly  dis- 
^iuct  by  the  contra.st  between  the  slijjhlly  daiker,  Icsis  yellow  inediuu 


1,11 


1 1.  V»t 


i, !''••« 

I  ,a  >  -'■■■* 


1 ::  !i.i 


130 


IJULLETIN 


;J8,   UMIKD    STATES    NATIONAL    MlJ.SEl'M. 


ft.--*  M 

t   '" 


space,  aiul  the  luteous  basal  atul  s.  t.  space.  Terminal  space  like 
iiiediaii  space.  T.  a.  line  very  irregularly  anj^nlate,  a  lony  tooth  on 
vein  L*,  constricting  median  space.  T.  i>.  line  irregularly  dentate,  \\< 
course  sinuate.  S.  t.  lino  traced  by  a  series  of  bulf  cuneilbrni  sjmts, 
and  the  sliglitly  contrasting  terminal  space.  Ordinary  spots  indefinite  ; 
orbicular  elongate,  marked  with  white  scales,  centered  with  gray  ;  reni 
form  upright,  hardly  lunate,  and  somewhat  constricted,  inferiorly 
marked  with  white.  Thorax  and.  head  like  primaries.  Secondaries 
white.  Beneath  powdery;  secondaries  white,  primari(!s  somewhat 
dusky. 

Expands  37""";  1.5  inches. 

IlAjJiTAT. — Arizona. 

This  very  pretty  species  is  readily  recognized  by  its  irregularly  mot- 
tled appearance,  which  it  is  very  dillicult  to  describe.  Htruiitiirally  it 
is  as  Mr.  Grote  suggests  very  close  to-  rileyana;  t\n'.  S  ant- imls  -wo. 
pectinate  and  ciliate,  the  fringes  are  unusually  long,  and  tlif  i'»r.;  tsl-i;/ 
are  very  heavily  armed,  though  not  so  formidably  as  in  the  allieu  .■.iM><  ies. 

Forosagrotis  miller!  Gil. 
187').  Grt.,  null'.  Bull.,  iii,  7S,  pi.  4,  f.  4,  Jyrolis. 

Gray:  from  the  base  outwardly  over  theclaviform,  across  the  median 
space  runs  a  pmk  shade;  beyond  the  reniform  is  a  similar  shading.  S. 
t.  space  largely  whitish  before  the  irregular  black  s.  t.  line.  Distinctly 
marked;  lines  single,  black,  denticulate;  t.  a.  line  with  a  single  deeper 
inward  intiection  below  submedian  fold.  Claviform  large,  distinctly 
outlined;  orbicular  funnel-shaped,  the  narrow  portion  reaching  t.  a.  line; 
reniform  narrow,  elongate,  lunate;  all  the  spots  whitish  with  distinct 
black  anhuli.  Secondaries  fuscous,  fringes  white.  Reneath,  white 
over  fuscous;  a  common  black  shade  line  marked  on  the  veins  of  the 
secondaries.  Thorax  and  head,  gray;  collar  with  a  dark  line;  patngi.e 
marked  with  piidc. 

Expands  37"""  ;  1.5  inches. 

IlAniTAT. — Sierra  Nevada,  California. 

The  type  from  Mr,  Edwards'  collection  only  examined.  Unfortunately 
this  is  a  9  ,  so  the  position  assigned  the  species  is  liable  to  change.  I 
believe  the  <S ,  when  discovered,  will  be  found  to  have  pectinate  an- 
tenna. 

The  si)ecies  is  easily  recognized  and  is  one  of  our  handsomest  Aip'otiN, 
•  Since  the  above  was  written,  the  species  has  been  found  in  some  num- 
bers. There  is  a  bred  specimen  in  the  collection  of  the  U.  S.  Xntional 
Museum,  and  Mr.  Edwards  has  several  specimens.  1  do  not  know 
whether  any  of  these  ar<>  ';?ale:i,  and  Mr.  Edwanls'  collection  is  at  prea- 
cut  inaccessible. 


i 


k 


M. 

space  like 
;  tooth  oil 
lentate,  i\< 
H'ln  spots, 
iiKleliiiite  ; 
;'ray ;  w\u 

inf'eriorly 
ecoiularit's 

somewhat 


ihiily  mot- 
letiinlly  it 

t-  IMl.i      ■UC 

3U  «pe(  !es. 


ho  median 
iuliii}?.  S. 
Distinctly 
Sle  deeper 

distinctly 
uft.  a. line; 
h  distinct 

th,  white 
ins  of  tlie 
;  patasi.e 


itnnately 
lanj'e.  1 
inate  an- 


t  A  f/ rot  is. 
)me  nuni- 
Natioiml 
lot  know 
s  at  prea- 


I 


I'. 


KEVISION    OF   SPIX'IES    OF   THE    GENUS    AGltOTIS 


Porosagrotis  pluralis  (irt. 


131 


187f^.  Grt.,  Hull.  Geol.  Siirv.,  iv,  174,  Jtjrotis. 
1880.  Git.,  Bull.  Geol.  Siirv.,  VI,  144,  Ayrotis, 
1882.  Grt.,  111.  Essay,  55,  pi.  2,  f.  IG,  Agrotis. 

Gray,  the  middle  portion  of  primaries  sntt'used  with  yellow  ocherous. 
Transverse  lines  barely  traceable,  very  slightly  paler  than  the  sjiace 
through  which  they  pass.  S.  t.  line  distinct,  pale,  inwardly  shaded 
with  fuscous,  two  evident  teeth  on  veins  '6  and  4.  A  slightly  paler 
ai)ical  patch.  All  the  veins  more  or  less  evidently  nuuked  with  white, 
veins  3  and  •!  and  tJ  and  7  unusually  distinctly  so.  The  cell  excei)t  or- 
dinary spots  and  a  shade  over  veins  li,  3,  and  4,  fuscous.  Orbicular 
pale,  moderate  in  size,  somewhat  oblique.  Keniform  upright,  constricted 
at  middle,  and  interiorly  dilated;  annulate  with  white,  the  center  dark 
gray.  Secondaries  smoky,  paler  at  base.  Ueneath,  powdery  white; 
disc  of  primaries  more  dusky.  Head  and  thorax  gray  mixed  with  black- 
ish, margins  of  patagiie  yellowish  buff. 

Expands  37 " " " ;  1.5  inches. 

Habitat.— Nevada. 

The  9  type  from  L)r.  Bailey's  collection  is  the  on!y  spe<;iinen  exam- 
ined, and  the  place  assigned  to  the  species  is  therefore  liable  to  be 
erroneous.  The  general  habitus  of  the  species  seems  to  place  it  here, 
ami  I  think  that  the  $  when  discovered  will  have  pectinate  antenna'. 

OenuB  CARNEADES  (irt. 

Fore  tibiie  strongly  spinose,  with  longer  lateral  spines  at  tip,  which 
is  somewhat  broadened.  Front  of  head  rough,  tuberculate,  with  usually 
a  central  depression.  Palpi  distinct,  normally  developed,  reaching  to 
about  middle  of  front.  Antenme  in  the  male  with  the  joints  marked 
aterally  with  tufts  of  bristly  hair;  in  the  female  simple  with  single 
hortciliations,8ometin>es  scarcely  pubescent.  Wings  trigonate,  ajjices 
iiur  ked  but  not  prominent,  outer  nuirgin  oblique,  rarely  rounded  save 
'..  tlw  quadiidentata  series.  Harpesofthe  S  oblong  with  oblique  ti[> 
which  is  inwardly  set  with  a  series  of  spinnles.  Clasper  bifurcate,  the 
forks  varying  in  proportion. 

The  strong  distinctive  feature  of  the  genus  is  in  the  last  character — 
the  forked  clasper  of  the  male  genitalia.  In  all  other  characters  it 
agrees  perfectly  with  that  section  of  Poroxayrotis  of  which  muraennlalH 
the  type.  The  series  with  this  character  {VJnstitutes  by  far  the  most 
numerous  group  of  the  genus  Afjrotis  auct.  The  gieater  proportion  of 
the  species  are  western,  and  the  greater  part  of  the  western  Aijrotid 
fauna  belongs  to  this  genus.  In  structural  characters  and  somewhat 
h\  habitus  tne  resemblance  to  the  Ileliothina'  is  marked.  It  is  a  fact  of 
very  great  interest  that  this  faumi  of  the  far  west  should  so  preponder 
ate  in  species  which  have  the  heavy  tibial  armature  and  moditied  frontal 
structure. 

Besides  cuutaining  very  much  the  greater  number  of  species,  the 


'N"5;li 


ilHiM 


132 


lULLETIN    :J8,  UNITED    STATKS    NATIONAL    MUSEUM. 


1^' 


M'tl 


f 

* 


species  are  also  most  closely  allied.  The  larjje  degree  of  ui;il"oriinty  in 
genital  structure  robs  us  of  one  of  our  safest  and  most  certain  guides, 
while  the  extreme  range  of  variation  in  many  of  the  forms  makes  the 
limitation  of  species  diflicult.  It  is  in  this  series,  too,  that  constant 
additions  are  being  made  to  the  species.  Scarcely  a  collection  reaches 
my  hands  that  does  not  contain  some  nnirkedly  distiiu't  species,  an«l 
our  work  of  a  monographic  nature  must  remain  partly  tentative  until  the 
western  region  has  been  so  thoroughly  exploreil  that  the  additions  are 
not  so  (ionstant. 

In  adopting  the  generic  term  CurncadvH  I  have  coiisidted  convenience 
and  merit  more  than  [triority.  Mr.  Grote  in  this  case  recognized  the 
frontal  struc»^ure  as  differing  from  Agrotis,  but  he  Wiis  evidently  igno- 
rant of  how  1'  •"  si)ecies  agreed  with  Jiis  generic  type  in  this  respect. 
His  earlier  gi'  'Jucoptocnemis  foi\fi^iibriaris,  I  have  not  usd  because 

I  am  not  sure  tur  usect  really  belongs  here.  1  have  seen  it  but  never 
had  a  chance  to  study  it.  1  know  positively  that  many  of  the  exotic 
and  I'iUropean  species  must  fiml  a  place  in  this  same  series,  but  have 
not  been  able  to  apply  the  generic  terms  which  exist  in  abun<lance  to 
any  type  with  which  I  was  actpuiinted.  So  large  an  assemblage, 
agreeing  so  closely  in  structural  characters,  ]>roved  dillicult  of  sub- 
division, since  1  was  reduced  to  characters  t)f  nniculation  and  colora- 
tion. Some  little  i.itelligence  and  care  will  therefore  have  to  be  applied 
in  referring  some  of  the  sjjecies  to  their  respective  series. 

First  in  the  line  I  place  a  small  group  of  which  wilsonii  is  typical. 
It  ditfers  from  all  the  others  in  the  longer  wings  and  depressed  costal 
margin.  The  appearance  is  somewhat  like  the  auxilliaris  series  from 
which  tJie  structural  characters  well  separate  it. 

Following  this  is  the  group  quadndeniata,  which  is  characterized  by 
the  name  of  its  type.  Veins  3  and  4  and  (»  and  7  are  marked  with 
white,  and  strongly  iiulent  the  s.  t.  line,  the  spurs  usually  attaining  the 
outer  margin.  The  feature  is  a  distinctive  one  ami  theie  is  oidy  one 
species  in  which  there  is  room  for  doubt  as  to  its  reference  here.  The 
species  are  nt)t  very  well  sei)arated  and  there  uuiy  be  njore  or  less  than 
1  have  imlicated. 

Group  pitiichrons  differs  by  the  general  iudetiniteness  of  nniculation. 
Sonu'itimes  the  color  is  uniform,  sometimes  the  lines  are  wanting,  and 
sometimes  the  lines  are  indicated  or  even  fairly  distinct,  and  the  ordi 
nary  spots  are  vague  and  indefinite.  The  median  shade  line  is  never 
jiresent,  ami  the  cell  is  never  black  tilled.  Most  of  the  species  are 
rtsnlily  referred  here,  and  only  a  few,  which  will  be  more  particularly 
referred  to  hereafter,  are  liable  to  cause  doubt. 

Messoria  is  typical  of  another  group,  all  the  members  of  which  have 
the  median  shade  line  evident.  The  cell  is  never  distinctly  black  tilled, 
ami  the  lines  are  sometimes  the  onl^' definite  feature  of  nniculation. 
Some  of  the  species  here,  which  vary  in  the  line  of  an  obsolescence  of 
UJU(5ulatiou,  may  create  dcubt  with  a-  small  uuwbor  of  specimeus,  but 


I. 

brill ity  in 
ill  guides, 
lakes  the 
constant 
n  reaches 
Hiies,  anil 
'until  the 
itioiis  are 

ivenience 
iiized  the 
itly  igno- 
i  respect. 
\  because 
)ut  never 
le  exotic 
but  have 
(lance  to 
enibhige, 
t  of  sub- 
(l  coloni- 
c  ai)[»lied 

'  typical. 

'd  costal 

ies  from 

rized  by 
ied  with 
niiig  the 
anly  one 
le.  The 
L'ss  than 

iulation. 
ng,  and 
le  ordi 
s  never 
ties  are 
icularly 

h  have 
k  liUed, 
lation. 
Biice  of 
U8,  but 


REVISION   OF   SPECIES   OF   THE    CiENHS   AfiROTIS. 


ms 


can  in  all  cases  be  correctly  referred  with  a  suHicient  material.  I-'inally 
come  those  species  of  which  icsselluta  is  typical,  and  wiiicli  agree  in 
always  having  the  cell  dark  or  black  filled  in  well-marked  specimens. 
The  transverse  lines  may  be  present  or  absent, 'but  the  ordinary  si)ota 
are  always  outlined  in  part,  at  least,  by  the  intermediate  black  or  dusky 
shade. 

The  description  of  each  group  is  very  fully  given  and  excei>tional 
characters  are  noted.  I  have  left  the  full  c,hara(!terization  to  each, 
even  at  the  risk  of  some  repetition,  as  1  considered  it  well  to  have  each 
capable  of  standing  alone. 

The  synopsis  of  genera  and  groups  renders  another  table  unneces- 
sary. 

Group  WILSONII. 

Anterior  tibial  spinose,  rather  heavily  armed  at  tip.  Front  promi- 
nent, tuberculate,  rough.  Antenme  3  serrate  and  bristled,  of  the  same 
type  as  in  allied  groups.  Thorax  quadrate  with  indelinite,  iiicoiisi)icu- 
ous  tuftings.  Primaries  moderate,  costa  dei)ressed,  sligiitly  (!oncave, 
ai)ices  produced.  This  feature  of  the  primaries  is  peculiar  to  the  species 
of  this  group. 

The  genitalia  of  the  i  have  Iheharpes  short  and  rather  broad,  the 
clasper  bifurcate,  the  tines  subefpial  and  reaching  almost  to  the  tip  of 
tiie  harpes.  The  inferior  branch  of  the  fork  is  straight,  regularly  tajter- 
iiig  to  an  aeute  point;  the  upper  is  more  equal,  slightly  cturved  and  not 
acute  at  tip. 

Two  species  only  belong  to  this  group,  closely  allied,  but  yet  easily 
separated. 

Wilsouii  is  a  pretty,  brightly  marked  species  with  pale  ordinary  spots 
and  distinctly  paler  yellow  or  red  s.  t.  space ;  the  t.  \\.  line  is  distinct; 
the  s.  t.  line  not  market!. 

Lavnnma  is  closely  allied,  but  darker,  much  more  eveidy  colored. 
The  t.  p.  line  is  obsolete;  but  the  a.  t.  line  is  distinct  preceded  by 
black  sagittate  dashes. 

Nothing  is  known  of  the  early  stages  of  the  species. 

In  maculation  and  habitus  this  series  is  intermediate  lu'lween  the 
iliKtth-iileutdtii  and  tf.s.srilatd  groups,  and  resembles  moic  i)arti('ulaily 
the  ocliro<i<i.stcr  series  in  the  latter  group.  The  pecrnliar  wing  form, 
however,  allows  me  to  head  the  genus  with  thi  •  small  series. 

Carneadcs  wilsonii  (tit. 

1H7:?.  Ort.,  Hiiir.  ISiill.,  I.  i:!.-.,  i»l.  t,  f.  :!,  .tut-otin. 
1S74.  (irt.,  IJiili.  Mull.,  II,  dv',  .(f/n(/i>. 

Hpcfiiilin  (irt. 
IHTI.  (ill,,,  Hull.  Hull.,  li,Cr.',  .Infolis. 
IfH'i.  ({It.,  Ill,  EH,sii,\,  .'.I,  1)1.  V',  f.  14,  .liiroth. 

Fusco  luteous  to  bright  red  of  various  intensity;  costa  to  apex,  n  .  :•• 
row  inner  margin,  and  s.  t.  spac(^  paler  luteous.  Ilasal  line  marked  in 
cell,  white,  margined  each  side  with  a  blackish  shade.     T.  a.  geminate, 


111""-' 
II  ■■ 


,r;;«i 


IT' 

III' 


0^ 


,  nifti 

M  1 


f; 


134  lUILLKTIN   38,  UNITED    STATES    NATIONAL   MUSEUM. 


imn-. 


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r 

i*ll|| 

r 

am 

m- 

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'11 

0- 

•  '^ti 

0''" 


i 


upright,  siiiuiitc,  not  reaching  costa;  incliuled  space  wliitisli.  T  .p.  lino 
liinuliite,  interrnpted,  single;  .sliari)ly  defining  the  paler  s.  t.  space,  its 
course  inwardly  obli(iue  even,  hardly  curved  over  cell.  S.  t.  line  not 
defined ;  marked  only  bj'the  contrast  in  color  between  terminal  and  s.  t. 
space.  This  outline  is  very  irregular;  the  terminal  shade  sends  in  a 
broad  angulation  opposite  the  cell,  is  much  narrowed  on  veii.s  ."i  and  4^ 
and  again  broader  to  hind  margin.  Claviform  concolorous,  narrowly 
outlined  in  black,  short  and  rather  broad.  Ordinary  spots  well  defined, 
narrowly  annulate  with  white,  centered  with  pale  yellowish.  Orbicular 
irregularly  ovate ;  reniform  normal.  Secondaries  yellowish  fuscous. 
Ueneath  white,  ]»owdery ;  primaries  with  disk  smoky;  all  wings  with 
dusky  discal  lunule.  Head  and  thorax  concolorous ;  collar  inferiorly 
whitish  yellow. 

Expands  37-44'""' ;  1.5-1.75  inches. 

1 1  ABIT  AT. — California. 

A  pretty  an«l  well  defined  species  with  no  peculiarities,  not  already 
enumerated ;  it  varies  from  luteous  to  bright  red  brown,  the  latter  being 
typical  of  spccialis.  Mr.  Edwards'  collection  shows  both  forms.  The 
antennal  difference  noted  by  Mr.  Grote  exists  in  terms  only.  Wihonii 
e(|ually  has  "  tufts  of  bristles  on  the  joints"  and  at  the  same  time  both 
forms  have  them  "  brush  like." 

The  U.  S.  Museum  collection  contains  a  very  pretty  series  of  this 
species  showing  the  very  wide  range  of  variation  in  ground  color. 
S(;arcely  two  specimens  are  entirely  alike,  and  yet  the  characteiistic 
appearance  of  tho  species  io  so  marked  that  no  mistake  is  possible  in 


its  recognition. 


Carneades  lacmiosa  Grt. 


1878.  Grt.,  Bull.  Geol.  Siirv.,  iv,  72,  Agrotia. 

Fuso  luteous,  sordid  ;  cell  darker,  shaded  with  blackish,  costa  very 
slightly  paler.  A  darker  longitudinal  basal  shade  crossed  by  the  nar- 
row basal  line  and  limited  outwardly  by  the  t.  a.  line.  This  latter  as 
in  icUxonii,  but  less  distinct.  T.  p.  line  very  faintly  indicated,  obso- 
letely  geminate;  its  course  as  in  wilsonii.  S.  t.  line  distinct  narrow, 
])ale,  limiting  the  somewhat  darker  terminal  space  ;  preceded  by  a  row 
of  sagittate  black  spots,  its  course  sinuate,  not  greatly  divergent  at  any 
])art  of  its  course.  Ordinary  spots  essentially  as  in  icilsonii,  but  not  so 
contrasting,  the  center  being  almost  concolorous.  Secondaries  and 
underside  as  in  wilsonii. 

Expands  35-;i0""" ;  1.40-1.50  inches. 

II  AniTA'i".— California. 

With  essentially  the  same  maculation  this  si)ecies  is  yet  very  distinct 
from  inlsonii  by  the  obsolete  t.  p.  line  and  well  marked  s.  t.  line.  The 
collar  is  concolorous,  l)ut  is  crossed  by  a  dark  lino.  The  species  is  cred- 
ited to  Mr.  IMorrison  in  lists,  but  I  can  not  find  that  he  ever  described  it. 
Mr.  Grote's  description  above  cited  is  the  first  appearance  of  the 
species  in  literature  so  far  as  I  know,  and  he  should  be  credited  with  it. 


REVISION   OF    SPECIES    OF    THE    GENUS    AGROTIS. 


135 


Tlie 


- 


Carneades  aequalis  Ilarv. 
187(!.  Harv.,  Can.  Eiit.,  viii,  ;J0,  AiiroUs. 

"  9  .  Allied  to  Wilsonii  and  especially  resembling  some  of  the  varie- 
ties of  that  species,  but  distinguishable  by  the  s.  t.  line  not  beinf;  twice 
more  i)rominently  indented,  but  pale,  dentate  throuyhout  its  lenj^th, 
and  by  the  concolorous  terminal  space  and  larger  stigmata.  Iloary 
olivaceous  fuscous  witli  a  tinge  of  brown  ;  <;laviform  indicated;  orbicu- 
lar large,  irregularly  elongate;  reniform  wide  ;  cell  shaded  with  brown. 
T.  p.  line  geminate,  regularly  lunulate.  Fringes  brown  discolorous. 
Hind  wings  fuscous,  deei)ening  in  tint  outwardly,  with  pale,  faintly  in- 
terlined fringes  and  long,  narrow  discal  streak  ;  beneath  whitish,  irro- 
rate  on  costal  region,  with  faint  terminal  shade  and<liscal  nr'.rk  ;  prima- 
ries fuscous.    Thorax  and  head  concolorous  with  fore-wings. 

'^  Expanse  .38""".    Calilbrnia." 

Apparently  a  good  species  allied  to  hicunosa.  Entirely  unknown  to 
me  in  nature.  I  can  no.t  identify  it  with  any  of  the  numerous  Califor- 
nian  species  known  to  me. 

Group  QUADRIDENTATA. 

This  is  characterized  by  strongly  armed  anterior  tibia;,  prominent, 
roughened,  and  somewhat  tuberculate  front,  serrate  and  strongly 
bristled  male  antenna'-  and  bifurcate  clasper.  The  distinctive  charac- 
ter separating  it  from  the  other  group  with  which  it  agrees  in  struct- 
ure is  found  in  the  ornamentation.  L*eculiar  to  it  is  the  macidation  from 
which  the  typical  species  has  received  its  name;  veins  .'J  and  4,  and  to 
a  less  extent  veins  (iand  7,  are  marked  with  pale  streaks,  extending  to 
and  strongly  indenting  the  terminal  space.  In  addition,  the  ordinary 
spots  are  always  distinct,  thecosta  usually  perceptibly  paler,  th<!  orbicu- 
lar often  oblong  and  oi)en  superiorly,  the  mediaii  vein  more  or  less 
marked  with  white,  and  a  more  or  less  distinct  submedian  pale  dash. 
On  the  whole  this  group  is  rather  closely  allied  to  siihtfofltica  through 
lluvidens,  aiul  to  renerahUiii  through  hrevipennis.  The  otlier  species 
more  evidently  resemble  tin'  other  groups  nearest  allie<l  in  tiie  structure 
of  tiie  male  genitalia.  In  this  latter  character  the  species  agree  toler- 
ably well  among  themselves.  Except  in  olirtdis  the  lower  foik  is  long- 
est and  tolerably  straight.  In  uircilinod,  Jiaridens,  ami  plaijuiera  this 
lower  fork  reaches  to  or  exceeds  the  tip  of  the  harpes,  the  tip  somewhat 
curved  and  not  pointed.  In  the  other  species  the  lower  fork  is  stout, 
straight,  regularly  tapering  to  an  acute  point,  and  does  not  reach  the 
tip  of  the  harpes.  Oliralis  is  unicpie  in  having  the  lower  fork  very 
short  and  stout,  raj)idly  tai)ering  to  an  acute  tip.  The  upper  fork  and 
the  harpes  show  little  variation,  the  former  being  nearly  evenly  and 
equally  curved,  and  the  latter  being  oblouif  and  rounded  or  oblicjuely 
truncate  at  tip.  As  a  matter  of  fact  the  genitalia,  are  not  exactly  alike 
in  any  two  .species ;  but  the  ditferences  are  so  slight  aiul  so  dillicult  to 


iii'r\ 


I  iti---  a 


IIM 


130  BTILLETIN   H8,  UNITED   STATES    NATIONAL    MUSEUM. 


» •  ■» 
r 

u  ■ 
I' 


express  in  words  that  Ji  roferoiioo  to  tlie  fiffuros  of  the  phites,  where 
all  important  t.ypes  are  lijiiired,  is  deemed  sutlieient. 

The  species  are  not  numerous,  but  some  of  them  are  closely  allied, 
and  not  a  little  confusion  is  found  in  collections.  In  aeparating  the 
species  of  the  series  with  dusky  secondaries  I  am  not  at  all  satisfied 
that  I  have  hit  the  best  solution  of  the  problem.  The  present  schenic 
worked  well  when  prepared,  and  does  still  in  the  vast  majority  of  in- 
stances, but  material  since  seen  indicates  new  species  which  will  proba- 
bly render  a  re-arran<jement  necessary.  A  character  not  appreciated 
when  the  synopsis  was  prepared  is  found  in  the  s.  t.  line  and  the  upper 
two  of  the  pale  outward  dentations.  Without  a  complete  re-study  of  the 
material  this  can  not  now  be  made  use  of  except  as  indicated  in  the  de- 
scriptions. 1  m.iy  have  jjiven  some  erroneous  determinations  in  this 
group  by  reason  of  the  overlooking  of  this  feature,  and  placing  too  much 
stress  on  the  form  of  the  orbicular — a  charact«n'  not  so  satisfactory  in 
l)oint  of  constancy  as  1  had  supposed. 

The  group  may  be  divided  into  two,  nearly  equal  series,  by  the  color 
of  the  secondaries  and  the  round  color  of  the  |)rimaries.  In  the  tirst 
series  the  secondaries  are  wiiite,  and  the  primaries  show  yellow  «u'  yel- 
lowish gray  as  the  predominating  color,  in  the  second  series  the  sec- 
ondaries are  yellow  fuscous  or  smoky,  and  the  primaries  darker  gray 
or  fusi'ous. 

Among  the  first  series  rccuht  may  be  distinguished  by  its  small  size, 
clear,  bright  yellow  ordinary  spots,  and  other  ornamentation,  the  <mmj- 
trusting  dark  shadings  bringnig  this  maculation  into  proiniiu'iit  lelief. 
Cicatricnsa  and  qiiatlridcntataixre  larger,  with  similar  markings  but  less 
intense  color.  These  spe<Mes  are  hopelessly  confounded  in  collections 
even  by  Mr.  (Irote.  Both  sju'cies  vary  in  brightness  of  color  and  some- 
what in  maculation.  C'icniricosa  UKiy  be  distinguished  by  the  open,  V- 
shaped  orbicular  ami  the  constricted  reniform  ;  quadridentata  has  the 
orbicular  closed,  somewhat  variable  insi/eand  shape,  and  the  reniform 
lunate  or  kidney-shaped.  The  types  of  idl  of  the  preceding  species  have 
been  «'xamined  by  me.  Xircilhien,  wlii<',h  has  been  labeled  qiiadritlen- 
tnfti  in  some  collet^tions,  is  easily  distieguished  by  the  white  line  cross- 
ing the  tluuax  bacsk  of  the  collar. 

fnsprtanfi  and  bnripennis  dilfer  in  the  oblong,  elongnte orbicular.  In 
the  fiU'iiicr  the  ordinaiy  spots  are  connected  or  fused,  the  orbicular  not 
oblicpu',  the  form  not  unusually  stout.  Jin'ripcnnis  is  aji  nnusiially  stout 
species  with  oblique  orbicular,  not  fused  or  connected  with  reniform. 
The  thorax  is  very  hc^avy  and  large,  the  anterior  tuft  most  prominent, 
the  al)doinen  very  short  and  scarcely  exceeding  secondaries. 

PltKjh/fra  is  a  well-marked  species  of  the  second  series,  nearly  allied 
to  hn'riprnnis.  The  ordinary  spots  are  narrow,  well  marked,  outlined 
in  black,  then  annulate  with  white,  else  concolorous ;  the  orbicular  is 
oblong,  obliipie,  open  snjjeriorly;  the  t.  p.  line  is  very  indetinite, 
usually  imiicliform  and  somewhat  irregular.  The  pale  dents  on  veins 
6  and  7  do  not  cross  the  s.  t.  line. 


M. 

tes,  where 

lely  alliefl, 
lilting  the 
1  satis(ie<l 
tit  seheiiie 
rity  of  iii- 
all  proba- 
>|)reciate(l 
the  upper 
uly  of  the 
iQ  the  de- 
ls in  this 
too  much 
iiictory  in 

tiie  color 
I  the  lirst 
vv  or  yel- 
^  tlie  sec- 
lier  <;ray 

nail  size, 
the  (!()n- 
'Ht  relief, 
luit  less 
Ih'irtions 
i<l  some- 
open,  V- 
has  tlie 
en  i  form 
ies  iiave 
(Khiflen- 
le  cross- 
la  r.     In 
liar  not 
ly  stout 
niforiM. 
niinent, 

allied 
utlined 
Milar  is 
elinite, 
n  veins 


RKVISION    OF    SPEriKS    OF   TITK    OKNTS    AOROTIS. 


137 


Yet  nearer,  perhaps,  to  brevipennis  is  ohhnffistifjina,  wliicii  is  ratner 
well  distinguished  by  the  uniform  sordid,  smoky  color  an*l  the  narrow, 
oblong,  concolorous  ordinary  spots.  The  orbicular  is  open  superiorly, 
ol)lique.  The  cell  around  the  ordinary  spots  is  black,  and  there  is  a 
l»lack  basal  dash.    The  <lentson  veins  G  and  7  cross  iht^  s.  t.  line. 

Olivnlis  is  a  puzzling  species,  standing  almost  midway  between 
plofiif/cra  and  ridiiuisiaiuu  It  has  the  narrow,  oblong  orbicular  of  the 
former  ai.d  the  marked  t.  p.  line  of  the  latter;  the  soinewlmt  more  yel- 
lowish fuscous  secondaries  turn  the  scale  of  resemblance  to  riilitufsiana, 
and  the  S  genitalia  confirm  this.  The  pale  dents  of  veins  (5  and  7  do 
not  cross  the  s.  t.  line. 

Ridingfiiana  differs  from  the  previous  species  of  the  series  in  having 
the  orbicular  rounded  and  complete.  The  costa  is  concolorous,  the 
veins  only  flecked  witii  white  scales.  The  dents  on  veins  (J  and  7  do 
not  cross  the  s.  t.  line. 

FlaridcHH  is  a  large  species  and  is  very  distinctly  marked.  The  costa 
is  yellow,  the  median  stripe  is  very  distinct,  and  the  ordinary  spots  are 
annulate  with  pale  yellow.  The  pale  dents  on  veins  G  and  7  cross  the 
s.  t.  line. 

FlaricoUh  is  like  the  preceding  in  general  habitus,  but  differs  by  the 
yellow  collar,  the  even  and  very  distinct  s.  t.  line,  and  the  rounde«l 
a|Mces  of  primaries.  The  pale  dents  do  not  cross  the  s.  t.  line  on  veins 
(»  and  8. 

PercxceUem  is  one  of  the  handsomest  of  our  species,  and  the  best 
marked  of  this  group.  It  is  very  large — sometimes  expanding  over  two 
inches — the  maculation  essentially  like  flai'i<leiis,  but  much  brighter, 
suffused  with  rethnsh  to  lilac,  gray.  The  apices  of  primaries  are  some- 
what produced,  the  dents  on  veins  (i  and  7  do  not  cross  the  s.  t.  line, 
while  on  veins  3  and  4  the  indentation  of  the  line  is  not  great.  It  is  the 
only  species  of  the  series  in  which  the  group  character  is  not  promi- 
nently marked.     In  tabular  form  we  have  the  following: 

SYNOPSIS   or   SI'KCIKS. 

SocDiwlaricH  wliit.t^  primaries  ^C'-'^.v  •••  vt^llow. 

.SiiiiilU'.st ;  onliiiar.v  spots  iiinl  iiicdlaii  strip.',  clear  yellow iikcui.a. 

Lartjer;  the  yellow  paler,  more  wliite. 

Orbicular,  open  above  ;  V-sliaped CICATKICOSA. 

Orbicular,  round,  complete. 

Collar  paler  j;ray  or  yellow,  no  wliite  line  erossin;;  thorax <jiai>1!I1)K\  tATA. 

Collar  concolorous,  a  tlistinet  white  line  crossin;;  I  borax  bebiinl  cullar, 

MVKII.INKA. 

Orbicular  oblonfj. 

Ordinary  spots  fused,  orhienhir  not  oblifpie,  abdomen  normal iNsi:iirANS. 

Ordinary  spots  not  fiisixl,  orbicular  obliijue,  abdomen  short,  conic, 

lUtKVIl'KXNIS. 

Secondaries  dusky,  primaries  darker. 
Orbicular  narrow,  obliipie,  open  superiorly. 
Ordinary  spots  concolorous,  relieved  by  black  (illinjf  of  coll ;  t.  )>.  line  obsolete, 

oiu.()\(iisri(<MA. 


i|tlt>i>i 


;|:iui»| 

.IiMm 

I  ItU'  'W 

at  iW 
..  '-m 
lire-  « 

oil 


138 


BULLETIN    ;W,   UNITED    STATES    NATIONAL    MUSEUM, 


J 


f 

■ 
1 
I 

I 


I 

»■■• 


I       v-V 


Ordinar.v  spots  oiitliiuMl  in  lil.u^k,  iiiiniiliitii  with  wliito;  t.  j).  liiif  i>uii(tif'Tiii  and 

Honiowhiit  irrt!y;iiliir  ;  Bccoixlurifs  wliiti.sli i"LA(il(iKi<A. 

T.  i».  lin«  well  delined,  even;  secoudiirics  yellowish ouvAu.s. 

Orlilcnlar  ronnded,  CDniplctr. 

Costa  eolicolorons,  M/r,  small,  jialo  colors  white KiDlNtisiANA. 

Costa  aiul  ]ia!(>  colors  yellowish. 
Collar  eoncolorons  ;  thoracic  tuft  yellow  ;  apices  of  primaries  rectanfjnlar, 

I'l.AVlDKNS. 

C(dlar  yellow  infcriorly ;  thoracic  tuft  concolorons ;  apices  of  primaries 
rounded I'l.AVicoi.i.is. 

Collar  white  interiorly,  limited  l>y  a  hlaek  line;  size  very  larj^e;  pale  colors 
sull'used  with  reddish  or  lilac,  very  hri;;lit;  apices  of  primaries  somewhat 
l)roduced I'KKKXcki.i.kns. 

Carneades  recula  Harv. 

1876.  Harv.,  Cin.  Ent.,  viii,  :(7,  Aijrotis. 

Deep  smoky  brown ;  costal  and  snbmediaii  spaces,  inner  margin  at 
base,  a  subapieal  patch  and  ordinary  spots  yellow.  S.  t.  line  distinct, 
yellowish,  indented  as  usual  by  the  four  pale  streaks,  and  nuirked 
inwardly  by  black  cuneiform  dashes.  Secondaries  white.  Beneath 
white.  Head  and  inferior  half  of  collar  white  or  creamy.  Thorax 
luteous,  intermixed  with  both  black  and  white  hair  and  scales.  Ab- 
domen yellowish  wiiite. 

Expands  25""" ;  1  inch. 

IIAIUTAT.— Oregon. 

This  small  and  very  distinc  species  ia  recognized  by  the  contrast  in 
color  of  primaries.  It  must  be  very  pretty  when  perfect;  but  all  the 
known  spe<;imens  iiie  rubbe<l  and  also  imperfectly  typ^ead.  All  the  ex- 
amples thus  far  seen  in  collections  come  from  Mr.  Ily.  Edwards. 

Carueades  cicatricosa  G.  &.  R. 

18().').  (Jrt.  A:  Roll.,  Proc.  Ent.  Soc.  Phil.,  iv,   192  pi.  3,  f.  4,  Agrolis. 

Ground  color  yellowish  white.  Costa  marked  with  blackish  scales  ; 
in  the  cell  tiiere  is  only  a  small  triangular  spot  marking  the  anterior 
boundary  of  the  V-shaped  orbicular,  and  a  narrow  space  between  spots 
dark  fuscous.  T.  a.  line  marked  only  below  median  vein  ;  t.  p.  lino 
curved  over  the  cell,  thence  straight  to  internal  margin ;  extended 
slightly  along  the  veins;  space  between  reniform  and  t.  p.  line  dark. 
S.  t.  line  well  marked,  even,  scarcely  indented  on  veins  3  and  4;  out- 
wardly marked  by  the  dark  terminal  space,  inwardly  by  a  row  of  lu- 
nate spots.  Claviform  well  <lefiiied,  dusky.  Basal  space  below  median 
vein  dusky.  Secondaries  white.  Beneath  white.  Head  and  thorax 
luteous.    Collar  inferiorly  and  patagia*  near  sides,  white. 

I-]xpands  LM)-31"'"' ;  1.20-1.25  inches. 

H  ABIT  AT. — ( 'olorado. 

It  is  difficult  to  describe  an  insect  like  this,  in  which  the  ground  color 
may  be  either  one  thing  or  the  other  so  far  as  predoniinan(!e  is  con- 
cerned, and  where  the  maculation  is  so  irregular.    The  V-shaped  orbicu- 


lar, 
I'lia^ 
s)ie(l 
lianl 


M. 

ctiPrm  and 

l'LA(il(ii;i{A. 
.  OI.IVAU.S. 

I)IN<;SIANA. 

r>Kiilar, 

l"I,.\VII>KNS, 

'    priiiiiirics 

AVICOI.I.IS. 

|>:ilo  coloiH 

i  HOIIK'Wllilt 


iiargiii  at 
distinct, 

iiiiirked 
Beneath 

Thorax 
es.    Ab- 


itrast  in 

all  the 

1  the  ex- 


scales  ; 
interior 
'u  spots 

p.  line 

tended 
e  dark. 
4;  ont- 
V  of  lu- 
niedian 

thorax 


d  color 
is  con- 
Drbicu- 


REVISION    OF    HPEriKS    OF    THE    GENUS    ACROTIS. 


i;59 


lar,  constricted  reniforni,  and  unnsnall.v  distinct  and  even  s.  t.  lino  are 
cliaracteristic,  however,  an<l  may  be  relied  upon  to  distinj^nish  the 
species.  It  seems  rare,  very  lew  specimens  having  passed  through  my 
iiands. 

Carneades  qiiadridentata  (•.  &  R. 

180'),  Grt.  &  Rob.,  I'rof.  Ent.  .Soc.  Pliil.  iv,  I'M,  pi.  :?,  tV.  2  and  :i,  Agrolis. 

Deep  luteous  brown  or  olivaceous  ;  costa  to  t.  p.  line,  internal  margin 
imd  submedian  stripe  yellowish;  s.  t.  space  also  paler  than  ground  color. 
<  )rdinary  spots  complete,  outliiu'd  in  black,  whitish,  with  taint  yellowish 
center.  T.  a.  line  single,  with  two  wide  outwanl  curves.  T.  \).  line 
liinulate,  very  even;  s.  t.  line  narrow,  pale,  inwardly  marked  by  a  se- 
ries of  approximate  black  lunules.  Claviform  faintly  marked,  concolor- 
oiis.  The  dentations  on  veins  .'i  and  4  cross  the  s.  t.  line  and  almost 
attain  the  outer  margin ;  on  veins  0  and  7  they  half  way  cross  the  ter- 
minal s[)ace.  Secondaries  white,  a  few  black  scales  along  outer  margin, 
r.eneath  primaries  dusky,  se(!OiMlaries  white;  sometimes  the  primaries 
are  also  pale.  Head  and  thorax  concolorous;  collar  interiorly  yellow, 
l)atagia^  white.  Occasionally  a  reddish  tinge  replaces,  oris  mixed  with 
the  yellow  of  primaries  but  the  maculatiou  remains  the  same. 

Expands  30-32 ' ;  1.20-1.28  inches. 

It  ABIT  AT.— Colorado. 

A  very  neatly  marked  species,  not  at  all  common  in  collections.  I 
believe  I  have  seen  this  from  New  Mexico  and  Arizona,  but  can  not  be 
certain.  The  character  of  the  s.  t.  line  will  very  readily  separate  it  from 
the  preceding  which  it  otherwise  resembles  in  habitus. 

Carneades  niveiliiiea  Grt. 

188-i.   Grt.,  Can.  Ent.  xiv,  210,  Ayrotia. 

In  maculatiou  very  like  4dentata ;  so  like,  that  recapitulating  all 
]>oints  seems  useless,  and  oidy  points  of  ditference  will  be  given.  Th«i 
size  is  greater,  the  color  darker,  the  yellow  on  costa  and  veins  replaced 
by  white,  else  by  reddish.  The  collar  and  patagia-  an^  concolorous, 
but  there  is  a  while  stripe  crossing  the  thorax  just  behlii<i  <'v)llar,  which 
will  at  a  glance  identify  this  species.  Secondaries  and  beneath  as  in 
idcntata. 

Expands  35'"";  1.40  inches. 

IlATUTAT.— Arizona,  New  Mexico. 

Seems  not  uncommon  species  where  found,  and  is  very  constant, 
Karely  a  rubbed  specimen  will  be  confused  with  qnadridentata. 

Caneades  insertans  Sniitli. 

1890.  Sniitli,  Trans.  Am.  Ent.  Snc.  xvu,  4'!,  Agrotis. 
General  color  a  rather  sordid  yellow.     Head  and  palpi  immaculate, 
collar  with  a  distinct  bla<'k  central  line  above  which  the  color  is  sonuv 
what  more  dusky.    Thorax  with  black  scales  intermixed,  forming  an 


1**1* 

,11 


I. Iff' 


I:  II  lit  I 


I 


;iu,:  J 


*' 


140 


miLLETlN   38,  TTNITKD   STATES    NATIONAL   MUSEUM. 


■-111' 


c 

( 

I 
I 

I  . 

h 

I 

t 


iiM'oraplote  line  iiiarjjiniii},'  tlio  patiipfiii'.  IMiinarics  with  the  median 
liiu'.s  practically  obsok'te,  tlie  t.  a.  line  tra«!cal)lc  only  hy  a  single  loop 
below  the  clavifonn  and  the  t.  p.  line  marked  only  by  geminate  cotstnl 
dots.  A  basal  bhuik  .streak,  to  which  is  attached  the  loop-like  clu  i- 
form.  The  cell  is  black  around  and  between  the  ordinary  spots,  which 
nre  connected;  an  unbroken  black  line  margining  both.  Orbicular  elon- 
gate, with  a  slightly  darker  core;  a  narrow  spur  extending  to  the  ren- 
iform,  whi<!h  is  moderate  in  size  and  kidney -shaped.  A  black  spot  be- 
low reniform.  The  s.  t.  ami  terminal  spaces  are  prominently  marked 
by  the  four  pale  strciks  so  characteristic  of  the  ■i  dentnta  series  of  this 
genus;  the  black  intermediate  dashes  distin(;t;  no  distinct  s.  t.  line. 
Secondaries  clear,  pure  white.  Beneath  white,  somewhat  powdery, 
without  line  or  ?not. 

Expands  .TV ;   L.'J'J  inches. 

IlAiUTAT.— liritish  Columbia,  Spencer's  Bridge. 

The  type  is  a  uniipie  male  from  Mr.  Xeumoegen ;  easily  distinguished 
from  f'll  the  mensbers  of  the  group  by  the  united  ordinary  spots  and 
elongate  orbicular. 

Carneades  brevipennis  i^niitli. 

lRf*7.  Smith,  Proc.  U.  S.  Nat.  Miis.,  X,  ir.o,    If/roth. 

Ash  .:xray,  with  somewhat  <larker  shadings  through  ci-i.,.r  and  in 
terminal  si)ace.  Orbictdar  obliciue,  open  superiorly;  reniform  oblique, 
elongate,  somewhat  constricted  in  the  middle.  Bo  h  the  spots  are  de- 
tined  by  a  narrow,  black  line  and  a  pale  interior  ring;  else  concolorous. 
Claviform  very  distinctly  outlined.  Transverse  lines  faint,  in  one 
specimen  entirely  obsolete.  T.  a.  line  geminate,  visible  only  in  sub- 
median  space.  T.  p.  line  not  traceable  at  all.  S.  t.  line  white,  indefi- 
nite, indented  to  half  the  extent  of  terminal  space  on  veins  3  and  4. 
A]»ex  pale.  Secondaries  white,  with  blackish  terminal  line.  Beneath 
white,  primaries  rather  densely,  secondaries  sparsely  powdered  with 
black  scales.     Head  and  collar  interiorly  paler;  else  thorax  concolorous. 

Exitands  3r>-.3S""" ;  1.4r)-l..")0  inches. 

Habitat. — California,  Colorad<»,  Nevada. 

A  very  peculiar  species,  recognizable  by  its  burly  form  and  un- 
nsually  short  abdomen.  The  head  too  is  somewhat  retracted,  but  in 
other  respects  it  does  not  differ  from  the  other  species  with  which  we 
hii replaced  it.  There  are  several  specimens  in  the  collection  of  the 
U.  S.  National  Museum,  taken  by  Mr.  Bruce  in  Colorado. 


a  rol 

tlie 

opeil 

icdj 

smol 

ondil 

marl 

iq 
II 

Til 

it; 
j;roi1 


Carneades  oblongistigma  Smith. 
1887.  Smith,  I'ror.  U.  S.  Nat.  Muh.,  x,  4.'>4,  Ayrolh. 

Ground  color  an  even,  very  dark  gray  or  dirty  fuscous.  Cell  before 
and  between  ordinary  spot.s,  bla<;kisli ;  a  blackish  ba.sal  dash  ;  terminal 
space  darker;  claviform  Hiled  with  blackisli.  Transverse  lines  obso- 
lete; s.  t.  line  concolorous,  u)arked  by  the  dark<'r  terminal  space,  and 


;UM. 


UKVISION    OF   SPECIES    OF    THE    GENUS    AQKOTIS, 


141 


tlifi  median 
single  loop 
iiiiite  costiil 
|)-Iike  clu  i. 
pots,  whicli 
)i<MiljireIoii. 
t«  the  reli- 
nk spot  be. 
tly  marked 
lies  of  til  is 
t  s.  t.  line. 
t  powdery, 


tiiiffnished 
•si»ot8  and 


.1-  and  in 
n  oblique, 
ts  are  de- 
ncoloroiis. 
t,  in  one 
ly  in  811  b- 
te,  indett- 
s  3  and  4. 
Beneath 
re<l  with 
iiolorons. 


and   un- 

1,  but  in 

hicb  we 

u  of  the 


1  before 
erniinal 
^s  obso- 
lee,  and 


a  row  of  sajfittiite  Idaek  dashes  inwardly.  Tiie  usual  dentations  cross 
the  8.  t.  line,  and  rea(!h  nearly  to. the  outer  niargin.  "lUo,  orbicularis 
open  superiorly,  oblique,  oblonj;,  sonunvhat  variable  in  size,  sometimes 
reduced  to  a  mere  line.  The  reniform  is  narrow,  lunate.  Secondaries 
smoky  fu.icous.  Beneath  pale,  somewhat  iridescent,  powdery ;  se<!- 
oiidaries  with  a  distinct  discal  spot.  Thorax  concolorous  with  pri- 
maries; collar  witli  a  mesial  black  line. 

Kxpands  3()-;J2"""  ;  l.2()-1.2r>  inches. 

IJauitat.— Montana,  Black  Hills. 

This  species  recalls  idalnwusis,  and  is  indeed  very  closely  allied  to 
it;  dittoriu}^  obviously,  however,  by  the  dentations  typical  of  this 
Kioup. 

Cariieades  plagigera  Mi>rr. 

1874.  Morr.,  I'roc.  HonI.  Sur.  N.  H.  xvii,  Hi;!  .tyroiiH. 
187,'),  MoiT.,  I'roc.  Ac.  Nut.  Sci.  Phil.,  1H7'»,  ."i"  .lijrotin. 

Smoky  fu.scous,  stronj^ly  ii'forate  with  white,  ('ostal  rejjion  strongly 
marked  with  white  scales,  as  is  also  the  inner  margin  and  thes.  t.  space  ; 
a  white  apical  patch.  Transverse  lines  u»t  well  marke<l.  T.  a.  line 
distinct  only  in  the  subinediaii  space  where  it  forms  a  slightly  angiilate 
outward  curve.  T.  p.  line  crenulate,  often  punctilbrm,  its  course  below 
the  cell  nearly  straight  or  .slightly  incurve<l.  S.  t.  line  bisinuat*', 
indented,  but  not  crossed  by  the  ordinary  marks  on  veins  ."3  and  4. 
The  basal  line  is  indicated  by  a  double  black  spot  at  base.  Claviform 
concolorous,  narrowly  outlined  in  black.  Orbicular  elongate,  narrow, 
oblique,  almost  longitudinal.  Keniform  narrow,  slightly  con.stricted  at 
mitldle,  upright.  Secondaries  dirty  white  with  a  fuliginous  cast.  Be- 
neath whitish,  powdered  with  gray.  Head  and  thorax  concolorous,  the 
latter  marked  with  white  at  base  of  patagiic. 

Expands  3l-:k'» """  ;  1.35-1.40  inches. 

llABiTAT. — Colorado,  Montana,  Nevada,  Kansas,  Washington,  Illi- 
nois. 

This  species  may  be  always  recognized  by  the  dirty  whitish,  not  yel- 
lowish, secondaries.  This  character  will  serve  to  at  on<!e  separate  it  from 
olivalis  which  is  else  closely  allied  to  it.  From  oblong istiy ma  the  species 
is  distinct  by  the  fact  that  the  ordinary  deuts  do  not  cross  the  s.  t.  lino 

Carueades  olivalis  Grt. 
.    1871).  Grt.,  N.  Am.  Ent.  i,  4:J,  Agrotls. 

Dark  olive  or  grayish,  costal  region  powdered  with  white;  transverse 
lines  not  very  distinctly  marked,  but  still  evident.  T.  a.  line  distinct 
below  median  vein,  narrow,  black,  outwardly  curved  between  veins.  T. 
J),  line  .single,  evenly  crenulate,  and  nearly  parallel  with  the  outer  mar- 
gin. S.  t.  line  white,  narrow,  indented  Jis  usual  on  veins  3  and  4.  The 
ordinary  spots  are  concolorous,  narrowly  outlined  in  black  and  with  au 
Iw^ijf  ^uiijswUut  iJowdery,  wUit^i  aijuulus,    Orbicular  Harrow,  ubioog, 


iiirrr.| 

llSfiM 


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142 


BULLEVIN    38,  UNITED    STATES"    NATIONAL    MUSEUM. 


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oblique,  open  superiorly.  Cliiviform  coucolorojis,  outlined  in  bhuk. 
There  is  a  pale  apical  patch  connectinj::  with  a  pale  shading  to  the  t.  ]). 
line.  Median  and  submediau  veins  powdered  with  white  scales.  Sul)- 
median  i)ale  dash  scarcely  traceable.  Secondaries  smoky  fuscous,  with 
a  faint  yellowish  tinge.  Beneath  deep  smoky  brown,  with  a  darker 
common  line  and  discal  spot.  Thorax  coucolorous,  collar  inferioily 
powdered  with  gray. 

Expands  31""" ;  1.25  inches. 

IIabitat. — Colorado. 

This  si)ecies  forms  the  intergrade  between  ridinfisiana  and  jtlayiycrn 
while  sufliciently  distinct,  I  think,  from  each.  The  points  of  resem- 
blance have  been  already   noted. 

Carneades  ridiugsiana  Grt. 
187.').  Grt.,  Hull.  lUifV.  Soc.  Nat.,  Sci.  ll,  'Mb,  Ayrotin. 

The  maculation  of  this  species  is  almost  exactly  like  that  of  4.-fientat((, 
but  the  color  is  much  darker.  The  t.  a.  line  is  outwardly  oblicpie  antl 
takes  a  wide  outward  bend  below  vein  1 ;  the  s.  t.  line  is  not  so  strongly 
indented  on  veins  3  and  4;  but  in  all  other  respects  the  primaries  arc 
mark'd  MkG  idcntata.  Secomlaries  yellowish  f  »scous.  Beneath  soiled 
whitish,  powdery.  Head  and  thorax  coucolorjus  with  primaries j  col 
lar  inferiorly  gray. 

Expands  31-o2""" ;  1.25  inches. 

IIabitat. — Colorado,  Arizona,  New  Mexico. 

This  species  except  for  the  much  darker  color,  and  .ahnost  coucolorous 
C03ta  is  identical  in  maculatiou  with  identata  and  dilferent  from  the 
precediiig  species  of  this  section  by  the  complete,  rounded  orbicular. 

!t  is  in  the  series  from  pUajigcra  to  ridinysiantt  that  is  usually  con- 
fused and  which  requires  care  in  separation.  By  close  attention  to  the 
distin  ',tive  characters  given  there  ought  to  be  little  trouble  in  the  ma- 
jority of  ca.ses ;  but  oecasionaMy  an  uiifortuiiate  specimen  will  occur 
which  does  not  agree  with  anything  but  itself  and  which  requires  tact 
to  place. 

Carueades  flavidens  Siiiitli. 

18'7.  Siiiitli,  Proc.  U.  8.  Nat.  Mim.,  x,  4.').''),  Ayrotis. 

Dark  blackish  fuscous ;  costa  yellowish;  submedian  dash  yellow,  and 
very  distimit;  s.  t.  space  powdered  with  white,  paler.  fJasal  line  indi- 
cated by  black  spots  on  median  vein ;  t.  a.  liue  geminate,  distinct  below 
subcostal,  outwardly  curved  to  inner  vein,  then  veiy  obli(]ue  outwardly 
to  inner  margin.  T.  p.  line  single,  lunulate,  interrupted  by  the  yellow 
8.  m.dash ;  its  course  almost  parallel  with  outer  margin.  8.  t.  line  nar- 
row, coucolorous,  uuirked  by  a  vow  of  internal  black  spots  and  indented 
by  the  usual  pale  streaks  on  veins  3  and  1,  and  (i  and  7,  the  latter  con- 
Huent  and  forming  a  pale  patch.  Ordinary  spots  distinct,  normal ;  nar- 
^'  rowly  detined  with  black,  within  annulate  with  yellow  centced  with 


dai 

out 

tov 

po 

In 

or 

sib 


■I'. a 
chi 
arji 


mi. 

\  in  bhuk. 
to  the  t.  p. 
iiiles.  Sul»- 
iscous,  witii 
li  a  darker 
V  inferioilv 


il  jtlaf/iffvrn 
i  of  lesein- 


f  i(lentat(tj 
bliqiie  and 
so  strongly 
inaries  are 
eatb  soiled 
aries;  col 


)ncolorous 
t  from  the 
orbicular, 
ually  coil- 
ion  to  the 
n  the  ma- 
iVill  occur 
uires  tact 


How,  and 
line  indi- 
ict  below 
utwardly 
ie  yellow 
linenar- 
indented 
itter  con- 
i)al;  nar- 
'»ed  with 


REVISION    OF    Sl'ECIES   OF    THE    GENUS   AGROTIS. 


143 


dark  buff.  Olaviform  very  lonff,  extending  to  luiddte  of  wing,  narrowly 
outlined  with  black,  else  concolorous.  Secondarit^s  smoky  fuscous,  paler 
toward  base.  Beneath,  primaries  smoky,  blackish  ;  scccsidaries  paler, 
])0wdery.  Head  and  thorax  concolorous ;  disc  tufted  with  yellowish. 
In  some  specimens  the  yellow  becomes  j)ihkish,  whether  naturally  so 
or  because  the  insect  may  have  been  attected  by  cyanide,  it  is  imi)os- 
sible  to  say. 

Expands  34-30""" ;   1.35-1.45  inches. 

Habitat.— Colorado,  Arizona. 

This  species  has  a  very  strong  superficial  resemblance  lo  siihyothka 
juid  allies,  principally  marked  by  the  very  evident  submedian  dash  and 
''  ng  claviform.  It  however  evidently  belongs  here  by  the  structural 
characters.  The  distinct  yellow  maculation  and  dark  ground  color  sep- 
arates this  from  all  the  preceding  forms. 

Carneades  Qavioollis  .Smith. 

1887.  Smith,  Proc.  U.  S.  Nat.  Mas.,  x,  45(5,  J-jrotk. 

Durk  red  brown ;  all  except  ordinary  spots,  claviform,  basal  space, 
and  terminal  space  darker;  costa  broadly  yellow ;  ordimiiy  sijots  pow- 
dery white.  Submedian  tlash  distinct,  though  not  broad,  yellow.  T. 
a.  line  distinct  below  costal  space,  outwardly  oblique  and  curved  be- 
tween the  veins.  T.  p.  line  lunate,  single,  interrupud  parallel  with 
outer  margin.  S.  t.  lino  even,  distinct,  yellow,  inwardly  marked  by 
sagittate  black  dashes;  usual  dentation  reaching  to  but  not  crossing 
or  greatly  indenting  s.  t.  line.  A  pale  patch  at  apex.  Ordinary  spots 
complete,  uarronly  black  lined,  normal  in  size  and  form.  Secondaries 
smoky  fuscous.  Beneath  with  a  faint  rufous  tinge,  powdery.  Head 
aiul  thorax  concolorous  with  primaries,  collar  inferiorly  yellow. 

Expands  31"'"';  1.25  inches. 

llAiuTAT. — Montana. 

The  uni(iue  type  in  Mr.  Tepper's  collection  is  a  9  ,  but  probably  be- 
longs to  this  group.  The  rounded  ai>ices  of  primaries  well  distin/ruish 
this  species  from  all  others  and  may  iiulicate  ti:  >  t  its  allies  are  elsewhere. 

Carneades  perexcelle   d(jirt. 

1880.  (Jrt.,  Hull    (Judl.  Siirv,,  vi,  I'K!,  Agrolis. 

e.rccUviin  (!rf. 
1875.  (irt.,  TraiiH.  Am.  Eiit.  S( c,  v,  ll.">,  .hjrutin. 
1880.  Urt.,  Iliill.CJeol.  Surv.,  VI,  loC),  ii.  b.  I. 

dovilin  Grt. 
1880.  Grt.,  Hull.  Gfol.  Surv.,  vi,  'AV.t,  Agrotit. 

Blackish  fuscous;  costa,  internal  margin,  a  variably  broad  sub- 
median  dash  and  s.  t.  space  gray,  reddish,  yellow,  or  lilac,  all  the  colors 
very  bright  and  clean.  Apical  patch  always  somewhat  bluish  white 
ordinary  spots  pale ;  white  more  or  less  irrorate  with  yellowish ;  orbic- 
ular oblique,   moderate  in  size,   irregularly  ovate;   reniform   lunate, 


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144 


lULLETIN    38,  UNITED    STATES    NATIONAL    MUSEUM. 


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8omotimo8  narrow,  sometimes  broad,  kidney-sliaped.  Claviform  mod- 
erate, outlined  and  sometimes  lilled  with  black.  T.  a.  line  geminate; 
included  space  pale;  obsolete  on  costa,  au^'ulato  between  veins.  T.  ]). 
line  crenulate,  course  iis  usual  except  that  in  some  specimens  it  is  more 
iiuuirved  beneath  cell.  S.  t.  line  usually  very  distinct,  white  or  yellow, 
sometimes  interrupted,  always  dentate  on  veins  3  and  4,  and 
always  preceded  by  a  row  of  black  sagittate  spots.  Cell  before,  be- 
tween, ami  beyond  ordinary  spots  to  t.  p.  line  black.  A  basal  black 
mark.  Secondaries  pale  fuscous.  Beneath,  variable,  powdery,  with  a 
common  line  and  discal  lunule.  Head  and  thorax  concolorous,  more 
or  less  mixed  with  whatever  the  pale  color  of  primaries  may  be.  Collar 
inferiorlj'  also  i)ale,  limited  above  by  a  black  line. 

Expands  45-J50""" ;  1.80-2  inches. 

Habitat. — Colorado,  Oregon,  Vancouver,  California. 

A  remarkably  pretty  and  well-marked  species,  very  variable  in  color. 
Dovilis  is  based  on  a  large  specimen  in  which  lilac  predominates.  The 
line  series  before  me  proves  its  identity  with  the  normal  form  of  j>erw- 
cellens  in  which  the  pale  colors  are  gray  and  yellowish. 

Group  PITYCIIKOUS. 

Front  lull,  i)roduced  into  a  navel-shaped,  or  wedge  like,  j)ro)ection, 
Antenuai  o*  male  serrate  and  bristled,  of  female  entirely  simple,  rarely 
(uliate.  An  erior  tibia;  spinose,  usually  rather  heavily  armed  at  tip. 
Thoracic  vestiture  often  hairy,  particularly  in  the  male,  seldom  forming 
definite  tufts,  but  tending  to  an  anterior  divi<led  tuft  and  loose  basal 
bunches.  Tl;e  primaries  are  somewinit  variable  in  shape,  but  never 
subequal,  with  rounded  outer  margin  and  ftpices;  usually  they  are 
somewhat  elongate,  regularly  widening  outwardly,  with  rectangular  or 
somewhat  produced  apices.  The  maculation  is  usually  more  or  less 
confused,  often  decidedly  variable,  never  clean  cut  and  distinct.  There 
is  no  really  typical  form  of  marking,  for  everything  tends  to  obsoles- 
cence in  greater  or  less  degree. 

The  genitalia  are  triu*.  to  the  bifurcate  type  of  clasper,  varying  con- 
siderably within  a  very  narrow  limit.  S[)ecial  or  peculiar  nuulitications 
are  noted  under  the  specific  name. 

The  species  of  the  group  are  not  capable  of  separation  into  broad, 
well  marked  .sections,  but  split  uj)  into  little  aggregations  of  from  two 
to  four. 

One  of  the  largest  of  these  series  is  separable  by  u  broad  black  line 
crossing  the  collar. 

liivollaris  has  a  strongly  marked  superficial  resemblance  to  the  ('Mj>/f?rt 
group,  whiiih  indeed  misled  Mr.  Groto  in  his  listing  of  the  species. 
The  structural  characters,  however,  are  typical  of  the  present  group. 
The  color  is  clay  yellow,  the  mai  uhition  rather  iiulefinite. 

lirooha  \h  entirely  dill'erent ;  the  color  is  gray,  with  a  more  or  less 
wai'Uetl  t'lU'ous  isUaclo,  muttleil  witU  Uuo  tvausvevau  strigiu  j  tUe  or'ii- 


^ 


REVISION    OF    Sl'KCIliS    OF    THE    GENUS    AGROTIS. 


145 


nary  lines  obsolete.  The  genitalia  of  the  5  are  peculiar;  the  harpes 
taper  to  a  rather  {leutely  rounded  tip,  the  clasper  is  very  broad  and 
heavy,  the  inferior  branch  very  thick  at  base,  tapering  rather  abruptly 
to  an  acute  tip,  the  upper  branch  slightly  curved,  not  much  longer  thau 
the  inferior,  perceptibly  enlarged  toward  the  tip. 
s,^  Spoma  is  a  rather  uniform,  very  dark  gray  species  with  all  the  macu- 

lation  indistinct.    The  primaries  are  rather  short  and  wide. 

Cogitans  is  luteous  gray,  the  transverse  lines  obvious.  It  differs 
from  all  the  preceding  by  a  tlistinct  black  basal  streak. 

The  three  species,  hoUcmani,  atristriga,  and  biclavis  have  the  black- 
lined  collar,  and  have  the  ordinary  spots  confluent,  neatly  outlined  by 
a  whitish  line.  The  tendency  is  to  a  strigate  type  of  maculatiou,  while 
tiie  transverse  lines  are  obsolete. 

Uollemani  has  dusky  secoiularies,  and  the  primaries  are  dark  ami 
gray.  The  species  is  variable  in  size  and  has  no  contrasts  in  shade  or 
marking. 

Atristriga  has  the  secondaries  white  with  a  broad  dusky  outer  mar- 
gin. The  primaries  have  an  oblique  paler  shade  extending  inward 
from  the  apex,  and  another  extending  inwardly  over  veins  -i  to  4. 

Biclavis  is  pale  gray  with  white  strigations,  and  the  secondaries  are 
white.  These  three  species  are  distinct  from  all  others  in  the  group 
and  easily  separable  inter  se. 

None  of  the  other  species  have  a  black-lined  collar.  Associated  by  the 
dusky  secondaries  and  dark  colors  of  the  primaries  is  a  small  series 
rather  distinctly  separate<l  from  the  other 

PcrpoHfa  is  very  dark  blackish  brown,  .xtmewhut  greasy  in  appejir- 
ance,  and  with  rather  short,  broad  wings.  The  genitalia  of  th(5  male  are 
somewhat  peculiar.  The  hari)es  are  somewhat  coint ous,  the  edges  in- 
curved, the  whole  tapering  to  an  acute  tip.  The  clasper  is  normal,  ex- 
cept that  the  upper  branch  is  rather  more  curved  than  usual. 

Fumalis  isvary  dark  gray ;  the  transverse  lines  distinct,  black,  single; 
t.  p.  stiongly  crenulate.    The  ordinary  spots  are  indefinite. 

Pcrfusea  is  a  smaller  si)ecies,  iiore  fuscous  in  color,  and  with  all  the 
markings  obsolete. 

PoBtoralis  is  a  blackish,  somewhat  roughly  scaled  species,  the  trails- 
verse  lines  not  visible,  the  ordinary  spots  neatly  ])icked  out  with  yellow 
scales.  From  the  range  of  viiriation  note«l  in  a  series  of  bred  speci- 
mens  of  my  in/clix,  there  is  a  possibility  that  it  may  prove  but  a  strongly 
marked  form  of  pastoralis,  though  the  typical  forui  is  close  to  pcrejcvd- 
lens  in  appearance. 

Finis  is  a  smaller,  somewhat  narrower  winged,  and  rather  paler  spe- 
cies. The  linos  and  (udinary  spots  are  all  distinct,  and  there  is  a  red 
brown  shade  through  sub-basal  and  s.  t.  spa(!e. 

Velleripcnnis  with  black  primaries  is  easily  distinguished  by  its  pure 
white  secondaries. 

113045— No.  38 10 


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146 


BULLETIN    38,  UNITED    STATES    NATIONAL    MUSEUM. 


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AtomariH  is  a  close  ally  and  may  possibly  prove  a  race  of  the  preced- 
ing.   The  color  is  paler,  powdery,  the  maculation  usually  distisict. 

Texana  and  gagntes  are  <listinj;;uished  by  somewhat  more  produced 
apictis  of  primaries,  the  coloi's  leaving  the  gray  to  black  tyi)e  and  get- 
ting toward  fuscous  or  brown;  the  secondaries  dusky.  Texana  is  a 
large  species,  the  maculation  fairly  evident,  the  ground  color  varying 
from  a  clay-yellow  shot  with  reddish  to  a  rather  deep  red  brown,  the 
maculation  becoming  indefinite  and  sub  obsolete.  (iagatcH  is  smaller 
narrower-winged,  red  brown,  the  ordinary  spots  always  distinct,  dusky, 
the  transverse  lines  obsolete. 

The  balance  of  the  species  vary  from  a  pale  ash  to  a  darker  shade  of 
the  san)e  color,  mingled  wifU  a  variable  quantity  of  yellow  and  red. 

Three  species  have  ])uro  white  secondaries.  Citricolor  has  bright 
lemon  yellow  primaries,  the  terminal  space  rather  darker.  Misturata,  is 
sordid  luteous,  evenly  colored,  the  ordinary  si)ots  and  transverse  lines 
visible.  Mocrenn  is  a  close  ally  of  citricohr,  but  with  a  paler  rusty 
shade,  the  lines  more  distinct.  This  species  is  omitted  from  the  synop- 
sis because  I  did  not  have  it  for  comparison  when  the  tables  were  made 
up.    It  is  the  type  of  the  genus. 

Four  species  have  the  secondaries  pearly  gray,  somewhat  irridescent. 

Dolis  has  the  primaries  very  [lale,  even  bluish  gray,  the  t.  p.  line  indi- 
cated by  a  row  of  v/hitish,  lunate  spots. 

Scandens  is  a  very  variable  species  in  the  shtule  of  gray,  but  it  is  .al- 
ways distinguishable  by  the  well-defined  s.  t.  line,  which  is  preceded  by 
a  distinct,  darker  shade. 

Choris  ditiers  obviously ;  it  is  of  a  ra+her  dark  shade  of  gray,  i":e 
transverse  lines  rather  even  and  well  defined,  the  ordinary  spots  dis- 
tinct, completely  outlined. 

Remofa  is  paler  with  a  decided  carneous  shade,  the  ordinary  spots  dis- 
tinctly marked. 

In  the  remaining  8i)ecies  the  secondaries  are  dusky  or  fuscous. 

Three  of  the  si)ecies  have  comparatively  narrower,  moderately  elon- 
gate wings,  much  {18  in  the  imme<liately  preceding  forms,  but  narrower 
than  the  other  species  in  the  same  series. 

PitychrouH  varies  in  shade  from  a  rather  pale  clay  yellow  to  rather 
dark  fuscous  gray.  Tiie  median  and  terminal  spsices  are  always  darker, 
the  ordinary  spots  evident  and  discoloroua,  s.  t.  line  even. 

Tnfmvta  is  a  smaUer  species,  clay  yellow,  sordid,  the  median  and  ter- 
minal spaces  darker,  s.  t.  line  very  irregular,  ordiiuiry  spots  not  discol- 
orous. 

Imtcola  is  very  evenly  colored,  sordid  clay  yellow,  with  concolorous 
ordinary  spots.  The  orbicular  is  very  small,  the  s.  t.  line  even,  some- 
what remote  from  outer  margin. 

The  remaining  two  species  are  shorter  and  wider  winged,  the  wings 
more  distinctly  triangular. 

ScrricnntiH  is  an  oclireous  species  with  prominent  s.  t.  line  preceded 
by  a  distinct  dark  shade,  the  remaining  maculation  indistinct. 


4. 


EEVISION    OF   SPECIES   OB"    THE   GENUS    AGROTIS. 


147 


le  preced- 
tinct. 
produced 
i  and  {?et- 
M'ttMrt  is  a 
ir  varyiii^f 

lOWIl,  till' 

in  smalU'r 
Bt,  dusky, 

r  sliade  of 
id  red. 
as  bright 
Isfurata  is 
erse  lines 
iler  rusty 
he  synop- 
r'ere  niade 

ridescent. 
,  line  iudi- 

ut  it  is  ill- 
eceded  by 

pay,  ihe 
pots  dis- 

spots  dis- 

us. 

ely  elon- 
narrower 

to  rather 
s  darker, 

and  ter- 
ot  discol- 

jcolorous 
3U,  some- 
he  wings 
preceded 


Tetrica  is  much  more  evenly  colored,  gray  over  a  luteous  base ;  all  the 
lines  evident,  but  none  distinct. 

As  a  whole,  the  species  in  this  group  are  decidedly  variable,  and 
while  with  care  there  should  be  no  serious  difficulty  in  recognizing  the 
species,  yet  hasty  or  ill-considered  comparison  is  nowhere  more  likely 
to  blunder  than  here.  I  have  endeavored  to  give  the  specilic  peculiarity 
of  each  species,  but  it  must  be  recollected  that  probably  some  of  the 
forms  vary  more  than  even  the  large  material  at  my  command  indicated. 
Single  specimens  should  always  be  very  cautiously  determined  where 
they  are  at  all  oft'  type. 

In  a  more  condensed  form  the  scheme  appears  in  the  following  table: 

SYNOPSIS  OF   Sl'KCIES. 

Collar  with  a  black  traiiHvorse  line  or  Hbade. 
Ordinary  spots  not  continent. 
No  longitudinal  lino  at  base. 

Primaries  Inteons,  niacnlation  indistinct ..itiCOLLARIS, 

Primaries  gray,  costal  space  darker,  niotlled  with  line  traiisverse  stnga, 

itnociiA. 

Primaries  evenly  dark  gray,  wider;  uiacnlation  faint sroNSA, 

A  distinct  longitndinal  black  line. 

Lnteons  gray,  transverse  lines  obvions Cocutans. 

Ordinary  sjtots  eoiiiinent,  jirimaries  strigate. 

Secondaries  dusky,  primaries  dusky,  strigate  with  white iioli.kmani. 

Secondaries  wiiite,  with  a  broad  soiled  outer  margin;  i)rimaries  dusky,  a  pah> 
apical  shade,  and  a  similar  pa^e  shade  below  cell  to  near  outer  mar- 
gin  athistimuata. 

Secondaries  white,  primaries  gray,  strigate  with  white hici.avi.s. 

Collar  concolorous,  without  transverse  black  line  or  shade. 
Primaries  dull  dark  gray  to  black,  secondaries  dusky. 

Primaries  pur|)lisli  black,  ordinary  spots  incompletely  outlined  in  deep  velvety 

black I'HiM'i  )I.ITA. 

Primaries  dt^ep  dark  gray,  transverst^  lines  distinct,  single,  t.  p.  creuulatc;  ordi- 
nary spots  iiuletinite i  L'mai.is. 

More  fuscous,  nuiculati(ui  all  siibobsolete I'KKI'L'sca. 

Blackisii,  lines  obsolete,  ordinary  spots  neatly  delined  by  yellowish  scales, 

rASTOUAIJS. 

Somewhat  paler,  all  nmculition  evident,  a  purplish  sliado  through  bjisal  and 

8.  t.  space riMS. 

Primaries  black,  secondaries  white,  maculation  obselete,  orilinary  spots  nratly 

outlined vr.i.i.iMiiPi.NNis. 

Prinuiries  more  smoky,  secondaries  white,  ordinary  spots  not  distinctly  iMitliued, 

transverse  nuie illation  obvions vioMAiiis. 

I'rimaricH  fuscous  to  brown,  a\iie*!s  produced,  secondaries  tlusky. 

Larger,  wider  winged,  all  nniculation  traceable ii  xana. 

Smaller,  narrower  winged,  transverse  liueswanting,  ordinary  spotsdusky, 

UAUATKS. 

Primaries  varying  from  ash  to  yellow  gray. 
Secoiularies  white. 

Primaries  bright  yellow,  terminal  space  darker,  ordinary  spots  obsolete, 

,  C'ITI!l(,V)l,OK. 

Primaries  even,  luteous;  H|)ots  complete mis rr rata. 

Secondaries  pearly  white  iridescent.  ."  \ 


iii»'' 
iiiii' 
nil 


T 


l|:-'M% 

II:  U'  ^ 
li:tl>>4| 

lit*'   « 

ii.)<'  s 


•a  I 

•  ■..''1 


'^31'  )l , 


II 


I    W1 


148  HULLETIN    38,  UNITED    STATES    NATIONAL    MUSEUM. 

Pi'iinaricM  even,  somewhat  bluish  j^riiy;    t.  ]>.  lino   piiUL'tirui'iii,    the    iioiiits 

lllUatO DOLIS. 

Priiiiurius  yeHowiBh  to  carneoiiH  gray,  inucuhitiun  ohsolcto,  s.  t.  lino  only  dis- 
tinct, marked  l»y  u  darker  precLMlin<^  shade scanokns. 

I'rimaricH  dark  gray,  transverse  lines  and  ordinary  spots  distinct ciiouis, 

Primaries  carn(!ons  j?ray,  pale;  ordinary  spots  disti'.ictly  marked.,  .kkmota. 
Secondaries  dnsky  to  blackish. 
Narrower  winged. 
Clay  yellow  or  paler  to  dark  fuscous  gray,  median  and  terminal  spaces  darker, 

ordinary  spots  distinct,  pale;  s.  t.  line  oven I'lTYCiilJuHs. 

Smaller,  lutcous;  median  and  terminal  spaces  darker,   ordinary  spots  con- 

eolorons,  s.  t.  line  very  uneven IKFIJacta. 

Even,  luteous;  all  macnlation  traceable,  but  faint;  t.  ji.  line  very  evenly 
crenulate;  s.  t.  lino  rathor  even,  somewhat  remote  from  margin, 

LUTKOLA. 

Wider  winged,  the  primaries  comparatively  .shorter,  more  trigonate. 

Primaries  reddish  ocherous,  s.  t.  line  very  distinct,  marked  by  a  darker  pre- 
ceding shade;  t.  p.  line  punctiform skukicoknis. 

Primaries  luteous,  shaded  with  gray,  very  oven ;  s.  t.  line  indefinite,  macnla- 
tion el.se  percei>tibly  marked    TKTUICa. 

Canieades  bicoUaris  Grt. 

1878.  Grt.,  RuU.  Geol.  Surv.,  iv,  17:?,  174,  Atjrotis. 
188:5.  Grt.,  Proc.  Am.  Phil.  Soc,  xxi,  155,  AgroHs. 

Grayisli  luteous,  souietiraes  with  a  retldisU  sLade,  all  niaculations  in- 
distinct. T.  a.  line  geminate,  slightly  oblique  outwardly,  barely  waved 
between  veins.  T.  p.  line  sinuate,  rather  obsoletely  geminate.  S.  t.  line 
sinuate,  slightly  paler,  relieved  by  a  preceding,  somewhat  darker  shade, 
variably  distinct  and  comi)lete.  Ordinary  spots  more  or  less  completely 
defined,  concolorous  or  with  a  somewhat  dusky  shade,  rarely  orbifjular 
entirely  obsolete.  Claviform  with  a  bare  trace  in  one  specimen,  usually 
obsolete.  Secondaries  fuscous.  Beneath  yellow  fuscous,  powdery;  a 
variably  evident  common  line  and  distinct  discal  spot.  Head  and 
thorax  concolorous,  collar  with  a  broad  black  line. 

Expands  33-37"'"";  1.30-l.oO  inches. 

riABiTAT. — California,  Arizomi,  Nevada. 

This  species  has  a  certain  false  air  of  the  cupida  group  that  misled 
]\Ir.  Grote  in  his  description  of  the  species  and  in  his  subsequent  arange- 
ments  and  lists. 

Two  9  specimens  from  Arizona  agree  with  typical  California  speci- 
mens in  structure  and  in  detail  of  macnlation,  but  the  color  is  much 
ujore  even,  shot  with  reddish,!' id  the  primaries  have  the  »)uter  ?iiargin 
evidently  niore  obliciue.    Possibly  with  a  larger  material  this  form  uiay 

prove  distinct. 

Carueades  brocha  Morr. 

1875.  Morr.,  Proc.  Ac.  Nat.  Sci.  Phil.,  1875,  50,  Jyrotis. 

hochiiH  Morr. 
1871.   Morr.,  Proc.  Host.  Soc.  N.  If.,  XVH,  l(!:i,  Aijroiis. 

Somewhat  b!(Msh  gray,  the  costa  and  outer  margin  shaded  with 
brownioh,  tho  wing  nmrked  with  narrow,  irregular  brown  striga.    Trans- 


REVISION   OF   SPECIES   OP   THE   GENUS    AOROTIS. 


149 


t.  liuu 


,. 


verse  lines  obsolete;  tlie  t.  p.  line  punctiform,  dots  venuhir.  Claviforni 
wanting.  Ordinary  spots  indelinite.  Orbicular  usually  wanting  or  ob- 
solete; reniform  dusky  lunate;  a  somewliat  indefinite  median  shade 
crosses  the  median  space  over  reniform.  Secondaries  white,  narrowly 
margined  with  dusky.  Beneath,  white,  powdery,  a  common  dusky 
transverse  line  and  discal  spot;  the  line  on  secondaries  punctilbrra. 
Thorax  and  head  concolorous,  collar  broadly  dark  brown  inl'eriorly. 

Expands  37""";  1.5  inches. 

Habitat. — Colorado,  Nebraska,  Nevada,  Kansas. 

A  distinct  species  easily  recognizable  by  the  strigate  transverse  mot- 
tling of  primaries,  entirely  different  from  anything  else  in  the  group. 

Carneades  sponsa  Smith. 

1887.  Sniitli,  Proc.  U.  S.  Nat.  Miis.,  x,  4r)7,  Agrotis. 

Very  dark  gray,  the  lines  and  ornamentation  obsolete.  The  lines  ap- 
parently geminate ;  t.  a.  line  wavy ;  others  not  tr.aceable.  The  ordinary 
spots  are  just  sufficiently  indicated  to  prove  them  of  or<linary  size  and 
shape.  Secondaries  fuscous.  Beneath  paler,  more  fuscous  gray,  with 
a  darker  common  line  and  discal  spot.  Dead  and  thorax  concolorous; 
collar  with  a  median  distinct  black  line. 

Expands  32""" ;  1.25  inches. 

Habitat. — Washington. 

A  single  9  specimen.  The  species  is  much  like  pcrfnsca,  but  differs 
by  the  distinct  black  lino  ol  collar  and  the  somewhat  shorter,  more  ob- 
tuse primaries.  Tl>e  ground  color  also  is  a  distincit  gray  rather  than  fus- 
cous, and  I  have  no  question  as  to  the  specific  distinctness  of  this  form. 

Carneades  cogitaus  Smith. 

1800.  Smith,  Trans.  Am.  Ent.  Soc,  xvii,  4(5,  Ayrotia. 
General  color  ashen  gray  with  a  slight  luteous  tint.  Head  and  thorax 
unicolorous ;  collar  with  a  median  transverse  black  Mne.  Primaries  in 
some  specimens  with  fine  blackish  powderings,  usually  very  even  and 
smoothly  colored  without  shadings  or  contrasts  of  any  kind.  Basal  line 
in  a  fully  marked  specimen  geminate,  distinct  on  costa  and  traceable  to 
the  biisal  dash ;  in  other  specimc  s  it  is  entirely  ol)solete.  T.  a.  lino 
geminate,  the  two  lines  equillv  .stincit,  strongly  oblique  outwardly  and 
outcurved  in  the  interspaces;  sometimes  almost  entirely  obsolete.  T. 
p.  line  single,  fine,  crenulate,,  strongly  out<Mirved  over  cell,  and  then 
almost  parallel  with  the  outer  niargiii ;  in  some  specimen  i  nearly  obso- 
lete, but  generally  traceaole.  S.  t.  line  usually  entirely  wanting,  rarely 
indi  .ated  by  a  vague  dusky  shading.  A  series  of  black  terminal  lunules. 
A  distinct  narrow  longitudinal  basal  lino  to  the  t.  a.  line,  beyond  which 
the  cla^iform  is  more  or  less  indeQnitely  marked  wi  'i  a  few  black  scales. 
Orbicular  concolorous,  slightly  ovate,  usually  distinctly  outlined  in  black, 
sometimes  with  a  preceding  black  line,  sometimes  with  a  narrow  line 
connecting  it  with  the  reniform.    The  reniform  is  inwardly  well  defined 


ltll«l| 
Hi  kin  1 

II:  Ws 

irip;- 

l.ui 

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loO 


BILLETIN 


38,  UNITED    STATES    NATIONAL    MUSEUM. 


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1     "•' 

f    .  ,.- 
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by  a  curved  Mack  line,  outwardly  vague  and  indefinite,  but  usually 
traceable.  Secondaries  in  the  male  pearly  with  a  smoky  tinge;  in  the 
female  somewhat  darker.  Beneath  white,  powdery,  with  a  variably 
distinct  outer  line  and  discal  spot  to  all  wings. 

Expands  38-44""" ;  1.50-1.75  inches. 

Habitat. — California  (Neumoegen). 

Four  specimens  $  and  9  are  before  me,  no  two  of  which  are  alike 
and  which  yet  vary  very  slightly.  The  transverse  lines  are  more  or 
less  obsolete,  and  the  concolorous  ordinary  spots  with  their  narrow 
black  outline  and  markings  are  somewhat  variable  in  shape  and  in 
tlieir  relations  to  each  other.  In  tyi>o  of  marking  there  is  a  curious  re- 
semblance to  clandestina,  but  the  coloration  and  wing  form  are  quite 
different.  The  thoracic  tufting  is  not  distinct,  but  is  well  indicated. 
The  vestiture  is  rather  loose. 

Carneades  boUemani  Grt. 

1S7I.  Grt.,  Can.  Ent..,  vi,  loli,  Agrotis. 

Fuscous,  more  or  less  irrorate  or  strigate  with  white;  costfil  space 
usually  distinctly  white;  the  terminal  space  is  darker,  strongly  in- 
dented on  some  veins,  .'J  and  4  particularly,  by  white  streaks.  A  dis- 
tinct basal  black  streak,  invading  the  cell  and  surrounding  the  white 
conHuent,  somewhat  bottle  shaped,  ordinary  spots,  claviforra  narrowly 
outlined  with  black.  All  transverse  lines  obsolete.  Secondaries  fus- 
cous. Beneath  i)aler,  ]towdery,  with  indefined  discal  spots.  Head  and 
thorax  concolorous;   coii.ir  with  a  broad  black  shade. 

Expands  31-3G'""';  1.20-1.40  inches. 

ITabttat. — California;  Arizona;  Colorado. 

A  uniquely-marked  species,  resembling  lagcna  of  an  entirely  differ- 
ent group.  The  confluent  ordinary  spots,  combined  somewhat  more 
gourd  than  bottle-shaped,  and  the  white  strigate  maculation  is  entirely 
unique  in  the  structurally  <allie<l  species.  The  anterior  tibia  is  less 
heavily  armed  at  tip  than  most  species  of  the  group.  It  somewhat 
resembles  inscrtans  of  the  preceding  group,  but  differs  in  the  group 
characters. 

Carneades  atristrigata  sp.  nov, 

Ashen  gray,  black  powdered;  collar  with  a  black  transverse  line. 
Primaries  heavily  black  powdered,  all  the  transverse  maculation  obso- 
lete. OrbiciMar  elongate,  narrow,  fused  with  the  small,  upright  reni- 
form,  also  all  the  normal  maculation  absent.  A  paler  shade  runs  from 
the  end  of  the  cell  to  the  apex,  and  veins  3  and  4  are  white  marked 
nearly  to  the  margin,  lightening  that  region.  The  fringes  are  cut  with 
white.    Secondaries  white,  with  a  broad,  soiled  outer  margin. 

Expands  30"'"';  1.20  inches. 

Habitat. — Northwest  British  Columbia. 

The  ordinary  spots  are  small  and  scarcely  distiuct.    The  specimen  is 


REVISION   OF   SPECIES    OP   THE   GENUS   AGROTIS. 


151 


a  poor  oue  and  badly  rubbed,  and  would  not  have  been  described  but 
tliat  it  was  a  male,  with  the  allinities  so  distinct  as  to  render  its  recog- 
nition certain  should  other  specim'ens  bo  turned  up. 


. 


Carneades  biclavis  Grt. 

1879.  Grt.,  Bull.  Geol.  Siirv.,  V,  20(i,  Agrotia. 
1882.  Grt.,  111.  Essay  W^,  PI.  i,  f.  12,  Ai/rotis. 

Color  of  primaries  pale  yellowish  jjray.  Ordinary  spots  fused;  the 
white  orbicular  lyinjj  on  the  cell  and  enterinjj  the  uprifjht  reniform, 
which  is  more  angulato  and  less  bent  than  in  lagena,  and  centrally 
stained  with  ochreous;  the  ordinary  spots  edged  with  black,  except 
superiorly.  A  black  ba.sal  dash  extends  into  the  long,  whitish  and 
prominent  claviform,  finely  edged  with  fuscous.  Median  lines  oblit- 
erate. S.  t.  line  indicated  by  a  curv^ed  series  of  interspaceal  black 
marks.  Veins  inconspicuously  and  fliielj'  marked  in  white.  Second- 
aries pure  white.  Beneath  white,  slightly  fuscous  on  the  cell.  Thorax 
whitish  gray. 

Expands  31""";  1.25  inches. 

llAiiiTAT. — Arizona. 

This  species  is  unknown  to  me  in  nature,  but  its  resemblance  to 
hollemani  is  so  marked  that  it  can  be  referred  nowhere  else.  Mr.  Grote 
fortunately  gives  antenual  structure  of  the  S  which  makes  the  refer- 
ence more  i)ositive. 

Carneades  perpolita  Morr. 

1H7(;.  Morr.,  Proc.  Host.  Soc.  Nut.  Hist.,  xviii,  237,  Jgrotia. 
1878.  Lint.,  Eiit.  Coiit.,  iv,  12:5,  Agrolin. 

Deep  shining  blackish  brown,  transverse  lines  <.b.solete,  ordinary  spots 
concolorous,  outlined  by  narrow  black  lines ;  variable  in  shape  and  occa- 
sionally connected  or  even  contlueut.  Secoiularies  smoky  fuscous,  i)aler 
at  base.  Beneath  smoky,  the  costal  and  <mter  margins  of  both  wings 
darker.    A  distinct  discal  lunule.     Head  and  thorax  concolorous. 

Expands  34-37"'"';  1.35-1.50  inches. 

IlABiTAT.— Northern,  Eastern,  au«l  Middle  States,  Maine,  New  York. 

A  very  simply  marked  s[)ecies,  and  once  sectionally  placed  entirelj' 
unmistakable.  I  have  the  type,  which  is  the  largest  si)ecimen  1  have 
seen,  and  which  has  a  distinct  brown  tint,  less  evident  in  the  other  speci- 
mens. It  seems  rare,  and  most  of  the  specimens  seen  by  me  have  come 
either  from  Mrs.  Feruald  or  from  Mr.  Hill. 

Carneades  fumalis  Grt. 

187:}.  Gr!.,  Buff.  Bull.,  i,  98,  A,jroUH. 

1878.  Grt.,  Bull.  Geol.  Surv,,  IV,  174,  Agroth. 

pcnniinda  Morr. 
1874.  Morr.,  Proc.  Boat.  Soe.  Nat.  Hist.,  xvii,  lCt^^,  Agroliii. 

Dark  ash-gray,  uuicolorous;  transverse  lines  distinct,  apparently 
simple.    T.  a.  line  outwardly  oblique,  curved  between  veins,  and  be- 


IIHAl 


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I  Ml 

i  ►•'■ 

■  ■n- 


152 


BULLETIN    38,  UNITED    STATES    NATIONAL    MUSEUM. 


,'H 


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1    .311 

( 

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I 

f 

I  » 


neath  vein  one  making  a  lonjjer  outward  reach,  groatly  contracting  tbe 
median  space.  T.  p.  line  strongly  dentate,  its  course  nearly  parallel  to 
the  outer  margin.  S.  t.  line  obsolete;  claviform  wanting;  orbicular 
obsolete,  or  very  faintly  defined;  reniforni  dusky,  indefinite,  lunate. 
Secondaries  smoky  fuscous,  somewhat  paler  at  base.  A  <listinct  discal 
Innule.  Beneath  dusky,  secondaries  paler,  powdery ;  a  distinct  com- 
mon darker  line  and  discal  lunule.    liead  aud  thorax  concolorous. 

Expands  34-30""" ;  1.35-1.45  inches. 

Habitat. — Canada,  New  York,  Massachusetts,  Maine,  District  of  Co- 
lumbiii,  Northern,  Middle,  and  Eastern  States. 

Very  distinct  bj'  the  dark  ash-gray  color  and  the  blackish  single  very 
irregular  transverse  lines.  The  species  is  fonn<l  not  commonly  through- 
out the  Middle  and  Eastern  States,  westward  to  the  Mississii)pi. 

The  reference  of  permunda  Morr.  to  this  species  is  made  on  the  faith 
of  a  specimen  so  named  in  the  Meske  collection,  and  there  is  nothing 
in  the  description  which  does  not  perfectly  .accord  with  this  reference. 

Carueades  perfuses  Ort. 
188:5.  Grt.,  Papilio,  in,  77,  Agrotis. 

Uniformly  dark  fuscous,  all  the  markings  obsolete.  Ordinarj'  spots 
concolorous,  moderate;  orbicular  round,  reniforni  wide;  both  marked 
by  whitish  scales.  Secondaries  yellowish  fuscous.  Beneath  paler;  sec- 
ondaries with  two  shjide  bands  and  discal  mark.  Head  and  thorax  con- 
colorous. 

Expands  33"'"' ;  1.30  inches. 

Habitat — California,  Colorado,  Arizona. 

An  obscurely  niarked  8i)ecies,  comjiared  to  messoria,  but  none  of  the 
markings  are  evident.  It  is  somewhat  variable  in  color,  the  Colorado 
specimen  being  rather  more  grayish.  It  has  been  sufliciently  dis- 
tinguished from  sponfia  to  which  it  is  perhajts  most  nearly  allied.  This 
is  sometimes  a  confusing  species.  The  lines  are  occasionally  somewhat 
evident  and  the  messoria  resemblance  may  become  marked  enough  to 
create  doubt. 

Carneades  pastoralis  Orf. 

187r).  Grt.,  Can,  Enl  ,  vir,  (18,  .U/roliH. 
Dark  fuscous  to  dull  black,  occasionally  slightly  powdered  with  gray ; 
the  ornamentation  variably  indistinct,  never  entirely  complete.  Trans- 
verse lines  geminate;  t.  a.  upright,  but  little  curved  between  veins; 
most  distinctly  so  beneath  vein  1;  t.  p.  line  very  eveidy  curved,  par- 
allel with  outf;r  margin,  slightly  lunulate.  S.  t.  line  pale  powdery,  very 
indistinct;  sometimes  marked  by  indistinctly  darker  sagittate  niarks. 
Ordinary  spots  always  defined,  somewhat  variable  in  size  aud  shape; 
narrowly  outlined  in  black,  then  annulate  with  yellow ;  the  annuli  vari- 
ably distinct  and  sometimes  consisting  only  of  scattered  scales;  the 
center  is  concolorous;  usujilly  the  spots  are  normal  in  size  and  shape, 


th| 
(ml 
inc 

GUI 


nol 


pal 


M. 


REVISION   OF   SPECIES   OF   THE   GENUS   AGROTIS. 


inp, 


acting  tbe 
[)arallel  to 
orbicular 
;e,  Innate, 
net  diseal 
;inct  eom- 
rous. 

rict  of  Co- 

ngle  very 
through- 
pi. 

the  faith 
i  nothing 
eference. 


ry  spots 

marked 

ler;  sec- 

rax  con- 


i  of  the 
olorado 
tly  dis- 
This 
iiewhat 
)ngh  to 


STay ; 
Trans- 
veins; 
1,  par- 
very 
narks, 
hape ; 
vari- 
;  the 
hape, 


though  sometimes  smaller.  Claviform  short,  narrow,  outlined.  Sec- 
ondaries smoky,  base  paler.  Beneath  pale,  powdered  with  dusky ;  an 
incomplete  common  line  and  discal  lumde.  Ilead  and  thorax  concolor- 
ous,  mixed  with  a  few  yellowish  scales. 

Expands  34-;i7""" ;  1.35-1.50  inches. 

Habitat— Vancouver,  Colorado,  Arizona,  Washington,  Nevada; 
northwestern  British  Columbia. 

This  is  a  somewhat  narrow-winged  species,  very  variable  within  com- 
paratively wide  linnts,  and  yet  at  the  same  time  recognizable  from  the 
fact  that  there  is  no  other  structurally  allied  species  with  which  it  can 
easily  be  confounded.  A  series  of  specimens  from  northwestern  Brit- 
ish Columbia,  which  I  refer  here  show  an  almost  immaculate  form, 
varying  to  one  in  which  the  ordinary  spots  are  yellow  powdered ;  in  none 
of  the  specimens  .are  the  transverse  line  at  all  trace.ablo,  yet  I  can 
scarcely  consider  it  a  distinct  species.  The  black  form  of  in/elix  to 
which  attention  has  been  already  drawn,  may  ultimately  prove  to  con- 
nect the  two  names  into  the  most  widely  variant  species  known  to  me. 

Carneades  finis  Smith. 

1887.  Smith,  Proc.  U.  S.  Nat.  Mua.,  x,  457,  Agrolis. 

Sordid  brownish  fuscous,  a  more  distinctly  rusty  brown  shade  in  sub- 
basal  and  s.  t.  space.  Transverse  lines  geminate  variably  distinct,  but 
evident  in  all  observed  specimens.  T.  a.  line  oblique,  outwardly  curved 
between  veins,  not  more  prominently  beneath  vein  1.  T.  p.  line  even, 
slightly  crenulate,  parallel  with  outer  margin.  S.  t.  line  pale,  narrow, 
very  slightly  and  irregularly  sinuate.  Claviform  concolorous,  sliort, 
evidently  outlined.  Ordinary  spots  rather  large ;  orbiculiM*  round,  red- 
dish gray,  powdery;  reniform  kidney  shaped,  narrowly  annulate  with 
yellow,  the  .yellow  somewhat  encroaching  in  the  middle,  outwardly. 
Secondaries  dull  yellowish  fuscous,  paler  toward  base,  the  veins  and  a 
discal  lunule  dusky.  Beneath  powdery,  more  i)erceptil)ly  toward  apices; 
an  exterior  distinct  dusky  line,  and  dusky  discal  spot,  ilead  and  thorax 
concolorous ;  collar  with  a  transversii  brown  line,  the  patagiic  at  base  of 
primaries  tipped  with  ferruginous. 

Exi)ands  34""" ;  1.35  inches. 

Habitat.— Black  Hills,  ^Montana. 

This  species  is  nearest  to  pastoraUii,  but  is  s?nallcr,  and  the  primaries 
are  more  obtuse.  The  distinct  transverse  lines  arnl  the  well-marked 
brown  shades  in  s.  t.  and  subbasal  spaces  render  it  very  distinctly 
recognizable,  tl;ough  they  somewhat  obscure  the  relationship  to  this 
group. 

Carneades  velleripennis  Grt. 

1874.  Grt.,  fi  Kept.  Peab.  Ac.  Sci.,  25,  Agvotln. 
Smoky  black,  the  transverse  maculation  indistinct  or  entirely  obso- 
lete; the  ordinary  spots  large,  concolorous,  more  or  less  completely 


\\li\ 


II  tun 

i.tr-  a 


ir)4 


BULLETIN    :W,   INITKD    STATES    NATIONAL    MUSKUM. 


(lefiiKMl  by  ii  ,iario\v  doo|)  black  line.  Secondaries  white,  toward  the 
margin  powdered  with  a  few  bhickish  scales.  Beneath,  primaries 
smoky,  i)owdery;  an  evident  discal  dot;  secondaries  white,  along  costal 
margin  pow»lered  with  black ;  a  blackish  iiowdery  discal  lunule.  Head 
and  thorax  concolorons. 

Exi>ands  34-37""" ;  1,35-1.50  inches. 

IlAHiTAT. — Canada,  Middle  and  Eastern  States,  west  to  California. 

Di8tingnishe<l  by  the  almost  nnifornily  black  primaries  and  white 
secojularies.  From  dark  forms  of  pafffnralis  in  whiidi  the  macnlation  is 
obsolete,  this  si>ecies  is  distinguished  by  the  white  secondaries,  and  the 
much  shorter,  more  sttimpy  primaries.  The  species  is  a  very  recog- 
nizable one,  and  not  uncommon  locally. 


(liail 

twcl 

t.lij 

ciitil 

hir 

slij;] 

liis. 

witi 


.31. 'II 
I  ''' 
f  -'I 
I  'I 


It 

I.. 


Carneades  atomaris  Smith. 
1>>!)0.  Sinitl),  TraiiM.  Am.  Eiit.  Soc.  xvil,  47,  .Ujrotia. 

Head,  thorax  and  primaries  deep  smoky  or  blackish  brown.  Palpi 
darker  at  sides,  collar  with  a  tip  of  luteous  scales,  thoracMc  crest  with  aii 
admixture  of  hoary  scales.  Primaries  with  a  luteors  shading  through 
the  centre  of  the  wing.  All  the  maculation  obscure,  iiulistinct,  yet  all 
traceable.  Basal  line  marked  on  costa  only  by  a  geminate  black  spot. 
T.  a.  line  geminate,  sojnetimes  traceable  through  the  cell,  somewhat  oiU- 
curved  between  veins  and  witli  a  long  outcurve  below  the  internal  vein. 
T.  p.  line  geminate,  marked  on  costa,  evenly  outcurved  over  reniform  ; 
inner  line  linely  crenulate,  outer  scarcely  marked,  except  by  the  slightly 
paler  included  shade.  S.  t.  line  paler,  interrupted,  sometimes  almost 
obsolete.  Claviformpresent,  outlined  in  black.  Orbicular  round,  mod- 
erate in  size,  very  indistinctly  outlined.  Reniform  rather  large,  normal 
in  form,  slightly  more  leaden  black,  not  very  delinitely  outlined.  Sec- 
ondaries (  i  ),  par ,  white,  a  narrow  dusky  marginal  line.  Beneath  white, 
powdery,  with  ar.  interrupted  outer  line  and  discal  spot  to  all  wings. 

Expands  31-';."»"'"' ;  l.L'o-l .40  inches. 

Habitat. — California  (Neumoegeu.  Collection  U.  S.  National  Mu- 
seum). 

This  seems  the  California  representative  of  reUeripcnnis  which  is  also 
said  to  occur  there.  A  large  series  in  the  Museum  collection  is  all  ref- 
erable to  this  species.  J  shall  not  be  at  all  surprised,  however,  if  it 
prove  but  a  geographical  race  of  the  Eastern  IVi'-m.  The  ground-color 
is  more  luteous  and  powdery,  and  the  maculation  is  more  distinct  than 
in  its  ally. 

Canieades  texana  Grt. 

18(W.  Ort.,  Pioc.  Ent.  Soc.  Pliil.  ii,  273,  pi.  C,  f.  2,  AgroHs. 
IfHI.  Grt..  I'aiiilio,  I,  \'27  ct  I.'kJ  ?  =  8(Y/t<i<w. 
11^83.  Grt.,  Piipilio,  iii,  17(),  an.  sp.  (list,  mgctum. 

Luteous  to  red  brown:  rather  evenly  colored,  markings  usually  pres- 
ent though  very  variably  distinct,  aiul  never  greatly  contrasting.    Me- 


m. 


UKVLSION    OF    ai'i:CIi:S   op   TIIK    genus   AGItOTIS. 


155 


toward  the 

prinmries 

long  costal 

lie.    Head 


California, 
and  white 
cnlation  is 
^s,  and  the 
ery  recog- 


n.    Palpi 

St  with  an 

g  throngJi 

ct,  yet  all 

aek  8i)ot. 

what  OP  f- 

rnal  vein. 

'enitorni ; 

e  slightly 

s  almost 

nd,  mod- 

,  normal 

ed.     Sec- 

th  white, 

wings. 

)nal  Mu- 

3h  is  also 
is  all  ref- 
ver,  if  it 
md-color 
net  than 


lly  pres- 
g.    Me- 


dian lines  geminate.  T.  a.  line  nearly  upright,  ronndedly  aiigulatt'  1m>- 
tweeu  veins.  T.  p.  line  paralU^l  witli  outer  margin,  somewhat  paler.  H. 
t.  line  very  indelinitely  marked  l>y  the  darker  terminal  spaee,  sometimes 
entirely  obsolete.  Claviform  waiuing,  or  hut  faintly  marked.  Orbicu- 
lar (!oncolorous,  round,  narrowly  defined.  lieniform  large,  dusky, 
slightly  constricted  at  middle  and  marke<l  by  a  slightly  paler  annn- 
liis.  Secondaries,  whitish  to  yellowish  fuscious.  lieueath  ])owdery, 
with  somewhat  darker  discal  8i)ots.     Head  and  thorax  concolorous. 

Expands  40- It""" ;  1.00-1.75  inches. 

llAnrrAT. — Texas  and  Arizona. 

A  large  species,  not  diUicult  of  recognition,  though  variable  in  color. 
The  wings  are  rather  large,  the  outer  margin  obli(pie.  The  species  has 
been  doubtfully  referred  as  synonymous  with  scget urn,  with  wlii(5h  it  has 
little  indeed  in  common.  Seijctmn  is  a  very  distinct  species  allied  in 
markings  to  messoria,  the  antenna,  however,  very  distinctly  bipectinate, 
according  to  my  arrangement  close  to  )//)«//»«.  I  have  seen  no  Ameri- 
can specimens  of  .segetnm,  ami  do  not  believe  that  such  exist. 

Carueades  gagates  Grt. 

187r».  Grt,  Can.  Ent.  vii,  fiH,  Agrotis. 

\mo.  Grt,  IJiill.  II.  S.  Gi'ol.  Stiiv,  vi,  Wi,  Agrotin. 

Red  brown,  the  transverse  maculatiou  olisolete.  Median  lines  indi- 
<tated  by  geminate  spots  on  the  costa.  S.  t.  lino  pale,  narrow,  irregular, 
sometimes  only  marked  by  the  somewhat  darker  terminal  space.  Ordi- 
nary spots  normal  in  size  and  shape,  pale  ringed,  blackish.  Seconda- 
ries, fusco-luteous,  paler  toward  base;  the  veins  and  a  diseal  lunule 
darker.  Bei»eath,  posvdered  with  reddish  and  black,  all  wings  with  an 
evident  discal  spot.     Tlead  and  thorax  concolorous. 

Expands  37-40"'"';  l.oO-l.OO  iru!hes. 

Habitat. — Colorado,  {California. 

Very  readily  distinguished  by  the  brown  color,  the  darker  onlinary 
spots  and  obsolete  transverse  lines.  Mvcept  in  the  de])th  of  ground- 
color I  have  noted  no  appreciable  variation. 

Carneades  citricolor  Grt. 

18H0.  Git.,  Can.  Eiit.  xii,  154,  Atjrolh. 
1H80.  Grt.,  Bull,  (iool.  Siirv.  vi,  KiO,  Ayrotis. 
1883.  Grt.,  Can.  Ent.  xv,  '^(5,  Canieades. 

Lemon  yellow,  terminal  space  and  anteapioal  costal  patch  dusky, 
fuscous  or  brownish.  Transverse  lines  variably  distinct,  geminate.  T. 
a.  line  oblique,  curved  between  veins.  T.  p.  line  about  even  with  outer 
margin,  slightly  lunate  between  veins.  S.  t.  line  very  irregular,  limit- 
ing the  dark  terminal  space.  A  row  of  small  terminal  dots.  Claviform 
wanting.  Orbicular  dusky  indefinite,  more  or  less  completely  ob.solete. 
lieniform  large,  dusky,  indefluite,  but  tending  to  become  inferiorly 


I  IKI 


.1.10  I 


156  BULLETIN    38,  UNITED    STATES    NATIONAL    MUSEUM. 


enlarged.  Secoiularies,  pure  white.  Beneath,  pure  white.  Primarios 
powdered  with  gray  toward  apices,  with  a  distinct  discal  dot.  Head 
and  thorax  concolorous. 

Expands  35-3G""";  1.40-1.45  inches. 

Habitat. — Colorado,  Utah,  Arizona. 

Very  easily  recognized  by  the  bright  lemon-yellow  color  of  primaries 
and  the  pure  white  secondaries  of  both  sexes.    It  scarcely  needs  re 
iteration  that  Mr.  Grote's  reference  of  the  species  to  Carneadeft,  as  a  dis- 
tinct genus,  was  based  upon  ignorance  of  the  variation  of  structure 
peculiar  to  the  genus. 

The  vestiture  io  entirely  hairy. 


Til 

wUitl 
^roJ 
M 
iiwaj 
strul 


m 


It 

i<. 

I*' 
I'M! 


Carueades  misturata  Mnrr. 

Luteona,  with  a  variable  sprinkling  of  black  scales;  veins,  especially 
the  median,  marked  with  white  scales.  Transverse  lines  distinct, 
though  not  contrasting,  geminate.  T.  a.  line  outwardly  oblique,  mod- 
erately curved  between  veins.  T.  p.  line  somewhat  paler,  slightly 
crenulate,  its  course  evenly  parallel  with  outer  margin.  S.  t.  line 
pale,  often  nnirked  only  by  the  slight  ditterence  in  color  between  s.  t. 
and  terminal  spaces,  the  latter  being  darker;  the  line  tolerably  even  ; 
a  row  of  dark  terminal  dots.  Claviform  faintly  indicated.  Ordinary 
spots  concolorous.  Orbicular  small,  round.  Reniform  somewhat  con 
strictedat  the  middle, dilatetl  inferiorly.  Secondaries,  white;  beneath, 
white.  Primaries,  powilered  witii  gray  outwardly,  and  with  a  distinct 
discal  spot,    flead  and  thorax  concolorous. 

Expands  ;34-35""" ;  1.35— 1.40  inches. 

Habitat.— Colorado. 

Resembles  ritrieohr  in  its  pure  white  secondaries,  but  otherwise 
very  distinct.  It  is  hardly  to  be  confouiuled  with  any  species  of  this 
group.  I  (!an  not  find  that  Mr.  Alorrison  has  ever  describetl  this  species. 
It  does  not  seem  to  be  in  Mr. Grote's  list,  and  the  name  in  Mr.  Tepi)er's 
collection,  I  believe,  was  probably  a  MSS.  one,  overlooked  in  publishing. 

Carneades  moerens  Grt. 

188:i.  Grt.,  Can.  Em.,  xv.4,  Carntadeti, 
188:$.  Grt.,  rapilio,  in,  :Ui,  Canicadii.- 

"  Of  a  faded,  rusty  yellowisli  fuscous.  lAwo^  fuscous,  double,  rather 
indistinctly  siiallopod.  Stigmata  concolorous,  the  orbicular  rouml, 
with  (ientral  dark  dot;  tiie  reniform  indistinct,  witii  an  inferior  stain. 
Terminal  space  a  little  darker  than  the  wing.  Collar  with  a  faint 
line.  Thorax  like  fore  wings.  The  untufted  abdomen  yellowish. 
Hind  wings  pale,  with  diffuse  pale  fuscous  s.  t. shading;  a  mesial  line. 
Beneath  pale,  with  a  common  faint  line  and  rather  long  discal  streaks." 

Expands  31""" ;  1.25  incl.  ,3. 

Habitat.— Arizona. 


EUM. 


REVISION    or    SPECIES    OF    THE    GENUS    AGROTIS. 


157 


e.    Prim  alios 
1  dot.     hciui 


of  primarios 
ly  needs  iv- 
t'^M,  asadis- 
of  striicturci 


h  especially 
es  distincf, 
dique,  mod- 
er,  sliyhtly 
8.  t.  line 
etweeu  s.  t. 
rably  even ; 
Ordinary 
lewliat  con 
b;  beneath, 
a  distinct 


otherwise 
ies  of  this 
lis  species. 
r.  Tepper's 
nblishing'. 


>le,  rather 
r  ronnd, 
fior  stain, 
h  u  faint 
r'elh)\viah, 
csial  line, 
streaks." 


Tlie  species  is  not  unlike  pitt,chroHs  in  imiciilation  and  color,  but  lias 
white  secondaries.  It  is  a  close  ally  of  citricolor,  but  with  more  the 
yround-color  of  misturata. 

Mr.  Grote,  in  establishing  his  genus  Cariwades,  seems  not  to  have  been 
aware  how  large  a  propoi-tion  of  the  spocies  of  Agrotin  shared  the 
structural  i)eculiaries  attributed  ij  this  genus. 

Carneades  dolis  Grt. 

1880.  Grt.,  N.  Am.  Ent.,  i,l>l,  Agrolia. 

An  even,  pale  ash  gray,  all  maculation  obsolete.  The  t.  p.  line  only 
is  evident,  white,  single,  interrupted,  somewhat  lunate.  The  s.  t.  line 
is  indicated  by  a  few  white  scales  and  is  app.irently  very  irregular- 
Fringes  of  primaries  with  a  yellowish  line  at  base.  Secondaries  whit- 
ish fuscous,  paler  toward  base;  fringe  white.  Beneath,  white,  powdery, 
a  distinct  discal  dot  and  incomplete  transverse  line  on  each  wing. 
Head  and  thorax  concolorous. 

Expands  37 ;  1.5  inches. 

Habitat. — Colorado. 

Another  species  with  uniformly  gray  primaries  and  yet  not  to  be 
confounded  with  the  rather  unusually  numerous  forms  with  wings 
almost  or  quite  as  evenly  colored.  About  every  group  has  a  species 
with  uniformly  pale  gray  primaries,  and  yet  even  without  reference  to 
the  structural  differences  each  has  a  habitus  so  peculiarly  its  own  that 
there  is  but  little  danger  of  confusion. 

Only  the  unique  type  of  the  species  in  Mr.  Ilulst's  collection  is  thus 
I'ar  known  to.me. 

Mr.  Butler  says  this  species  is  indistinguishable  from  the  Cliera  hiri- 
ria  Ilbu.,  which  occurs  in  the  Alpine  regions  of  Europe;  but  I  can 
scarcely  accei»t  this  conclusion  without  closer  comparison  than  Mr. 
liutler  seems  to  have  made  in  the  £)reparation  of  his  paper. 

CarneadtiS  scaudens  Kilcy. 

18(51).  Ililoy,  lir.st  Rei>t.  Ins.  Mo.,  Tti,  \>\.  1,  f.  '>  and  7,  .iijrolin. 

1874,  Riley,  Hixth  Ropt.  Ins.  .Mo.,  (i,  .iiiiolin. 

187;').  (Jrofo,  IJiilV.  IJiii',  II,  :!it  i  r  mil  nil  nil  la, 

187o.  Iliirv.,  Hull.  ISiill,  ill,  7::,  i>l.  :?,  t.  I,  an  h\).  (list. 

1881.  RiU\v,  fit'ii.  Iiidiw  and  Siiiipl.  to  Mo.  Kept.,  7r>,  Agrotin, 
1881.  Grt.,  Tapilio,  i,  l'J7   :=  m«.s.Mri,(?. 

1HH2.  Riloy,  I'iipilio,  ii,  lit,  an  sp.  tiist. 

188t{.  Saiind.,  Fruit  Inwcts,  107,1'.  Hi.>,  Ayrotiii. 

Ash  gray,  with  various  additions  oi'yclhnv  or  red,  (ihanging  the  tone 
of  ground  color  considerably.  Transverse  lines  marked  by  geminate 
costal  spots,  else  obsolete.  S.  t>  line  prominent,  pale,  interrupted,  sinu- 
ate ;  marked  by  a  preceding  dusky  shade,  varying  from  fuscous  to  r,ar- 
mine,  red  brown.  Orbicular,  often  entirely  «»l»solete,  more  usually  dis- 
tinguishable as  a  rounded  spot  of  the  shade  with  which  the  gray  base 
is  sutfused.  lleniform  usually  perceptibly  delined,of  the  ordiinuy  form 
and  size,  infcriorly  with  a  dusky  shade,  else  concolorous.    Secondaries 


M,,ll 


158  BULLpyriN   38,  UNITED    STATKS    NATIONAL   MUSEUM. 


I! 
(V, 

•  •• 


whitish  witli  a  double  outward  dusky  shade,  aud  a  dusky  discal  spot. 
Beneath  whitish,  powdery,  eadi  winj?  with  a  faint  discal  spot  aud  in- 
complete couuiuui  line.  Head  aiul  thorax  concolorous.  Thoracic  vesli. 
ture,  hair3\ 

Expands  29-37""";  l.la-l.oO  inches. 

HAniTAT.— East  of  Kocky  Mountains. 

A  very  variable  species  in  the  shade  with  which  the  gray  ground 
color  is  suffused.  A  remarkably  large  and  haiuisosne  specimen  from 
Utah  is  shaded  with  a  rich  carmine.  Eastern  specimens  are,  as  a  rule, 
smaller  and  more  yellow  in  color  than  western  examples.  iMx".  Grotc 
has  made  very  persistent  eftorts  to  get  this  species  into  the  synonom.v 
sonunvhere,  but  without  any  remarkable  amount  of  success  heretofore. 

The  early  stages  have  been  described  by  Professor  Riley. 

Carneades  choris  Ilarv. 
If^TCi.  Harv.,  Can.  Eiit.,  viii,  !!7,  .Itjrolin. 

Grayish  fuscous;  rather  evenly  si»rinkled  with  dark  scales,  the  tint 
very  even  aud  smooth  in  appearaiuse;  veins  marked.  Transverse  lines 
rather  broad,  distinct,  geminate,  the  included  space  i)aler.  T.  a.  line 
outwardly  oblique,  very  slightly  wavy ;  t.  j).  line  i)arallel  with  outer 
margin,  rather  even ;  s.  t.  line,  narrow,  pale,  interrupted,  its  course 
siiuuite.  Claviform  outlined.  Ordinary  spots  distinct;  orbicular 
round,  moderate ;  reniform  well  sized,  inferiorly  somewhat  eidarged. 
Secondaries  whitish  with  dusky  external  line.  Beneath  whitish,  })ow- 
dered  with  gray,  a  distinct  discal  lunule  ;  primaries  with  a  dusky  trans- 
verse liiu>. 

Expands  35-37 ;  l.K)(  9  )-1.50(  i  )  inches. 

IlAiUTAT. — Colorado,  Nevada. 

There  is  considerable  difference  between  the  sexes  of  this  species; 
the  (i  is  paler,  the  transverse  lines  unusually  approximates;  s.  t.  line 
subobsolete;  ordinary  spots  paler  ;  the  9  is  darker,  the  transverse  lines 
uormally  separated;  s.  t.  line  distinct,  ordinary  spots  annulate  with 
j)ale,  else  concolorous.  This  is  a  perfectly  distinct  and  well-marked 
Hpecies,  entirely  unlike  any  other  described  form. 

The  specimens  before 'lie  do  not  (juito  agree  with  what  i)r.  Harvey 
says  of  the  species.  Ilis  type  is  a>  <! ,  and,  compiired  with  the  exanii>le 
before  nu',  the  latter  has  the  t.  i».  line  more  evidently  marked  and  the 
orbieulur  is  hardly  elongate,  nor  the  reniform  narrow.  Still  I  do  not 
think  1  have  a  «listin(!t  species. 

Caineades  remota  Smith. 

1890.  Sinitli,  Trans.  Am.  Knt.  Soc,  xvii,   IS,  AyroliH. 

General  (M)lor  a  i>ale,  carneous  gray.     Palpi  blackish  at  sides,  else  head 

and  thorax  immaculate ,  (!on(U)lorous.     Prinuiries  with  a  reildish  sulfa- 

sion  ai)piirent  in  the  nuMlian  s|>aee,  and  the  terminal  space  dusky.     ISa.sal 

line  gemiiuite,  distinct,  brown.    T.  a.  liuegtMiiinate,  incomplete,  slightly 


t 


()Ul 

wl 
to 
res: 
nit 

MCI 

col 

orl 

foi 

in  11 

roj 

reil 

.sh[ 

nel 

Se 

di^ 


EUM. 


REVISION    OF   SPECIES    OF    THE    GENUS    AGROTIS. 


159 


\'  <lis(!al  spot, 
spot  hikI  ill. 
boracic  vesti. 


graj'  groin  1(1 
L'ciiiien  from 
re,  as  a  riiU', 
Mr.  Groto 
e  syiioiioiiiv 
s  heretofore. 


lea,  the  tint 
sverse  lines 
.  T.  a.  line 
with  outer 
!,  its  coursi! 
;  orbicular 
t  enlarged, 
litish,  pow- 
usky  tran.s- 


KS  8pecie«; 
;  s.  t.  line 
averse  lines 
niate  witii 
ell-niarked 

)r.  Harvey 
K"  example 
i'd  anil  tlie 
II  I  do  not 


,  else  head 
lish  suffii- 
.V.  Masai 
0,  slightly 


outcurved  in  the  interspaces.  T.  p.  line  indistinctly  geminate,  as  a 
whole  well  exserted  over  the  reniform  and  thence  rather  evenly  oblique 
to  the.  inner  margin;  inner  part  of  line  tine,  crenulate,  outer  line  rep- 
resented by  venular  dots  distinct  only  below  vein  ;">.  S.  t.  line  indeti- 
iiite,  irregular,  forming  an  outward  curve  on  veins  3  and  o,  and  again 
near  apex  ;  relieved  by  the  dark  terminal  space.  Claviform  sniall,  con- 
colorous,  incompletely  outlined.  Ordinary  spots  paler  ashen  gray ; 
orbicular  outlined  in  black,  obliciue,  somewhat  irregular  oval.  Keui- 
form  large,  kidney-shaped,  narrowly  pale  lined;  incompletely  outlined 
interiorly,  outwardly  with  a  pale,  more  yellowish  blotch.  A  very  nar- 
row, interrupted,  terminal  line.  There  is  a  slightly  deeper  shade  of 
reddish  between  the  ordinary  spots,  but  nothing  like  a  distinct  dark 
shading.  Secondaries  soiled  whitish,  with  a  ilarker  outer  margin.  Be- 
neath, prinuiries  fuscous,  with  i)aler  powdery  outer  and  costal  border. 
Secondaries  paler,  i)0\vdery,  with  au  incomplete  outer  line  and  a  ditt'use 
discal  spot. 

Expands  3r>" "" ;  1.40  inches. 

Habitat. — Sierra  Nevada,  California  (McGlaslian). 

This  is  perhaps  nearest  to  choris,  but  (juite  <listinci  fronj  it.  The 
maculation  is  more  distinct  than  in  any  other  member  of  the  grou|>  so 
far  as  tLe  spots  are  concerned  and  approaches  the  icHnelUtta  group, 
without,  in  the  specimens  before  me,  raising  any  question  as  to  the  pro- 
priety of  referring  the  species  here. 

Carneadea  pitychrous  Grt. 

1873.  Grt.,  Bull'.  IJiill.  i,  S2  Jyiotia. 

pvrsonala  Morr, 
187G.  Morr.,  Proc.  Host.  Soc.  N.  II.,  xvni,  ',';i8,  Afirotin. 
IHfsO.  Gi't.,  Can.  Eiit.  Xli,   187,  pr.  syii. 

Ocher  yellow,  to  dark,  somewhat  bluish  gray  shaded  with  fuscous. 
Median  and  termiiuil  spaces  darker  ;  costa  in  the  more  deeply  <!(»lored 
specinuMis  gray;  Transverse  lines  variably  complete,  olten  subobso- 
lete,  sometimes  very  distinct,  geminate;  t.  a.  line  upright,  obtusely 
angiilated  between  the  veins ;  t.  p.  line  very  even,  parallel  with  outer 
margin.  S.  t.  lino  pale,  usually  rather  ( vt'uly  sinuate,  sometimes 
marked  with  a  pn^cediug  darker  shade,  rarely  slightly  indented  on 
veins.')  and  4.  Claviform  usually  indieati'd,  rarely  conqdete.  Ordi- 
nary spots  usually  well  defined,  orbicular  in  pale  specimens  soinetinu's 
indelinite,  but  usually  paler  than  groundcolor,  renilbrni,  always  defined, 
jialer  than  ground  color,  interiorly  darker.  Often  the  outer  third  of 
median  space  is  perceptibly  darker  than  the  other  i»ortion  and  some- 
times there  is  a  distinct  dark  shade  in  the  cell,  between  tlici  spots. 
Secondaries  dusky  to  blackish,  paler  toward  base;  beneath  whitish; 
j)rimaries  through  center  darker;  a  variably  distinct  common  line  and 
a  dusky  discal  dot.     Head  and  thorax  concolorous. 

Expands  .U-.T)""";  l.'J")-!. 40  inches. 

Habitat. — Canada  and  United  States  east  of  tlie  Mississiiqii, 


\&i 


i.itii 

li;'-   « 


WJ. 


ICO    BULLETIN  :5.s,  UNITED  STATES  NATIONAL  MUSEUM. 


Mm 

I 

I   • 
I 

I  ■' 

I. 
I' 

I* 


A  coiuiuon  and  variable  species  dilliciilt  to  characterize  ex(;ept  by  a 
description  of  individuals.  Common  to  all  fornm  is  the  i)ali!  somewhat 
discolorous  reniform,  the  inferior  portion  du.sky ;  the  general  difference 
in  shade  of  s.  t.  and  terminal  space  is  also  constant,  as  is  the  slighter 
difference  in  shade  in  the  median  space  itself.  About  every  other  char- 
acter varies.  The  extreme  i)ale  form  is  generally  larger,  the  lines 
obsolete,  and  a  tendency  to  a  pale  longitudinal  shade  through  the  mid- 
dle of  the  wing ;  this  1  consider  the  typical  intychrouH  form.  The  other 
extreme  is  snudler,  the  colors  dark,  the  differences  in  shade  decided, 
transverse  lines  complete;  this  is  the  pernonaia  of  Mr.  Morrison,  the 
type  of  which  is  before  me.  Intergrades  of  all  shades  and  sizes  occur, 
and  usually  in  these  intermediate  forms  the  costa  is  distinctly  gray. 
As  a  rule  the  S  is  paler  and  the  secondaries  are  dirty  white,  darker  out- 
wardly. Tlie  thoracic  vestiture  is  very  strongly  intermixed  with  scales. 
This  species  has  been  taken  by  me  in  some  numbers  on  golden-rod  in 
September,  usually  late  in  the  afternoon — from  3  to  0  p.  m.  I  do  not 
remember  taking  it  at  Sugar. 

Caiueades  infracta  Morr. 

1875.  Morr.,  Proc.  lio.st.  Soc.  Nat.  Hist.,  xviii,  115,  Agrotie. 

Fusco-luteous,  median  and  terminal  spaces  darker.  Median  lines 
geminate,  distinct.  T.  a.  line  upright,  but  little  curved  between  veins ; 
t.  p.  line  with  a  wide  outward  angulation  over  cell;  incurved  beneath. 
An  evenly  marked  exterior  shade  from  apex  to  inner  margin  just  inside 
the  s.t.Iine  ;  the latterpale, narrow, and  unusuallyirregnlarand  strongly 
sinuate,  its  course  mostly  through  the  dark  terminal  shade.  Ordinary 
sjjots  concolorous  with  pale  portions  of  wing,  well  defined ;  orbiculiir 
large,  round;  reniform  moderate,  outer  side  strongly  incurved  at  mid- 
dle. Claviform  outlined,  small.  Secondaries  uniform  pale  yellowish 
fuscous.  Ueneath  pale,  powdery,  with  common  dark  line  and  discal 
spot.     Head  and  thorax  concolorous. 

Expands  28""";  1.12  inches. 

II ABITAT.— -Colorado,  Texas. 

A  small  species  with  narrow  primaries ;  not  unlike  some  forms  of 
pitychvom ;  but  the  very  irregular  s.  t.  line  will  serve  to  sei)arate  this 
form. 

CarneadeH  luteola  Siiiitli. 

1H87.  Siiiitli,  rroc.  U.  S.  Nut.  Miin.,  x,  4.'')7,  Agtotin. 

Luteous,  wilii  a  reddish  shade,  and  somewhat  irrorate  with  black ;  a 
darker  shading  to  outer  i>ortion  of  median  space;  entire  terminal  space 
dark.  Transverse  lines  geminate.  IJasal  line  evident.  T.  a.  line 
slightly  obli«iue  outwardly  and  hardly  wavy.  T.  p.  line  with  outer  parts 
distiller  near  costa  only;  inner  portion  distinct,  fine,  evenly  crenulate. 
S.  t.  lino  concolorous,  preceded  by  a  dusky  shade,  its  course  very  even  ; 
the  line  itself  narrow,  and  somewhat  remote  from  outer  margin.    Clavi- 


foj 

inj 

wa 

col 

col 


nt 

vel 

thi 

siJ 
pi\ 


M. 


REVISION    OF   SPECIES    OF   THE    GENUS   AGROTIS. 


IGl 


ifpt  by  a 
somewhat 
differenci' 
le  slighter 
ther  char- 

the  lines 
1  the  luid- 
Tlic  other 
a  decided, 
ri.soii,  the 
zes  occur, 
'tly  gray, 
uker  out- 
ith  scales, 
en  rod  in 

I  do  not 


liau  lines 
en  veins ; 

beneath, 
ist  inside 

strongly 
Ordinary 
orbiculiir 
at  Qiid- 

ellowish 
id  discal 


brnis  of 
ato  this 


ack ;  a 
ril  space 

a.  line 
er  parts 
-Miidate. 
y  even  ; 

Clavi- 


form  obsolete;  orbicular  small,  round,  concolorcus;  reniform  somewhat 
indeifinite,  inferiorly  shaded  with  dusky.  Secondaries  dirty  white,  out- 
wardly dusky.  Beneath  pale,  powdery,  a  reddish  tinge  along  costa;  a 
common  outer  dark  line  and  distinct  discal  spot.  Head  and  thorax 
concolorous. 

Expands  31'"'" ;  1.25  inches. 

Habitat. — Arizona. 

A  sordid,  indefinitely  marked  species,  <listinct,  however,  from  the 
nearly  allied  species;  from  mfraeta  it  differs  by  the  even  s.  t.  line,  and 
very  even  t.  p.  I'ne.  From  the  personata  (orm.  o( pifijchrous  it  differs  by 
the  couBolorous  ordinary  spots  and  very  small  orbicular;  the  median 
space  is  not  darker  and  the  s.  t.  line  is  farther  from  the  margin  than  in 
pitifchrous. 

Caraeades  serricornis  Siiiitb. 
1887.  Smitb,  Proc.  U.  S.  Nat.  Mils.,  x,  458,  Jiji'oHh. 

Reddish  ocherous,  powdery;  s.  t.  line  with  a  distinct  preceding  dark 
shade;  terminal  space  incompletely  dusky.  Basal  and  t.  a.  lines  gem- 
inate; the  latter  slightly  oblicpie,  outwardly  curved  between  veins. 
T.  p.  line  punctiform,  geminate,  the  dots  venular,  small.  S.  t.  line  very 
distinct,  slightly  paler,  but  emphasized  by  the  preceding  dark  shade; 
its  course  irregularly  sinuate.  Claviform  wanting  ;  orbicular  obsolete, 
very  faintly  pale  ringed ;  reniform  dusky,  lunate,  obsoletely  pale  ringed. 
Secondaries  whitish,  outwardly  dusky.  Beneath  pale,  powdered  with 
reddish  and  gray ;  an  indetined  discal  dot  on  each  wing.  Head  and 
thorax  concolorous,  vestiture  mixed. 

Expands  33""";  1.30  inches. 

Habitat. — Southern  California. 

Obviously  distinct  from  anything  else  in  the  group ;  recognizable  by 
the  reddish  shade  to  primaries,  the  very  distinct  s.  t.  lino  and  lunate 
dusky  reniform.  The  primaries  are  comi)aratively  shorter  and  some- 
what l)roader  than  any  other  iSi>ecies  except  i»erhaps  tvtrica. 

Carueades  tetrica  SiiiitL. 

1887.  Siuitli,  Proc.  U.  S.  Nat.  Miw.,  x,  A'tS,  Aijvotis. 

Gray  over  reddish  luteous,  color  very  even ;  all  maculation  intlis- 
tinct;  lines  geminate.  T.  a.  line  upright,  very  even.  T.  p.  line  parallel 
with  outer  margin,  also  remarkably  even.  S.  t.  line  somewhat  paler, 
very  faintly  indicated,  sinuate.  Claviform  wanting,  orbicular  large 
round,  concolorous,  marked  with  black  scales ;  reniform  inferiorly 
dusky,  indefinite,  rather  large  in  size.  Secondaries  dusky,  paler  toward 
base.  Beneath  pale,  powdery,  with  iliscal  lunule  qm  all  wings.  Head 
and  thorax  concolorous ;  vestiture  mixed. 

Expands  35-37"'"';  1.4-1.5  inches. 

JlABiTAT. — Texas,  Nevada, 

auo^o-iNo.  as IX 


UK* 

IU<MlI| 

mnitt 


liliiJ 

lit! 
|tc>. 


162 


BULLETIN    38,  UNITED    STATES    NATIONAL    MUSEUM. 


I  •  ■-  ■ 


t 

t  •■' 

I*' 
rat 


ii!;- 


i 


The  wings  are  rather  wider  than  moat  species  of  the  group.  Tlui 
very  eveu  color  and  the  remarkably  even  median  lines  will  serve  to 
identity  this  form  which  contlicts  with  none  at  all  allied  to  it  in  shape 
of  primaries. 

The  Nevada  si)ecimen  in  Mr.  Tepper's  collection  is  somewhat  darker 

than  those  from  Texas,  and  the  maculation  is  still  more  comi>letely  ob 

solete. 

Groui)  MESSOKIA. 

Anterior  tibiie  spinose,  the  terminal  armature  heavy ;  the  menjber 
itself  somewhat  abbreviated,  flattened  and  broad  toward  tip.  The  front 
full,  tuberculate,  the  projection  centrally  depressed,  or  knob-like  and 
roughened,  granulate.  The  thorax  is  moder.ate,  usually  with  an  indeli- 
nite  posterior  tuft,  occasionally  with  a  divided  anterior  crest,  never 
entirely  untufted.  The  vestiture  is  entirely  hairy  in  some  species, 
mixed  with  flattened  scales  in  others.  The  antenuio  of  the  male  are 
serrate,  the  joints  strongly  bristled.  Primaries  moderate,  the  ai>ices 
at  most  rectangular  and  often  somewhat  produced.  The  distinctive 
feature  characterizing  the  group  is  a  distinct  dark  shade  line  through 
the  median  space,  and  t)ie  species  groui)ed  by  this  character,  though 
colorational  merel  v,  are  closely  allied.  The  genitalia  are  all  of  the  same 
bifurcate  type ;  the  lower  branch  is  stout,  straight,  more  or  less  ta{)er- 
ing  to  the  tip,  variable  in  liMigth  in  the  species ;  the  upper  branch  is 
more  slender,  subcylindrical,  curved,  usually  shorter  than,  but  occa- 
sionally exceeding  the  infer  or  branch  in  length.  The  variation  in  this 
structure  is  so  decidedly  one  of  degree  rather  than  kind,  that  the  figures 
must  be  left  to  explain  the  small  apparent  distinctions. 

The  group  is  divisible  into  two  series,  well  distinguished  at  the  ex- 
tremes, but  closely  approaching  at  the  middle  ;  yet  there  is  little  difti- 
culty  in  most  cases  in  proi)erly  referring  a  species  even  though  it  is  im- 
possible for  nie  to  express  the  diflerence  as  briefly  as  I  should  like. 

The  first  series,  of  which  bostoniensis  tuay  be  considered  ty[)ical,  is 
characterized  by  almost  entirely  hairy  vestiture  of  thorax,  never 
forming  a  distinct  divided  tuft,  but  gathered  usually  into  an  indistinct 
tuft  posteriorly.  The  species  are  of  moderate,  or  large  size,  the  colors 
generally  based  on  a  shade  of  gray  with  various  admixtures  of  yellow 
or  red;  the  apices  of  primaries  are  produced,  the  outer  njargin  oblique. 

The  maculation  in  the  majority  of  species  is  indistinct,  the  median 
shade  being  often  the  most  prominent  feature.  The  ordinary  spots  are 
obsoleteand  indefuiite  except  in  extranw  and  trifuHciata,  which,  however, 
well  agree  in  wing  form  with  the  typical  species.  The  secondaries  ex- 
cept in  the  two  species  above  cited,  and  comom  and  bifasciata,  are  white 
in  the  male,  dusky  in  the  female.  The  four  species  last  cited  are  the 
aberrant  ones  of  the  series.  The  two  former,  however,  as  already 
stated  have  the  wing-form,  while  comosa  has  the  vestiture  entirely 
hairy  and  bifasciata  has  the  ordinary  sj)0ts  obsolete,  the  transverse 
lines  simple. 


m. 


REVISION    OF    SPECIES    OF    THE    GENUS    .AGROTIS, 


163 


■Oil  p.  The 
1  serve  to 
t  in  j^iiape 

Iiat  darker 
l»letely  ob- 


e  member 
Tlie  front 
b-like  an«l 
I  an  indeli- 
est,  never 
e  species, 
i  male  are 
lie  apices 
listinctive 
e  tliroiigli 
m;  tiiough 
r  the  same 
less  taper- 
branch  is 
but  occa- 
ion  in  this 
he  figures 

at  the  ex- 
ttle  ditti- 
h  it  is  im- 
l  like, 
typical,  is 
1.x,    never 
indistinct 
the  colors 
of  .yellow 
I  obli<pie. 
le  median 
spots  are 
however, 
aries  ex- 
are  white 
I  are  the 
already 
entirely 
ausverso 


Of  the  second  series  messoria  is  typical.  The  vestiture  is  very  strongly 
intermixed  with  scales  usually  modified  into  a  distinct,  anterior  divided 
tuft.  The  wings  are  more  equal,  the  outer  margins  not  so  obli(iue,  on 
the  whole,  less  trigouate.  The  secondaries  are  never  white  in  either 
sex.  The  maculation  of  primaries  is  usually  well  marked,  the  t.  p. 
especially,  which  is  strongly  creuulate.  The  ordinary  spots  are  usually 
very  distinctly  outlined  and  well  sized,  aud  where  that  is  not  the  case, 
the  dark  color  of  primaries,  the  resemblance  in  form  and  other  macula- 
tion to  messoria  is  so  striking  that  hesitation  is  not  often  necessary  in 
l)lacing  a  species. 

In  the  subgroup  bostoniensis,  the  tyi)ical  species  is  remarkable  for 
the  dark  color  of  prinuiries,  aud  the  blackish  secondaries  of  the  female. 

Caeiiis,  of  which  muscosa  is  a  synonym,  has  the  gray  of  primaries  suf- 
fused with  reddish,  aud  the  transverse  lines  of  the  same  color. 

Medinlis  replaces  the  reddish  by  yellow  or  white,  the  lines  similar, 
but  evidently  geminate. 

Feniseca  has  the  ground  color  a  pale  luteous,  the  lines  still  more  evi- 
dently geminate  and  becoming  creuate,  showing  an  evident  tendency 
to  the  next  section. 

Ilvtranea  ih  even  darker  in  ground  color  than  bostoniensis,  with  the 
wing  form  of  eixcnis  and  the  transverse  lines  and  ordinary  spots  distinct. 

Trifasciata  resembles  the  preceding  so  much  that  1  at  first  inclined  to 
the  belief  that  they  were  color  varieties;  but  closer  com[>arison  shows 
them  to  be  distinct.  This  species  has  the  primaries  distinctly  red 
brown,  the  orbicular  larger,  and  the  reniformditferently  shaped. 

Bifasciata  is  smaller  than  either  of  the  preceding,  and  nni(jue,  not 
only  in  coloration,  but  also  in  the  broad,  black  aud  closely  approximated 
median  lines.    The  ordinary  spots  are  obsolete. 

Comosa  still  more  strongly  resembles  the  messoria  group,  but  has  the 
vestiture  entirely  hairy,  the  ordinary  spots  obsolete ;  the  color  is  red- 
dish and  the  t.  p.  line  is  very  strongly  denticulated. 

In  the  messoria  series  there  are  two  very  well  marked  divisions  pos- 
sible, based  upon  average  size — a  dillerence  of  about  .20  inches  or  5""" 
separating  them. 

Of  the  larger  species,  three  have  a  distinct  claviform. 

Messoria  is  dark  gray  or  fuscous,  all  the  maculation  very  distinct. 
There  is  some  variation  in  ground  color,  but  on  the  whole  the  species 
is  80  true  to  type,  that  once  known  it  will  scarce  be  again  mistaken. 
Some  species  have  a  reddish  shade  similar  to  the  next. 

RubefactaUs  has  a  distinct  red  cast  to  the  primaries,  a  black  shade 
preceding  the  s.  t.  line,  aud  a  broad,  black  transverse  line  on  collar. 

Fauna  seems  to  follow  most  naturfilly,  though,  from  the  horrible  con- 
dition of  the  type,  it  is  as  much  guess- work  as  anything  else  to  assign 
an  exact  position  to  the  species,  and  the  type  is  the  only  specimen  I 
have  seen.  The  orbicular  is  irregular  and  the  claviform  linear,  acute 
at  til).    The  ground  color  is  pale  red  brown. 


i..ii 
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1G4  KULLETIN   38,  UNITED    STATES    NATIONAL    MUSEUM. 


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Pleuritica  comes  close  to  mexsoria  but  has  a  peculiar  rusty  yellowish 
tiut  to  primaries  which  is  characteristic.  The  resemblance  to  pitychrous 
which  Mr.  Grote  emphasizes  in  his  description  I  entirely  fail  to  see. 
The  si)ecies  does  not  appear  in  the  synopsis  as  1  had  not  recognized  it 
when  that  was  written  and  have  no  specimens  at  hand  now  to  place  it 
properly.    The  remaining  species  of  the  larger  series  lack  the  claviform. 

Brunneigera  is  close  to  rube/actaUs  in  appearance,  but  lacks  the  clavi- 
form, and  tlie  ordinary  spots  are  indistinct. 

IncallUla  is  a  smooth  even  bluish  ash  gray  in  color,  the  niedian  shade 
iiprigiit,  very  broad,  distinct,  dili'use,  contrasting;  lue  secondaries  of 
the  female  blackish. 

Lutukntiis  is  lutcous  in  ground  color,  the  median  shade  narrow, 
vague,  indeflnite;  secondaries  of  female  luteo-fuscous. 

AnnuUpcH  is  a  whitish  gray,  powdery  form  with  a  very  prominent, 
curved  narrow  median  shade. 

MnrdovM  is  one  of  the  handsomest  of  our  species.  The  basal  and  sub- 
terminal  8i)aces  are  a  bright  rusty  red  or  yellow,  the  median  space  a 
fine  blue  gray  more  darkly  shaded  outwardly.  It  is  unique  in  appear- 
ance, and  easily  recognizable. 

QuinqueJlnea  is  a  simply-marked,  fuscous  gray  species  of  rather  even 
color,  with  simple  black  transverse  lines,  dittering  thus  obviously  from 
all  the  other  members  of  the  subseries.  The  remaining  species  of  the 
group  are  smaller  than  any  of  the  preceding ;  not  so  much  absolutely, 
but  habitally,  seeming  slighter  in  most  cases. 

Friabilis  is  a  very  dark  form  in  which  all  the  markings  of  messoria 
are  present,  sometimes  (piite  distinctly.  The  general  tint  is  more  blue 
gray  where  messoria  is  fuscous,  but  otherwise  the  species  might  be  con- 
sidered as  a  dwarfed  form. 

Fuscifjera  is  a  stdl  smaller,  paler  gr  ay,  the  transverse  lines  broad, 
very  distinct  and  somewhat  approximate. 

Orbicularis  is  a  paler,  somewhat  longer  winged  species,  in  which  the 
median  lines,  in  contrast  with  the  preceding,  are  widely  separated. 

Micromjx  is  a  very  short-winged,  robust  species,  of  the  typical  mes- 
soria color  and  general  style  of  maculation,  but  the  lines  fire  indistinct 
and  the  orbicular  is  unusually  large,  gray. 

Inirita  is  well  marked ;  equally  robust  and  short  winged  as  the  pre- 
ceding, the  color  is  a  mixture  of  rust  red  and  black,  the  lines  distinct, 
geminate,  the  included  space  pale;  t.  p.  line  unusually  even.  As  a 
whole,  the  species  of  each  little  group  are  closely  allied,  and  yet  each 
aftbrds  one  or  more  distinctive  characters,  the  knowledge  of  which  ren- 
ders specific  recognition  easy. 


■. 


SYNOPSIS  OF  SPECIES. 


Vcstituro  hairy,  thorax  with  basal  tuft  ouly. 
Secoiularii's,  at  least  of  ^ ,  white ;  primaries  gray  to  yellow 
fjiiuarioa  very  tlaik  gray  |  weUitw  uUado  Uwo  tbo  ouly  ilistiwct  maculation, 

U0ST0NIENSI8. 


REVISION   OF   SPECIES   OP   Tl.   .    GENUS   AGR0TI8.  1G5 

Primaries  carneous  gray;  niaculation  as  lieforo c.knis. 

Primaries  yuIlowiHb  gray  ;  traiisverHe  iiues  more  evident mkihai.is. 

Primaries  pale  luteons;  transverse  lines  geminate,  distinct kkniskca. 

Secondaries  in  both  sexes  dusky ;  colors  variable. 
Ordinary  spots  distinct. 

Primaries  dark  gray ;  reniform  narrow kxtuaxka. 

Primaries  red  brown  ;  reniform  large,  kidney-shaped trikasciata. 

Ordinary  spots  obsidete,  not  distinct. 

Ferrnginons  and  black;  transverse  lines  single,  1)road,  oven,  uiiiisuiilly  approx- 
imate      lUKASCIATA. 

More  uniformly  reddish  ;  transverse  lines  normally  distant,  t.  |>.  strongly  cren- 

iilate coMOHA. 

Vestiture  scaly  or  mixed  ;  thorax  with  divided  anterior  tnft. 
Moderately  large  species;  the  primaries  trigouate,  of  moderate  width. 
Claviform  present. 
Color  dark  gray ;  all  macnlation  distinct;  collar  with  an  indistinct  dusky  line, 

MKSSOKIA. 

Color  reddish;  transverse  line  of  collar  distinct  black ui'Iikkai^tam.s. 

Color  reddish ;  collar  coucolorous,  orbicular  elongate,  irregular kai^na. 

Claviform  wantiug. 
Transverse  lines  geminate. 
Basal  and  median  spaces  not  contrasting  in  color. 
Terminal  sp.-ice  not  darker,   median  shade  ditfuse,  transverse  lines  very 
distinct,  color  reddish  to  gray,  orbicular  nearly  obsolete, 

lUtU.VNM'.KllMJA. 

Terminal  space  and  shade  accompanying  s.  t.  line  distinctly  i>la(;kisli. 
Median  shade  distinct,  upright,  very  broad,  distinct,  diffuse,  (contrasting. 
Ground  citlor  bluish  ash  gray,  smooth;  secoiularies  9  l)liickish, 

IXCALMOA. 

Median  shade  narrow,  vague,  indefinite. 

Ground  color  luteous,  secondaries,  9  luteo-fuscons ;,in'tir,KNTA. 

Median  shade  very  prumiuent,  distinct,  curved,  ratluir  narrow.     Color 

reddish  gray,  powdery anxiimi'I'.s. 

Basal  and  s.  t.  spaces  ferruginous,  contrasting  with  the  ash  gray  median 

space MlIMMICKl. 

Transverse  lines  single,  color  fuscous  gray (iiixeiUKLiXEA, 

Smaller  species. 

Wings  narrower,  more  equal,  the  costa  somewhat  more  (tonvex ;  body  rather 
slight. 
Very  dark  ash  gray,  all  nuicuhation  like  mcssnria,  rather  iudetiiiite.   I'liiAUii.is. 
Jjighter,  nu)re  fuscous  gray  ;  transverse  lines  viu\v  distiiKJt,  soiuewlit  a))pvox- 

Imate ki'scigkija. 

Luteous  gray,  orbicular  whitish,  transverse  lines  unusually  distant, 

ouiiicrt.Aiua. 
Wings  short  and  wide,  form  robust. 
Color  and  macnlation  like  mesaoria,  hwt  indistinct;  orliicular  liugc,  gray; 

reniform  obsolete mK'Hoxvx. 

Blackish  over  ferruginous;  nuiculatiou  distinct;  transverse  liui's  palti ;  t.  p. 
linos  unusually  even inthita. 

Carneades  bostouiensis  Grt. 

1874.  Grt.  Proc.  Ac.  Nat.  Sci.  Phil.,  1874,  203,  Atjrotis. 
187G.  Harv.  Bulf.  Bull.,  ili,  74  pi.  3,  Hg.  7,  AgrotiH. 

Very  dark  ash-gray,  the  lines  and  ordinary  spots  obsolete.    S.  t.  line 
darker,  sinuate,  usually  distinct.    The  soiuewhtit  curved  median  shade 


MttV 


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166 


BULLETIN    38,  UNITED    STATES    NATIONAL    MUSEUM. 


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is  also  (listiiKit  and  crossing,  the  reniforin  is  somewhat  darker  at  that 
point.  Secondaries  $  white,  ?  bhicit.  Beneath  pale,  powdered  with 
blackish  ;  a  distinct  discal  luuule,  and  an  imperfect  extra  discal  line. 

Expands  37-41""" ;  1.50-1.05  inches. 

Habitat. — Middle,  Eastern,  and  Northern  States,  Canada. 

Easily  recognized  by  the  almost  uniform  dark  ash-grsiy  color.  The 
difference  in  color  of  secondaries  in  the  sexes  is  unusual,  and  not  par- 
alleled to  the  same  extent  in  the  genus.    The  vestiture  is  woolly,  long. 

Carueades  caenis  Grt. 

1879.  Ort.  N.  Am.  Ent.,  i,  14,  Agrotis. 

miiacoHa  Grt. 
1H8.'?,  Grt.  Can.  Ent.,  xv,  2().  .iprotia. 
lHri7.  Smith,  Proc.  U.  S.  Nat.  Mas.,  x,  4G0,  pr.  syn. 

Graj-,  suffused  with  reddish;  the  ordinary  spots  concolorous,  very  illy 
defined.  Transverse  liiu's  usually  obsolete ;  in  i)ale  specimens  distinct, 
redbrown,  single.  T.  a.  line  upright,  with  an  outward  curve  below 
vein  1. ;  t.  ji.  line  very  even,  parallel  with  outer  margin ;  s.  t.  line  pale, 
accompanied  by  a  darker  reddish  shade.  The  median  lines  marked  at 
costa  with  di.stinct  geminate  spots;  median  sliades  very  distinct  with  a 
slight  outward  curve;  deeper  brown  in  color.  This  shade  is  distinct, 
even  when  all  other  maculation  is  obsolete.  Secondaries  S  white,  9 
dusky.  Beneath  pale,  powdery  primaries  darkest.  An  indefinite  discal 
lunule. 

Expands  .■i7-44"<'" ;  1.50-1.75  inches. 

IIauit  AT.— Colorado. 

A  very  pretty  and  well-marked  sjjccies:  nmscosa  Grote,  of  which  I 
have  the  type,  is  based  on  a  dark  specimen  in  which  only  the  median 
shade  line  is  distinct.  It  is  a  ?  ,  and  in  all  the  females  the  miiculatiou 
tends  to  become^  obsolete. 

Carneades  medialis  Sntith. 

1R«7.  Smitli,  Prop.  U.  S.  Nat.  Mus.,  X,  459,  Agrotis. 

Grayish  white  to  ocher  yellow,  more  or  less  irrorate  with  black 
scales;  the  transverse  lines  diffuse,  powdery,  dark,  geminate;  s.  t.  lino 
also  rather  broad,  diffuse;  all  the  lines  even  ;  ordinary  spots  dusky,  not 
defined,  traceable;  the  usual  median  dark  shade  is  distinct  in  most 
si>i'cimens.  Secondaries  S  white,  9  dusky;  beneath  white,  sparsely 
])owdered  with  gray;  indefinite  gray  discal  spots  aiul  common  line. 

Expands  37-40  "";  1.5-l.G  inches. 

Hatut  AT.— Texas. 

Seems  not  uncommon  in  Texas  and  is  a  very  distinct  species.  It  was 
in  the  BeltVage  collection  named  muracnula,  but  is  a  very  different 
species.  The  S  specimens  seem  inclined  to  pale  yellowish,  giving  the 
insect  .a  cursory  resemblance  fo  citricolor,  than  which  it  is  much  larger. 


cu 

is 

pr 


REVISION   OF   SPECIES   OV   THE   GENUS   AGROTIS. 


1G7 


Carneades  feniseca  Ilarv. 

1875.  Ilarv.,  BnlV.  H-ill.,  ni,  71,  pi.  :\,  f.  6,  Atjrotis. 
187.').  Grt.,  List  Noctuidw,  25,  J(7»'o<j». 

Grayish  clay  ,y<l low;  tlio  traiKsvor.se  liiui.s  fiiscoihs,  tnoderately  dis- 
tinct, g(  linate;  ba.sal  line  evi«lent;  t.  a.  line  upright  or  but  slightly 
oblique;  but  little  augulate  between  veins;  t.  p.  line  crenulate,  nearly 
])arallel  with  outer  margin  ;  s.  t.  line  (liHu-sed,  indelinite;  ordinary  spots 
concolorous,  illy  defined  ;  size  and  shape  much  as  in  the  preceding  spe- 
cies; claviforni  faintly  indicated  in  some  specimens.  The  median  shade 
is  distinct,  dilt'use.  Secondaries  $  white,  9  dusky;  beneath  as  in  tlie 
])receditjg  si»ecies. 

Expands  ;}4-;}8"  ';  l.-'Jo-Loo  inches. 

IIAIJITAT. — California. 

Distinguished  bj'  its  uniform  luteous  gray  color,  but  otherwise  in 
habitus  very  near  to  the  preceding  species. 

Carneades  extranea  Smith. 

18S7.  Smith,  Proc.  U.  S.  Nat.  Miis.,  x,  451),  Aijrotia. 

Dark  ash  gray;  the  transverse  lines  distinct;  basal  line  evident;  t, 
a.  line  faintly  geminate,  uj)right,  scarcely  lunate  between  veins;  t.  p. 
line  even,  outwardly  curved  over  cell,  inwardly  sli-htly  sinuate  to  hind 
margin.  The  terminal  space  is  somewhat  darker  shaded,  relieving  the 
concolorous,  very  irregular  s.  t.  line.  Median  shade  distinct,  ditl'use, 
outwardly  shaded  so  as  to  reach  the  t.  p.  line  and  thus  darken  the  outer 
third  of  median  space.  Ordinary  spots  concolorous,  distinctly  out- 
lined;  orbicular  sniall,  round;  reniform  elongate,  upright,  rather  nar- 
row; secondaries  9  yellow  fuscous,  of  S  unknown;  beneath  fusco- 
luteous,  |)owdery,  an  indefinite  common  line  and  discal  lunule,  darker. 

Expands  37 " " " ;  l..j  inches. 

Habitat. — Montana. 

A  single  9  specimen  oidy  in  Mr.  Topper's  collection.  It  is  readily 
distinguished  from  all  the  others  of  the  group  by  the  dark  graj-  color, 
the  distinct  ordinary  spot.s,  and  the  outwardly  darker  median  sha<le. 
The  insect  has  a  casual  resemblance  to  the  species  of  Ammaconia  both  in 
maculation  and  wing  form. 


UK 

1)15. 
ii'- 


Carneades  trifasciata  Smith. 
1887.  Smitli,  Proc.  IT.  S.  Nat.  Mus.,  x,  4fiO,  Ai/rotiH. 

Deep  red  brown,  slightly  irrorate  with  bluish  gray;  the  transverse 
lines  black.  Basal  line  evident.  T.  a.  lino  rather  remote  from  base, 
single,  upright,  slightly  irregular.  T.  p.  line  about  parallel  with  outer 
margin,  single,  not  very  even  in  width,  somewhat  powdery.  S.  t.  line 
punctiform  i)ale,  very  even.  Median  shade  darkening  cell  between  or- 
dinary spots,  approximating  t.  p.  line  inferiorly  and  connected  with  it 


1G8 


nULLETIN    38,  UNITED    STATES    NATIONAL    MUSEUM. 


at  inner  margin.  Clavifonn  evident,  very  Hinall.  Ordinary  spots  larjjc, 
orl)icular  round,  not  entirely  defined,  powdered  with  gray;  reniforin 
kidney  shaped,  outlined  with  black,  the  sides  well  marked  with  yellow- 
ish scales.  Secondaries  9  fuscous,  ^,?.  Beneath, smoky,  powdere<l, 
with  reddish  gray;  an  inconspicuous  common  darker  line. 

Expands  37"";  1.5  inches. 

Habitat.— Mount  Hood. 


A  single  ?  specimen  in  Mr.  Tepper's  collection, 
defined,  and  easily  recognized  by  the  color  alone. 


The  species  is  well 


0MK'  III 


r-f^  III 
.S««    111 

I    '    '■ 
(  •■ 
I 

I  ■<> 
It 


l« 


Carneades  bifasciata  Siiiitli. 

IPHT.  Smitli,  Proc.  U.  S.  Nat.  Miih.,  x,  4f)(),  Agrolis. 

Ferrugineous  at  base,  outwardly  shading  into  blackish.  Transverse 
lines  broad,  single,  black,  approximate.  Basal  lino  evident.  T.  a.  line 
evenly  oblique.  T.  p.  line  with  a  wide  outwar  1  curve  over  cell,  then 
running  about  parallel  to  outer  margin.  Me<liau  shade  even,  distinct, 
from  costa  at  inception  of  t.  p.  line  to  hind  margin  at  termination  of 
same  line;  its  course  straight.  Ordinary  spots  obsolete;  traceable,  but 
so  faint  antl  indetinite  as  not  to  be  easily  discerned.  Secondaries  red- 
dish fuscous.  Beneath  fusco-luteous,  powdery,  with  an  indefinite  com- 
mon line  and  discal  lunule. 

JOxpands  35 " "" ;  1.40  inches. 

II  ABIT  AT. — Arizona. 

A  single  $  specimen  from  Mr.  Doll.  The  species  is  so  well  marked 
that  no  difliculty  will  be  found  in  recognizing  it.  It  is  aberrant  for  the 
group  in  which  I  have  placed  it,  but  it  fits  nowhere  else  as  well. 

Carneades  comosa  Morr. 

1870.  Morr.,  Proc.  Bost.  Soe.  N.  II.,  xviii,  i238,  Aijrotla. 

A  rather  i)ale  brick  red ;  the  line  blackish,  stigmata  obsolete.  T.  a. 
line  upright, with  three  outward  scallops,  geminate.  T.  p.  line  single, 
parallel  with  outer  margin,  very  strongly  crenulate.  The  terminal  shade 
is  slightly  darker  and  there  is  a  similar  shade  preceding  and  relieving 
the  concolorous  sinuate  s.  t.  line.  Orbicular  obsolete;  reni form  dusky, 
lunate;  claviform  wanting.  The  median  shade  is  rather  well  defined 
uiuight,  and  nearly  central  both  of  wing  iuid  median  space.  Second- 
aries reddish  fuscous.  Beneath,  powdered  with  redtlish,  an  indefinite 
common  line  and  discal  spot.    Head  aud  thorax  concolorous. 

Expands  37""";  1.5  inches. 

Habitat. — Colorado. 

The  type,  a  S  ,  from  Mr.  Tepper's  collection,  is  in  horrible  condition, 
but  yet  sufliciently  well  marked  to  be  recognizable.  The  vestiture  is 
entirely  hairy  and  the  insect  in  its  present  state  has  some  resemblance 
to  the  Pachnobia  group  of  the  genus. 


J  . 


M. 


REVISION   OF   SPECIES   OF   THE   GENUS   AOKOTIS. 


169 


pots  Isirpfc, 
;  rcnitbriii 
ith  yellow- 
powilered, 


ies  is  well 


ran 8 verse 
T.  ji.  line 
cell,  then 
,  distinct, 
nation  of 
iable,  but 
iries  red- 
iuitecom- 


marked 
it  for  the 
1. 


T.  a. 

3  single, 
al  shade 
elieving 
II  dusky, 
defined 
Second- 
definite 


idition, 
iture  is 
iblance 


Canieades  messoria  lIurriN. 

1841.  IlarriH,  Rcpt.  Ins.  Mass.,  .tgrolh. 

Wt'i.  HarriN,  Iiij.  Insects,  Flint  od.,  til,  .lijroth. 

1885.  Riloy,  Eiit.  Amor.,  i,  170,  Aqroth. 

npiHsa  (ill. 
18.''>2.  Gn.,  Sp.  G.n.  Noct.,  i,  201,  .r</ro/i«. 
1880    Grt.,  Itnll.  (SimiI.  .Sniv.,  vi.  r>(l(i,    iijroth. 
Irtm.  I{iitl.,TriinH.  Knt.  Soc.  Ldud.,  l8Sl>,  :17I),  pr.  H.vn. 

Mpiumi  Wlk.  f  nee.  On. 
IH-V).  Wlk.,  C.  U.  MuH.,  liop.  Hot.,  X,  :W7,  .ff/ro/is. 
1877.  Grt.,  Can.  Ent.,  ix,  iiS,  pr.  8yn. 

lyvanimi  (irt. 
1874.  Grt.,  Can.  Ent.,  vi,  l.'w. 

cochraiii  Riluy. 
18(>8.  Kiloy,  Prairie  Fiirninr,  July,  IHIW,  AgrotlH. 
IHOK.  Riloy,  First  Rept.  Ins.  Mo.,  7r»,  .l(jrotis. 
1874.  Grt.,  Can.  Ent.,  vi,  15r».  pr.  syn. 

1881.  Riloy,  Snpplt.  and  Iiidox  to  Mo.  Rcpt.,  7(i,  pr.  syn. 
1H81.  Grt.,  J'apilio,  i,  120,  pr.  syn. 

1882.  Riloy,  Papilio,  ii,  41,  Ayrotia. 
repfniia  (irt.  and  Rob. 

1808.  Grt.  and  lioli..  Trans.  Am.  Ent.  Sac,  i,  350,  pi.  7,  f.  58,  Aijrolia, 
187:J.  Grt.,  ISntr.  Hull.,  i,  KO,  Aijrnlh. 
1.S7:}.  (Jrt.,  Hnir.  IJnll.,  ll,  .'>:{=  rovhraiu. 
1881.  (Jrt.,  Papilio,  I,  120 -=  Hi<'»so»jfl. 

halniiitin  (Jrt. 
1873.  Grt.,  Buff.  Bull.,  i,  97,  pi.  3,  f.  14,  Ayrotin. 

Dark  ash  grjiy  witli  a  luteoiis  tint,  to  a  somewhat  smoky  red  brown  ; 
the  transverse  lines  always  distinct,  black,  the  ordinary  spots  always 
defined.  T.  a.  line  variable  in  course  and  direction,  and  somewiiat  in 
the  extent  of  the  outward  i.arves  between  veins.  Usually  the  line  is 
oblique.  There  are  two  small  angulations  above  the  median  vein,  and 
two  wide  outward  curves  below.  T.  p.  line  obsoletely  geminate,  crenu- 
late,  parallel  to  outer  margin,  or  somewhat  more  upright.  S.  t.  line 
pale,  sinuate,  marked  by  a  more  or  less  evident  <larker  terminal  and 
s.  t.  shade,  the  latter  narrow.  Tiie  median  shade  is  distinct,  crossing 
outf-r  half  of  renifonn  and  usually  darkening  it  inferiorly,  then 
running  parallel  and  very  close  to  t.  p.  line.  ()rl)i(!ular  round,  con- 
colorous,  distinctly  and  (jompletely  outlined  by  a  narrow  black  line. 
Keniform  large,  kidney-shaped,  the  sides  often  relieved  by  yellowish 
scales.  Claviform  always  obvious,  and  usually  distinct,  of  variable 
size,  but  usually  short.  Secondaries,  9  various  shades  of  smoky  to 
yellowish  fuscous;  i  paler,  often  whitish,  with  darker  outer  margins. 
Beneath  powdery,  with  more  or  less  evident  common  lino  and  discal 
spots.    Thorax  coiicolorous,  collar  with  a  narrow  black  line. 

Expands  31-40""" ;  1.25-1.00  inches. 

Habitat. — United  States  ami  Canada. 

This  species  found  from  Atlantic  to  Pacific,  and  from  Canada  to  the 
Southern  States,  is  at  once  the  most  constant  and  one  of  the  most 


\if 


« 11 


170 


BULLETIN    38,  UNITED    STATES    NATIONAL    MUSEUM. 


.J«l.  1,1 

I     ■  "1 

•   ■ ' 

I       ■  I. 


r 
I  ■' 


variable  of  our  species.  UsuiiUy  the  markings,  ami  especially  tlio 
ordinary  spots,  are  constant  and  prominent,  and  give  the  insect  a  very 
distinctive  appearance.  Rarely  the  orbicular  is  ovate,  and  occasionally 
bottle  shai)ed.  A  tendency  in  sj)ecimens  from  the  West  and  South- 
west is  to  become  suffused  with  reddish,  and  some  western  specimens 
arc  among  the  largest  seen.  One  form,  paler  than  the  tyiucal  speci 
mens,  and  with  a  reddish  tint,  has  been  named  rar.  confraeta.  by  Mr. 
INlorrison  in  Mr.  Tepper's  collection.  I  can  not  11  nd,  however,  that  the 
name  was  ever  published.  A  form  from  Washington  is  decidedly 
reddish,  so  that  it  was  niarked  ^^  rubefacfnUs^^  by  Mr.  Groto;  but  I 
believe  all  these  forms  had  better  remain  under  the  typi(!al  name  until 
large  and  complete  collections  will  warrant  a  sound  Judgment  as  to 
their  specific  or  varietal  standing.  Bakinifk  (jrt.  was  ai)i)lied  to  a 
dark  form,  in  which  the  t.  p.  line  curves  inwardly  below  cell,  and  the 
orbicular  is  small.  S])eciinens  before  me  have  this  peculiarity,  and 
also  the  black  lateral  line  of  abdomen,  nu'utioned  by  Mr.  Grote. 
Conjractn  Morr.,  from  the  same  locality,  shows  these  peci  liarities, 
which  are  not  usually  ])resent  in  eastern  specimens.  A  very  large 
series  l)efore  nu;  proves  the  specifu;  identity  of  all  these  forms. 

Mr.  Grote  suggests  that  the  spism  of  Walker  is  not  the  species  de- 
8(!ribed  by  Gueiiee,  and  I  am  inclined  to  believe  he  is  right.  Mr. 
llufler,  however,  in  the  Trans.  lOnt.  Soc.  London,  for  188!),  positively 
refers  spissa  (in.  to  cocltrani  liiley,  which  ~-  mcssori<i  fJarr.  Un  this 
latter  point  I  can  say  that  I  have  seen  Harris' types  in  the  collection 
of  the  Jloston  Society  of  Natural  History,  and  there  is  no  doubt  wiiat- 
overof  the  identity  of  the  name  with  the  si)ecies  now  current  under  it. 
To  bring  Gueiice's  idea  of  npissa  before  the  student  1  copy  Mr.  Grote's 
translation,  whi(;h  is  sufliciently  accurate: 
^'■Af/rotis  .'ipis/iii  Guen.,  Noet.,  i,  2«)1. 

"This  greatly  resembles  crassa,  but  the  species  is  nuiller  (.'^■5"""),  of  a 
grayishl)rown  testaceous,  the  veins  darker  and  relieved  by  a  slightly 
I)aler  ground,  es])ecially  the  nu^diau  and  its  last  branch;  markings 
like  c><(sm,  but  there  is  a  great  disproportion  between  the  two  stigmata ; 
the  t.  p.  line  forms  a  <lash  entering  below  the  fourth  inferior  nervule, 
and  on  the  inner  margin,  below  tlu^  submedian  vein,  it  is  elongated  in 
such  a  way  as  to  tou(;h  tiie  top  of  the  mark  formed  by  the  extra  basal 
line;  the  cuneiform  marks  of  the  s,  t.  line  are  more  regular  and  more 
equal ;  the  hind  wings  are  darker  and  mow.  uniforuK 

*'Ani.  Sept.  Coll.  Pxlv.     Two  bad  specimens." 


Caineades  pleiuitica  Ort. 
lS7r>.  (Jrl.,  CIiiM'k  LiNi,  \>>7Ct,  JT,      irnlis. 

"  (?  allied  in  structure  an<l  color  to  pitfirhrons,  larger  (40"""),  without 
the  costal  or  other  |>ale  shading,  of  a  uniform  gray  with  a  yellow  brown 
staining.  Orbiculai'  spherical,  gray,  bjaisk  ringed,  with  dark  center, 
larger  than  in  its  ally;  claviform  short,   narrow,  without  the  contiiui- 


REVISION    OF    SPECIES    OF   THE    GENUS    AGROTIS. 


171 


liiilly  the 
'ct  a  very 
;asioiially 
id  South- 
pecimen.s 
cal  speci- 
r.  by  Mr. 
,  that  the 
leciiledly 
e;  but  I 
line  until 
'lit  as  to 
lied  to  a 
and  the 
rity,  and 
Ir.  Grote. 
:iinrities, 
jry  hiTge 

)ecie.s  de- 
fht.  Mr. 
)o.si  lively 

Un  this 
'olleetion 

)t  what- 
under  it. 

(i  rote's 


"'),  of  a 
slightly 
Darkings 
igniata; 
iiervule, 
gated  in 
ra  basal 
id  more 


witliont 

V  brown 

ee  liter, 

ontinu- 


oiis  streaic ;  t,  j).  less  I'aintly  indicated  ;  all  the  lines  geminate;  terminal 
sjiaee  darker  than  the  wing.  Hind  wings  whitish  at  base,  witii  broad 
vague  border;  fringes  white  tipped,  interliiit'd,  whereas  in  pitychrous  they 
!ir(^  pure  white.  Tliorax  eoncolorous  with  primaries;  patagia;  marked 
with  white  on  the  shoulder.  Beneath  ])ale  with  faint  outer  lines  and 
(iisoal  narks;  a  eommon  dark  terminal  marked  line  more  distinct  on 
111  lid  wings.  Tiiere  aro  no  cuneiform  or  vein  markings  before  the  s.  t. 
line  of  jirimaries  in  this  species,  which  is  as  large  as  meHsoria  and  reseni- 
lilcs  dark  specimens  of  pifychrous  in  color.    Canada." 

Tliis  species  puzzled  me  for  some  titne.  To  the  kindness  of  Mr. 
Tiiaxter  I  finally  owed  sight  of  the  sp(';-i'.s,  and  found  it  closely  related 
nicssoria  rather  than  pUi/chrons,  but  with  the  jieculiar  yellowish  tinge 
(l('scrib^d  by  Mr.  (Irote.  I  ha\e  seen  it  from  Maine,  New  Hampshire, 
and  northern  New  York. 

Carneades  nibefactalis  Grt. 

1880.   Git.,  Hull,  fifol.  Siirv.,  vi,  1.'.4.  Agrotin. 

Jirick-red,  suffused  with  blackish  through  the  median  space,  a 
I)romineiit,  even  dark  shade  preceding  s.  t.  line.  Lines  geminate, 
black,  included  space  of  ground  color;  their  course  essentially  like 
those  «if  vicssoria.  Ordinary  spots  eoncolorous,  small ;  orbicular  round  ; 
reniform  excavated  at  outer  side.  Claviform  faintly  marked.  Collar 
with  a  broad  black  line.  Secomlaries  pale  fuscous.  Beneath  essen- 
tially as  in  mcssoria. 

E.xiiands  ^3-3'} •;  ]..S()-1.40  inches. 

IIAIUTAT. — Washington,  (Colorado. 

Th  species  is  closely  allied  to  mcssoria,  but  distinct  by  the  small 
orbicular  and  re(idi;^h  color  of  thorax  and  primaries.  The  broad  black 
line  on  collar  is  also  distinctive,  though  in  mcssoria  there  is  a  similar 
but  less  dirf'inct  line. 

Carneades  fauna  Morr. 

1S7().  Morr.,  Froo.  Host.  Soc.  Nut.  Hist.,  vviii,  'IWT,  .ti)rolii. 

Sordid  reddish  luteous,  somewhat  irrorate  with  black  ;  th(>  transverse 
lini\s  indistinctly  marked,  geminate,  irieliided  space  coiicolttnuis.  T.  a. 
line  outwardly  oblicpie  jmd  curved  between  veins.  T.  p.  Vwu-.  crenulate 
sinuate,  nearly  jiaiallel  as  a  whole  with  outer  margin.  S.  t.  lineobso- 
l<>,te.  The  median  shade  is  ditfiise,  indelinite,  daikenitig  cell  between 
ordinary  spots.  The  lattt^r  are  (Muicolorous,  completel.v  delined ; 
orbicular  irregularly  elongate;  reniform  upright  (»val,  sides  iitMirly 
parallel.  Claviform  outlined,  narrow,  somewhat  elongate.  Seconda- 
ries yellowish  fuscious.  lieneath,  yellowish  fuscous  witii  somewhat 
darker  discal  liinules.  Head  and  tiiorax  eon<!oloroiis.  Vestituro 
strongly  mixed  with  scales. 

Kx))aii(ls  .'57""";  l.o  inches. 

Hahitat. — Ciilifornia. 


HI 

,1  la 


i»v 


i<i'..«iii 


172 


liULLETIN    :i8,   UNITED    STATES    NATIONAL    MUSEUM. 


This  is  anotlier  of  Mr.  Morrison's  famous  tyi^is,  from  Mr.  Teppei'- 
<tollc(;tion.  Mr.  Morrison  lias  (listributed  by  all  o<l  Is  the  most  misera- 
bly i)res<'rve(l  lot  of  .specimens  as  types  that  lias  ever  been  my  ill  fortune 
to  see.  The  present  speities,  if  a  perfect  speeimeii  ever  comes  to  hand, 
will  recpiire  caro  in  identifyinj"'. 


Se(5(| 
tibiij 

e| 

li 
Til 


^1     i.i 


■1*i 


r 


I-' 

,« 
I  •' 


Carneades  brunneigera  Ort. 

lH7i).  Ort.,  nnir.  15iill.,  in,  f^O,  .Igrolix. 

laWJ.  Grt.,  Bull,  iio.n].  Siirv.,  vi,  '2C}0,  Ai/fDlis. 

Grayish  roii  to  red  brown;  transverse  iinos  ilistinct,  blackish.     Ordi- 
nary s|)ots  (!oneoIorous.     Basal  lim'!  evident,  geminate.    T.  a.  line  di-> 
tinct  jjjeminate,  uprif^ht  or  slij^htly  obli(pie,  outwardly  curved  between 
veins.    T.  p.  line  crenulate,  obsoletely  jjeminate,  its   course  sinuate. 
S.  t.  line  (roneolorous,  marked  with  a  dark  ac(!oin])anying  shiide.     Clav- 
ifoirn  Wiintinj?;  orbicular  entirely  obsolete,  or  very  faintly,  Imrdly  per 
ceptibly  outlined.     Jleniform  also  indefinite,  often  not  traceable,  but 
usually  outlined,  or  at  least  distinct  as  a  dusky  lunule.    The  median 
shade  is  dusliy,  diffuse  rather  lieyond  the  center  of  the  m.  space.     Ho 
and  thorax  concolorons.     Secondaries  liiscons.     Beneath  fuscous,  jk, 
dery;  a  distinct  darker  transverse  line  antl  discul  s[)()t. 

Expands  .'{.UT)""" ;  l.;!()-l..i(»  inches." 

FI.MJiTAT. — (California,  \Vashin{,4oii,  \'aneouver,  ('olorado,  Louisiana. 

The  type  from  Vancouver  is  rather  distinct  red  brown;  a  ^  speci- 
men from  Coloi'iido  is  nearly  (»qual  to  the  type  in  coh)r.  Three  other 
specimens  shiide  olf  into  a  distim^t  rather  reddish  gray,  the  iiiiiculation 
remiiiiiing  toieiablv  alike.  The  obsolesct'ime  of  the  ordinary  spots, 
especially  the  orbicular,  ",ompared  with  the  distinctness  of  the  trans- 
verse lines,  is  eiiaracteristiv'  <'"the  species. 

Carneat  ea  iiicallida  Sinitli. 
l^".)(l.  Siiiitli,  TriuiH.  Aiii    K:>t,  Soc,  xvn,  .Mt,  Aijrotin. 

General  color  pale  ashen  gray.  Palpi  brown  at  si<les ;  a  dusky  line 
across  the  front ;  collar  dark  tipped.  Thorax  unicolored,  (!oucolorous. 
Primaries  with  slightly  <l;irker  sulVusion  beyond  the  median  shade. 
Basal  line  geminate,  black,  upright,  luiiulate,  the  outer  line  broad,  the 
inner  narrower  and  fainter.  A  broiid  black  median  shade,  somewhat 
<lilfuse  oiitwar«lly.  T.  p.  line  black,  liinnlate,  geminate,  the  outer  line 
distinct  near  costa  only,  a  strong  outcurve  over  reniform,  and  a  slight 
incurve  in  tin*  snbmedian  interspace.  W.  t.  line  irregular,  interrupted, 
jiale,  marked  by  a  very  distinct  smoky  ju'eceding,  and  a  somewhat  less 
evident  following  shiide.  (llavifoiin  wanting,  orbicular  bartdy  trace- 
able, concolorons ;  KMiiform  marked  only  by  an  indelinite  dusky  sjjot. 
Secondaries  deep  smoky  brown.  Beiieiith  very  dark  smoky  brown  with 
white  powderings  along  tlu^  (M)sta,  br()ad«^r  on  secondaries.  A  l)i'oad 
dilfuse  outer  band,  distim^t  only  througli  the  jtaler  parts  of  the  wing. 


.sill 


I'UJM. 

Mr.  Ti-piH'i"^ 
most  iniseia- 
iiy  ill  fortune 
lies  to  baud, 


REVISION    OF    Sl'EClKS    OF    THK    GKNUS    AGROTIS 


173 


St'coiidaries  with  a  discal  spot.     Vestituro  of  breast  ash-{^ray,  tarsi  and 
til)iii^  black  riiijj;cd. 

Expands  37""";  1.50  inclies. 

flAiiiTAT. — Sierra  Nevada,  California. 

This  species  has  a  casual  resemblance  to  munis,  opipera,  or  (lisNonn,  but 
is  perhaps  nearer  to  tlie  Alpine  simplonia  than  to  any  of  our  own  species. 
It  is  very  distiiuit  from  its  associates  in  every  respect.  There  is  but  a 
.siiijrle  female  from  Mr.  Edwards'  collection  known  to  me. 


kish.  Onli- 
.  a.  line  di> 
ed  between 
rse  sinnatf. 
lade.  Clav- 
haiilly  per 
iceable,  but 
riie  median 
>ace.    H(' 

SCOUS,  1)0 


,  Louisiann. 

a  r?  sped- 
riuee  other 
nniculation 
lary  sj)ots, 

Mie  trans 


ilnsky  line 
ncidorous. 
an  shade, 
broad,  tlie 
somewhat 
()Uter  line 

d    a  H]\vr\\t 

tenui>ted, 
what  less 

■ely  traee- 

isky  spot. 

lown  with 

A  broad 

the  win{j. 


Canieades  lutulenta  Smith. 
ItiW.  Ti-iins.,  Am.  Em.  Soc,  xvii,  .">0,  Ayrotis. 

General  color  a  luteous  };ray ;  sides  of  palpi  dusky,  a  dusky  line  ex- 
tcndin}?  from  the  eyes  to  the  base  of  primaries;  head  and  thorax  else 
immaculate.  Primaries  Kliyhtly  blackish  pow<lered,  more  distinct  along 
the  inner  marjiin,  and  darkening  the  terminal  and  outer  part  of  8.  t. 
space.  Basal  line  geminate,  not  well  marked.  T.  a.  line  geminate, 
(lutwardly  slightly  oblique,  moderately  ontcurved  in  the  interspaces,  a 
long  outcurvo  below  internal  vein;  inner  part  of  line  ob.solete,  outer 
very  distinct.  T.  p.  line  narrow,  crenuhited,  i)arallel  with  the  outer 
margin,  inferiorly  becioming  indefinite;  outer  part  of  line  marked  only 
near  costa  and  not  continued  as  a  series  of  vennlar  dots.  Median  shade 
indetinite,  ditluse,  best  marked  between  the  ordinary  si»ots,  and  with 
some  difticnlty  traceable  below.  Beyond  the  t.  p.  lina  the  s.  t.  space 
darkens  to  the  outer  uiargiu  interrupted  by  the  very  line,  pale,  irregu- 
lar, and  partly  obsolete  s.  t.  line.  No  dark  terminal  line  or  lunules,  a 
]»alc  yellow  line  at  base  of  fringes.  Claviforni  wanting.  Orbicuhir 
lound,  i)ale  ringed,  not  i)rominent,  s(!aicely  even  distinct.  Keniform 
large,  very  vague,  not  outlined,  marked  by  a  yellowish  curved  line, 
which  constitutes  the  outer  margining  line,  and  by  a  slight  lateral  ex- 
it'iision  of  the  median  shade.  Secondaries  smoky  fu.scous,  outwartlly 
somewhat  darker.  Beneath  ]»aler,  more  whitish,  powdery,  with  an 
outer  line  and  distial  s[)ot  on  all  wings;  primaries  with  disc  fuscous  and 
outer  line  incomplete. 

Expands  ;31""";  1.. '55  inches. 

llAUiTAT. — Sierra  Nevada,  California. 

Very  closely  allied  to  hrnnneigcm  Crote,  with  which  it  agrees  in  all 
.structural  characters  and  in  the  ornamental  (•hara(!ters  determining  its 
reference  to  the  mcsnoria  group.  It  dillers  in  the  pale  ground  color, 
the  greater  size  of  the  ordinary  siiots  and  the  distinct  outer  shade  com- 
bined with  the  partly  obsolete  s.  t.  line. 

Types,  a  male  in  the  KutgersColle}.;e  collection;  others  in  collections 
of  Ily.  Edwards  and  U.  S.  Natioaal  Museum. 


I  id 


•    II 


i;. 


^^ 


Cfir 


•■■f» 


174 


IIULLETIN    M,  UNITED    STATES    NATIONAL    MUSEUM. 


Caiiieades  aninilipes  Smith. 
IHDO.  >Siiiitli,  Ti'iiii.s.  Am.  Kiit.  Soc,  xvn,  Ji/rotiH. 

General  color  uslioii  gray  with  a  reddish  .shade,  with  hhickish  \)o\\- 
deriiigs.  Palpi  tlarker  at  sides,  head  somewhat  i)allid  in  front,  collar 
with  a  very  vague  traiisver.se  line  composed  of  dark  powderi  iigs.  Tliorii  x 
evenly  and  not  heavily  powdered.  Primaries  with  the  dark  ix^wderiii;.; 
becoming  more  prominent  outwardly,  .slightly  .sutVusing  tiie  outer  pan 
of  median  space  and  beco'ming  most  prominent  as  a  heavy  smoky  brown 
shade  before  the  s.  t.  line,  tlie  terminal  space  dusky  Ijiit  not  so  dark  us 
the  outer  ])art  of  s.  t,  spaiie.  Basal  line  apparently  singU^,  brown,  iini 
very  distinctly  marked.  T.  a.  line  geminate,  evenly  outctu  ved,  slightly 
irregular;  tiie  outer  part  of  the  line  is  distinct,  lirowii,  rather  broan, 
the  inner  vague,  not  well  marked  superiorly,  but  easily  traced  through 
the  lower  part  of  its  (^»urse.  IMediaii  sliad<(  very  distinct,  br<»wn.  rather 
d«!linitely  limited,  very  Jiearly  ])arallel  with  tlie  t.  a.  line.  T.  p.  line  dis 
tinclly  geminate,  r.ilher  widely  outcurved  over  reniform  and  slightly 
incurved  below;  inner  line  distinctly  crenulate,  outer  line  somewhat 
vague  i'xcept  through  costal  region.  S.  t.  line  pale,  somewhat  diti'nw' 
and  very  even,  starting  from  the  i»ale  apical  si)iice.  Claviform  wanting. 
Orbicular  and  renitbrm  slightly  i)aler,  not  outlined,  very  vague  and  in 
delinitt',  at  lirst  sight  apparently  wanting.  kSecondaries  smoky  whitish, 
somewhat  iridescent.  Beneath  whitish,  powdeiy,  |)rimaries  darkest 
and  with  trace  of  an  outer  line;  secondaries  more  powdery  along  cjsta 
and  without  outer  line  or  discal  sjiot. 

lOxpands  L".>""";  1.10  inches. 

Haiuta  r.— Oregon. 

A  very  distinct  .'■^ipecies  of  whicih  I  have  only  one  V  specimen  in  good 
condition.  It  has  all  the  characters  of  the  mesnoriii  group,  and  accord 
ing  to  the  talndar  arrangement  comes  nearest  to  hrvHmUjcrn.  \t\s, 
however,  decidedly  smaller  than  that  species  and  the  color  is  nion> 
gray;  the  piomimriit  median  shade,  and  the  dusky  tenuinal  parts  ol 
the  wing  are  distinctive.  The  tarsi  are  ringed  with  brown,  the  legs 
also  of  the  same  jtrayish  whiti   ,is  the  iindersi<Ii'. 

The  type  1  have  dt'posiL'd  in  tlie  U.  .S.  >.'ational  3Iuseum. 

Carueadea  muidocki  .spiitli. 
IH'.K).  Smith,  Tniiis,  .Am.  Hut.  Sm-.,  x\ii,  I'.l,  .Irji'otin. 

/lead  and  thorax  a  rather  briglit  yellowish  re<l,  almost  ferruginou.s,  | 
without  mark  or  spot,  rrimaries  wUli  basai  and  sulnerminal  space  of 
the  Slime  red  brown  vt)\or  as  thorii.v.  Median  spac.  l.riglil  bluimh  gray, 
outwardly  dark  shaded.  Terminal  sjiace  dusky.  Masai  line  faintly 
marked.  T.  a.  line  geminate,  very  even,  with  an  even,  rather  small 
outward  curve;  inner  line  brown,  outer  line  bro.ider,  Ijjjick,  T.  p.  line 
gemmaie,  even,  outwardly  curved  over  reniform,  slightl.v    incurved   fe 


UM. 


REVISION    Ol-'    Si'KCi-ES    UF    TUi:    GKNIJ.S    AGUOTIS. 


175 


iickish  jHtw- 
froiit,  collnv 
<;■•<.  Thorn  X 
l)i»\V(l(U'iii;^ 
(>  oitttT  i)ai ; 
iioky  browii 
t  so  dark  us 
,  brown,  imi 
rod,  sliglirl: 
itlier  broini. 
ced  tliioui;!! 
rowii,  ratln  ! 
r.  p.  liiiedis 
ami  Hbglitiv 
e  soiiuMvhiit 
ivliat  ditiiisi' 
rm  Avaiitiii;;. 
\^m\  and  in 
oky  wliitish, 
•ies  darkcsi 
alon^i'  c'jstii 


n«Mi  in  yood 
and  act^ovd 
(icni.  It  is, 
>lor  is  inoi'f 
lal  i)arts  ol 
rn,  the  lcg« 


i'n'iii.n!Mva>..    ! 


liil  sj)ii<o  ot' 


Ik. 


liii.^  i'aiiiily 
irluH'  sntali 

T.  j..  Iin<^  j- 
>    incui"ve<l 


beneatli;  inner  line  black,  distinctv  outer  line  indefinite,  incoinploto, 
brown.  iS.  t.  line  marked  by  the  contrast  l>etween  tlie  eveidy  »l;irk 
tcrniiual  space  and  pale  s.  t.  space,  its  ((Uirse  irrej^nlar.  A  dnsky  (H>st- 
al  shade  in  s.  t.  space  beiore  apex,  le.iviny  a  paler  apical  spot,  A 
pal(5  line  it  base  of  frintjos.  (.!lavifurn»  wantinjj:.  Orbicniar  lai'ge, 
round  concoloroiis,  faintly  outlined  by  a  pale  riiij;.  Keniforni  l.iri;e, 
kidney  shaped,  iuferioriy  dark  lilleil,  obscured  by  the  niediaii  siiaile 
wliicli  crosses  the  spot  and  then  runs  ratiier  dilTusely  and  close  to  tlie 
t.  p.  line,  darkeiiiu{j  tlie  outer  part  of  median  space.  Cell  between  the 
spots  also  dusky,  Seconjlaries  whitish,  soiled,  with  a  faint  reddish 
snflusjon,  lieneath  {)ale,  [towdery,  disc  of  primaries  darker;  an  outer 
liue  anil  iliscal  dot  to  all  winj;s. 

ExpaudH  i:0"""  ;    1.!,'0  inches. 

Habitat.— Nortli west  liritish  Co)und>ia,  Utah. 

This  very  liamlsome  species  is  readily  reco^^nized  among  its  congeners 
by  the  strong  contrast  between  the  blue-gray  median  and  reddish 
yellow  or  rusty  red  basal  and  s.  t.  s[>aces.  It  has  ail  the  characters  of 
the  mcssDi-in  grou[>,  but  is  nniout  among  them  all.  The  s[>eciinen  now 
before  me  is  from  ]Mr.  Neuinoegen.  1  received  it  some  time  since  from 
Mr.  Edwards,  who  had  it,  I  think,  from  IJtali,  Some  years  since  1  re- 
ceived the  lirst  specimen  from  tlie  late  C.i[)t.  1).  J  I.  iMnrdock.  Fort 
Thornburgh,  I  tah,  and  this  speiiimen  is  now  in  the  IJ.  tS.  National 
Museum.  From  Captain  Mur<lock  i  received  nniny  gooil  species,  and 
it  is  matter  for  extreme  regret  that  >so  good  a  collector  in  so  tine  a 
locality  should  have  lost  his  life  so  unfortunately. 

CanieadeB  quinquelinea  Smith. 

IS'JO    Smilli,  Tr.'um.  -Viii.  K.it.  '-^im'  ,  w  ii,  .J'.»,    tgrotiv. 

General  color  fuscous  gray.  Ilviul  concolorons,  collar  with  a  dusky 
(•entral  line;  thorax  •oneolorous.  I'rimaries  evenly  colored,  the  trans- 
verse lines  b'.iuikish,  Dasal  line  distinct,  single.  T.  a.  line  distinct, 
upright,  very  slightly  arigulate;  median  shatle  line  distinct,  broad, 
very  irregular.  T.  p,  line  single,  narrow,  crenulaie,  its  course  as  a 
w;  >de  veiy  nearly  parallel  to  the  outer  margin.  tS.  t.  line  consisting  of 
a  naiiow,  dark  ishade  line  followed  by  some  p;de  scales  relieving  ai^l 
(U^tiniug  the  .same;  an  interrupted,  very  narrow  terminal  line.  8ec 
ondaries  and  abdomen  i>ale  smoky  fus(!ous.  Claviform  wanting,  o)'ili- 
uary  spots  !)arely  trace.ible,  concolorou.s,  reniform  inwardly  marked  by 
UF-mall  black  dot.  lUme.itii  pah;,  powdery  tuscoiis,  with  an  outer  line 
a!itl  diseal  .sp«)t  on  all  wings. 

Ej.,tands  :>5 ';  I.IO  inches. 

l*\ni'j"AT. — Sierra  Nevaila,  California. 

Tliissiinpl\  maiked  form  is  allied  iu  ajjpearance  to  irist''  ^n  ovfuseti, 
I'Ui  with  the  <'har acters  of  tht^  juesent  gi'or.p  so  far  as  i.^  c.;m  be 
njade  out  from  the  bi..gle  female  i.>etore  uui.  The  single  transv,.i*se  liies 
are  distiuctive  iu  this  series. 


:;  £» 


i 


176 


UULLKTIN    'M,   UNITED    STATES    NATIONAL    MUSEUM. 


<: 

B  It* 


rim  .■,, 

f  .tK(;,l' 


I... 
I  •' 


Carueades  friabilis  Grt. 
187.").  (jtrt.,  (Jiin.  Eiit.,  vii,  Irt' ,  pi.  i,  f.  .'»,  Ayrotin. 

Even  (lull  fu!S(!ou.s  to  ii.sh  {^niy,  the  iiiiirkiiig.s  usually  indefinite  "but 
on  tiie  whole  exactly  like  messoria.  Seuoudaiies  juul  underside  also  like 
mcssoria. 

Expands  31-.33'""'  ;  1.25-1..30  inclies. 

LIaijitat. — Nt'w  York,  Maine,  Canada,  (Jalifornia. 

Very  closely  allied  to  mcssoria,  l)ut  darker,  ash  i^ivny,  more  ev<iuly 
colored,  the  transversii  lines  and  ordinary  spots  often  scarcely  evi- 
dent, and  the  size  perceptibly  smaller. 

Mr.  Grote  curiously  failed  to  rcco}?nize  the  true  relationship  of  the 
species  by  eonii)arinj^'  it  with  IjostonieuNis,  with  which  its  resemblance  is 
decidedly  remote. 

The  species  seems  rare  in  the  Eastern  States,  but,  if  my  identification 
is  correct,  the  species  is  more  common  in  California.   A. series  of  speci- 
nH3ns  received  from  Messrs.  Edwards  and  Neumoc^n,  from  Californiii, 
were  at  first  regarded  ;is  a  local  form  of  mcsstnia.  Mr.  Neumoe^en,  how 
ever,  iwinted  out  a  speciiiu'u  named yVm/x'/i-v  by  Mr.  Orote  in  his  colk'c 
tlon,  which  was  evidently  the  same  as  the  Californian  series.  The  west 
ern  specimens  are  nioi'e  a.sh  i^vay  than  ntt'ssorla,  and  have  a  Icvss  amount 
of  the  fuscous  adniixtnre  than  eastern  speciiucs. 

Carneades  fuscigera  Grt. 

Id74.  Grl.,  Can.  Eiit.,  vi,  l.">i,  Aijiotin. 

Even  dull  fus<',ous  gray,  the  lines  blackish,  more  or  less  <listinctly 
geminate.  Ordinary  spots  outlined,  concolorous.  liasal  line  evident. 
T.  a.  line  rather  remote  from  base,  upright,  curved  between  veins,  the 
outer  line  most  distinct,  broad.  T.  p.  line  sinuate,  lunulate,  broad. 
The  curve  os'er  cell  wide ;  inward  curve  below  less  evident.  S.  t.  line 
sinuate,  slightly  paler.  Clavitorm  very  faiiMitfy  indicated.  Orbicular 
round,  rather  large.  Keniforni  c(tnstricted  Jiit  middle,  nuae  or  less  in 
ct)mpletely  outlined.  Secondaries  smoky,  i^nler  at  l)ase;  an  indelinite 
extra  discal  line  and  lunule  rellected  Iroui  >emsith.  IJeneath  whitish, 
powdery,  a  very  distin(;t  broad  dusky  common  line  and  discal  lunule. 
llead  and  thoriix  concolorous. 

Exiiands  LJ9-;W""";  1.15-1.30  inches. 

Habitat. — California. 

Distinguished  by  the  rather  small  size  anil  the  very  oven  color. 


Carneades  orbicularis  Kmitli. 

1887.  Siiimi,  Pnic.  U.  S.  Niit.  Miis.,  x,  4(iO,  Aijrotis. 

Lut«M»us  gray:    transverse  lines  distinctly  gemiiiitte,  dark  fuscous. 

Ordinary  spots  delined,  paler.     IJasal  line  delined,  euuked  by  black 

jMiiuts  beneath  median  M-iii.     T.  a.  line  upright,  slightly  ilentle-ulate ; 

tiio  included  space  maikod  with  &ray.    T.  ').  line  even,  very  imrrowly 


I. 


REVISION    OF    SI'ECIES    OF   THE    GENUS   AGR0TI3. 


177 


liiite  "but 
)  altso  like 


ro  evenly 
rcel.v  evi- 

ip  of  the 
iblaiice  i;s 

ititicatioii 
of   spetri- 
lalifoniiii, 
^eu,  bow 
lus  colirr 
Thew.-M 
ssaiiiuuiic 


^listinctly 
evident, 
eius,  the 

e,   broad. 
S.  t.  liiM' 

Jrhiciilar 
less  in 
ndetiuite 
whitish, 
1  lunule. 


lor. 


fuscous. 
)y  black 
tic-uhite ; 
unTuwIy 


crenulate,  its  course  parallel  with,  and  unusually  close  to  outer  niar- 
j;in,  making  the  median  space  very  broad.  S.  t.  line  narrow,  some- 
what i)!iler,  its  course  sinuate;  a  terminal  row  of  black  dots.  The 
median  sluide  is  not  well  marked  and  is  central  to  the  median  space. 
Claviform  concohu'ous,  not  distinctly  outlined.  Orbicular  round,  pale 
j^ray.  Keniform  moderate,  kidney-shaped,  annulate  with  gray,  centered 
witli  grouml  color.  Secondaries  |»ale  yellowish  fuscous.  Beneath  white- 
ish,  powdered,  a  darker  discal  lunule.     Head  and  thorax  concolorous. 

Expands  .'>2""";  1.2."»  inches. 

Habitat. — Nevada. 

A  well-marked  species,  with  rather  narrow  wings ;  it  is  easily  d's- 
tinjiuisiied  by  the  widely  seitarated  median  lines  and  pale  orbicular. 
A  single  5  is  in  Mr.  Tepper's  collection. 

Carneades  micronyx  Grt. 

1H7S.  Grt.,  Bull.  Geol.  Surv.,  iv,  171,  Agrotis. 

Primaries  fuscous,  with  a  whitish  gray  cast;  transverse  lines  geminate, 
indistinct.  T.  a.  line  upright,  very  slightly  waved.  T.  p.  line  faintly  lunu- 
lare,  about  parallel  witli  outer  margin.  S.  t.  line  concolorou.s,  narrow, 
sinuate,  shaded  each  side  with  darker  fuscous.  Claviform  wanting. 
Orbicular  huge,  round,  gray.  Keniform  concolorous,  iiicoiiipletely  out- 
lined. The  median  shade  darkeas  the  cell  between  stigmata  and  runs 
)  latlier  close  to  t.  p.  line  beneatii  median  vein.     iSecundaries  darlv  fus- 

cous. Beneath  i>ale  fuscous,  with  common,  even,  subdviitate  line  and 
(li.scal  marks.     Collar  with  a  distinct  black     ansverse  line. 

Exjtands  ;50""";  l.'JO  inches. 

IlAiJiTAT. — California. 

This  spt'cies  is  very  di.stinct;  the  body  i.s  heavy,  the  primaries  com- 
paratively siiort,  obtuse.  The  obsolescent  maculation,  the  dark  ground 
color,  and  larg«'.  round  gray  ()il)i<'ular  make  a  combination  at  once  rec- 
ognizalde.     WitJiall,  its  resemiilauce  to  mensoria  is  striking. 

Carneades  intrita  Morr. 

It«?4.  Morr.,  rroc.  Ho.st.  Soe.  Nat.  Hint.,  xvii,  KU,  .Ujrotk. 
Irfffi.  (lit..  Can.  Ktit.,  vii,<W,  .iyrotio. 

Fer-iiginous,  shaded  witli  black.  Transver.se  lines  distinct  geminate, 
iiK'huled  space  paler.  Basal  line  e\ident.  T,  a.  line  obli<|ne,  scalloped 
between  the  veins.  T.  p.  line  very  even,  parallel  to  outer  margin.  S.  t. 
line  uiwrow,  somewhat  indefinite,  strongly  sinuate.  Claviform  evident, 
concohuous.  Ordinary  spots  pale  ringed,  fentereil  with  ground  color, 
of  normal  size  and  sha|)e.  Tlw  dusk\  metlian  shade  darkens  the  cell 
l»etween  the  ordinary  spt)^^,  tbetk  curves  under  reniform  and  runs  par- 
allel with  and  eiose  %&  the  t.  p.  line.  Secoinlaries  yellowish  fnscon.s, 
paler  toward  base.  Beneath,  i»rimarie8  smoky,  secondaries  whitish, 
2:M!4ri— Bull.  ^.S 12 


:^ 


:-3> 

IS 

';  At 


■M 


178 


iJULLirriN  :;«,  lniikd  statics  national  mu.seum. 


both  powdery,  with  iiicoiiipli'te  common  lino  iiinl  faintly  markiMl  disca! 
luiiule.     Head  and  thorax  dark ;  liaso  of  patayiie  at  sides  fenuginou.s 

Exj)and.s  :il-3;i""";  l.L'o-l.lU)  inches. 

IlAiUTAT. — Vanconver;  (Jalifornia,  Arizona. 

A  short  win<,fed  si)ecie8,  readily  recognizable  by  the  peculiar  rusty  and 
black  color  and  the  very  even  i)alo  t.  [).  line. 


1^4 


0  .Mi.; 


f.i* 

,     «..  . 

(  .Kl  , 

I  -is-: 


Group  TKSSELLATA. 

Front  full,  tuberculate  or  roughened  ;  anterior  tibiie  sjiinose ;  antenna- 
of  male  serrate  and  bristled}  thorax  indistinctly  or  not  at  all  tufted, 
rarely  with  a  distinct  anterior  crest,  (lenitalia  of  the  same  type  as  in 
the  other  groups  of  the  genus.  The  distinguishing  feature  of  the  present 
groui)  is  found  in  the  ornamentation,  and  princii)al!y  in  the  usually  large, 
often  pale,  ordinary  spots,  ami  the  black  or  other  dark  stained  cell  reliev- 
ing them.  Negatively  there  is  no  distiuct  median  shade,  and  there  are 
no  obvious  dentations  crossing  or  indenting  tiie  s.  t.  line.  In  the  more 
tyi)ical  forms  the  primaries  are  perhaps  a  little  broader  and  more  trigo- 
nate  thau  in  the  tyi)ical  forms  of  the  other  groups;  but  this  does  uot 
hold  true  of  all  the  species. 

As  a  whole  the  group  is  fairly  well  separable  from  the  others  of  the 
genus,  but  some  of  the  species  show  variations  which  may  create  doubt. 
Care  is  therefore  necessary  in  i)lacing  single  specimens  of  some  lorms, 
and  the  general  ilescriptions  of  oruameutal  aud  color  characters  must 
not  be  too  literally  construed. 

\Vhereverpossible,a(|uestioiuibleform  should  be  compared  with  spei;i- 
niens  of  tiie  group  types,  and  the  relationship  is  then  usually  evident 
and  the  chances  of  error  are  reduced  to  a  minimum. 

Of  the  species  referred  hcn-ifcnialdi  is  at  once  separable  by  the  broad, 
even,  blue  gray  transverse  lines.  It  is  a  large  wide-winged  form  and 
very  disliucc.     It  seems  also  very  rare. 

A  snndl  group  of  si)ecies  of  mountain  or  high  northern  habitat  is 
readily  recognizable  by  luteous  or  gray  color  of  primaries,  hairy  vesti- 
ture,  and  simple  transverse  lines.  These  species  have  a  distinctive  hab- 
itus, and  are  also  well  distinguished  infer  se. 

Opipara  is  ash  gray  with  dark  median  spa(;e.  The  cell,  claviform, 
basal  dash,  and  transverse  line  on  collar  are  black.  This  is  the  species 
mistaken  by  Moeschler  and  Staudinger  lor  a  variety  oi' i.sl(tndica. 

Trisdcula  has  the  basal  dasii  aud  the  black  line  on  collar,  but  the  trans- 
verse maculation  is  obsolete  a'.'d  only  the  dark  cell  is  pioniinent. 

Munis,  of  which  suhlatis  is  a  synonym,  lacks  the  black  basal  dash  and 
transverse  line  of  collar.  The  median  lines,  howevei',  are  distinct,  the 
outer  portion  of  median  s[)ace  is  darker,  and  the  ordinary  spots  are  large, 
distinct,  concolorous. 

DisHona  is  closely  allied,  but  less  strongly  marked  ;  an  obvious  distin- 
guishing feature  is  found  in  the  woolly  clothing  of  breast.  lu  munis  it 
is  white,  in  the  present  form  black. 


M. 


REVISION    OF    SPECIES    OE    THE    GENUS    AGKOTIS. 


179 


ked  (lisL'ii! 
!irugin()u.s 


rusty  aiul 


;  iiuteiiiiii' 
all  tutted, 
tyi)e  as  iu 
le  i)resent 
allylarj,'e, 
;;ell  reliev- 
tliere  aro 
I  tho  more 
lore  tiij;o- 
s  does  not 

ers  of  the 
ate  doubt, 
ine  forms, 
iters  nuist 

v'ith  speei- 
ly  evident 

bo  broad, 
form  and 

habitat  is 
liry  vesti- 
jtive  hab- 

laviforni, 
le  si)ecies 

C(t. 

the  trans- 
nt. 

dash  and 
tinct,  the 
are  large, 

usdistin- 
I  VI u His  it 


, 


x\.ll  the  other  species  of  the  group  have  distinctly  geminate  transverse 
lines.  One  series  lacks  all  trace  of  a  basal  black  dasii,  which  in  the 
other  series  is  always  distinct.    The  ty[)ical  forms  lack  this  basal  dasii. 

Of  this  first  series  euroides  is  a  narrow-winged  form,  bluish  white  in 
color,  with  the  largo  ordinary  spots  prominently  relieved  by  the  black 
cell. 

The  other  species  vary  from  carneous  gray  to  fuscous  brown  or  black- 
ish, all  possible  shades  being  represented. 

The  secondaries  are  dusky  in  both  sexes  of  the  following  seven  species : 

Alticola  is  easily  distinguished  from  all  its  allies  by  lacking  all  tnico 
of  a  claviform.  The  species  varies  greatly  in  ground  color,  but  is  usually 
some  shade  of  yellowish  red.  The  maculation  is  very  often  scarcely 
traceable,  and  in  such  specimens  the  group  characters  are  not  notable 
aiul  point  rather  to  pitychrous  than  to  tessellata.  With  a  good  series  at 
hand  the  reference  here  is  easy. 

Rufula  and  hmlftava  are  closely  allied  species  which  may  eventusiUy 
be  merged  into  geographical  forms  of  the  same.  In  both  the  orbicnlivr 
is  incomplete  superiorly  and  the  basal  space  is  paler.  Rufula  is  tlie 
paler,  yellowish  red  in  color,  median  space  darker,  contrasting  somewhat 
with  the  basal  and  s.  t.  spaces.  Basiflaea  is  altogether  a  darker,  more 
powdery  form.  The  basal  space  is  not  much  paler,  ami  the  mtidiau  and 
s.  t.  8i)aces  are  coucolorous.  The  former  is  from  New  Mexico,  the  latter 
from  British  Columbia  and  Sierra  ^Nevada. 

JSutis  is  red  brown  iu  color,  the  ordinary  spots  powdered  with  yellow, 
the  cell  usually  not  much  darker  between  theui.  The  lines  are  not  re- 
lieved. 

Eeiia  is  a  carneous  gray  species,  sometimes  more  reddish,  without  any 
distinct  contrasts.  The  transverse  lines  are  usually  more  or  less  obso- 
lete, the  ordinary  spots  rarely  completely  outlined,  the  si)ace  between 
them  not  much  darker.  Altogether  a  very  inconspicuous  though  dis- 
tinct species. 

Insiynata,  uiuler  which  term  I  include  dcclarata,  aampcstris,  decolor, 
and  verticali/i,  has  the  color  smooth,  even  ;  the  transverse  lines  some- 
times very  distinct;  ordinary  spots  large,  narrowly  lunulate  with  yel- 
low. Campesttis  is  that  form  in  which  the  color  is  uniform,  dark,  the 
transverse  lines  distinct.  Decolor  has  the  lines  partly  obsolete,  the 
brown  colors  relieved  iu  basal  and  s.  t.  spaces  by  luteous,  sometimes 
contrasting  quite  strongly.  Vertically  is  more  like  decolor,  l)ut  replaces 
the  lighter  shades  by  carneous  gray,  deepening  to  browiiisli  in  the 
darkened  regions.  The  latter  is  a  local  form,  found  in  Montana  and 
Colorado,  and  is  quite  constant. 

TesHcllata  is  distinguished  by  rougher  vestiture,  the  color  not  smooth 
and  even,  but  coarse,  powdery ;  the  transverse  lines  are  not  so  lileanly 
cut,  nor  the  ordinary  spots  so  well  defined.  The  latter  are  powdered 
with  gray. 


lill 

)!l  III 


180 


miLKETlN'    :!H,   UNITED    STATES    NATIONAL   MUSEUM. 


Alhipciini.s  is  like  insif/nata  in  evenness  of  color  and  general  appear- 
ance, and  has  been  contused  Avith  it.  It  is,  however,  smaller,  and  the 
secondaries  are  white  in  the  male,  dusky  in  the  ftimale. 

lSi>ect<tn(la  and  imllipcnius  have  the  secondaries  white  in  both  sexes. 
The  former  is  a  rather  small,  narrow  winjfed  form  with  very  neat, 
sharply  detined  macniation,  resemblinjj  alhipcnnis.  The  latter  has  pale 
fuscous  primaries  with  complete  but  very  illy  defined  inaculation ;  it 
is  one  of  the  characterless  species  which  are  with  dilliculty  referred  to 
an  appropriate  j;'^>up»  '"'tl  which  there  may  be  ditliciulty  in  recoj^nizinpf. 

Bamlis,  nolitarin,  and  itontra  differ  from  all  the  preceding  by  longer 
wings  with  the  apices  of  i)rimaries  more  evident. 

Busalis  is  a  pale  red  brown,  with  the  basal  space  gray  j  the  ordinary 
spots  are  large  and  pale  in  color. 

Solifaria  is  of  much  the  same  color,  but  the  basal  space  is  not  pale, 
and  the  ordinary  spots  are  small  and  yellow  ;  the  triinsvcrse  lines  gray. 

The  remaining  species  have  an  evident  black  dash  at  base  of  prima- 
ries. 

Ochro(f((ster  varies  from  yellow  to  bright  red  brown  ;  the  transverse 
lines  obsolete;  the  primaries  are  long  and  narrow,  subequal,  and  thus 
distinct  from  the  remaining  members  of  the  series. 

Two  color  divisions  are  indicated  in  the  balance  of  the  species;  the 
tirst  of  various  shfides  of  brown,  the  costa  usually  paler ;  the  second 
ash  or  darker  gray,  with  somewhat  longer  primaries,  apices  more  dis- 
tinctly marked. 

J<l<(h<>cnsis  is  dull  fuscous  brown,  the  costal  region  gray ;  ordinary 
spots  also  gray,  distinct;  orbicular  oblique,  oblong,  open  superiorly. 

Furtivns  is  veiy  like  the  preceding,  but  the  orbicular  is  V-shaped, 
and  there  is  a  series  of  distinct  sagittate  spots  preceding  the  s.  t.  line. 

Wcslermani  is  allied,  but  is  more  sordi<l  in  appearance ;  the  ordinary 
spots  not  so  well  detined,  orbicular  rounded,  but  incompletely  outlined 
superiorly.  In  addition  the  costa  is  strongly  convex  where  in  idahoen- 
sis  it  is  straight. 

Obeliscoidcs  has  the  transverse  lines  distinct,  the  costal  region  and 
ordinary  spots  whitish ;  reniform  unusually  large,  contrasting ;  orbicular 
complete;  s.  t.  line  narrow,  paler,  rather  even,  costa  arched. 

Infelix  is  larger,  has  the  costal  region  yellow,  ferruginous,  or  gray  j 
orbicular  round,  comjdete;  reniform  not  nnusually  large;  s.  t.  line  de- 
lined  only  by  the  difference  in  color  between  s.  t.  and  terminal  si)aces, 
preceded  by  a  series  of  sagittate  black  spots  ;  costa  not  arched.  This  is 
a  distressingly'  variable  species,  becoming  dull  black  in  some  speci- 
mens, without  obvious  maculation  save  the  outlines  of  the  ordinary 
sjiots,  and  then  likely  to  be  confused  with  paHtoraUs,  from  which,  how- 
ever, it  is,  I  believe,  distinct.  Other  specimens  become  lilac  shaded  and 
then  resemble  perexcelleuH. 

IsJ(()idi('a  is  also  allied  to  obeliscoides,  but  separable  by  the  concolor- 
ous  costal  region  and  ordinary  spots.    The  basal  space  is  paler. 


;  It 


REVISION    or    SPKCIES    OF    THE    GENUS    AfJUOTIS. 


181 


J>ircr(fcns  {rcrsipellis)  is  more  nearly  iillicd  to  ti\sscU(itii,\m[  is  veiy 
easily  distiiiguisliable  by  the  white  marked  subcostal  and  iiiedimi  veins 
and  the  white  powdered  annuli  of  the  ordinary  spots. 

Kedimicula  is  very  distinct  by  its  {generally  dark  color,  very  hirijc  and 
evenly  pale  f?ray  ordniary  sjtots,  basal  apace  gray  above  the  l)laitk  dash, 
and  short,  stnnipy  primaries. 

Atrifem  is  a  somewhat  Inteous  form,  tlie  transverse  lines  indisliiict, 
ordinary  spots  (joncoloroiis,  cell  incompletely  dark. 

Tcssellnidcs  and  sllens  are  the  asli-<;ray  species.  The  former  is  darker, 
the  transverse  lines  are  more  inideiit,  and  the  vestitnre  is  (M)arser,  The 
latter  is  pale,  the  transverse  lines  are  obsolete,  and  the  vestitnre  is 
smooth,  even. 

SYXOl'SIS   OK   SI-KCIKS. 

TransvorHe  lino.s  distinct,  broad,  palf I'KUNai.di. 

Triins^'orHfi  liiiiJH  iliHtinct,  Hiii<;li',  black;  priiiiarmH  iliill  aMlii-n  j^ray. 
Br.sal  danh  pro.scnt,  collar  black  liiiod. 
Median  spaco  darker;  ordinary  spots  and  transverse  lines  sliarply  delined, 

llnicoloroiiH,  piile  Inteous;  transverse  lines  obsolete;  ordinary  spots   indetinite, 

TiaSTICUI.A. 

asal  dash  and  line  of  collar  wanting. 

Woolly  elotliinj;  of  breast  i)ale :\irxis. 

Woolly  clotbinfi  of  breast  black DtssoXA. 

Transverse  lines  f^eminato  variably  distinct. 
Basal  dash  of  primaries  wantinji. 

(Jolor  bright,  bluish  white,  winj^s  parallel,  rather  lonj; ki'isoidms. 

C(dors,  reddish  to  brown,  to  blackish,  wings  trigonate,  apices  not,  evi<leiitly  pro- 
duced. 
Secondaries  in  both  s(!xes  dusky. 

Claviforni  wanting;  color  pale  reddish ai.TICoi.a. 

Claviforin  ])reseut. 
Orbicular  incomplete  superiorly;  basal  space  somewhat  paler. 

Color  yellowish  red,  contrast  between  basal,  s.  t.  and  median  space  dis- 
tinct   luiri.A. 

Color  dull  luteous  brown,  with  black  jtowdiM'ings;  basal  --paci'  but  little 

paler;  no  contrast  between  s.  t.  and  median  spaces BASiKr.AVA. 

Orbicular  complete. 
Color  red  brown,  rather  «!ven;  ordinary  spots  yellow  j)o\v(lcn(l ;  (cl!  usu- 
ally not  much  <larker  between  the  spots satis. 

Color  (!ven,  varying  from  carueous  to  reddish  gray ;  no 'contrasts,  lines 

usually  more  or  less  ob.solete ki'.xa. 

Color  gray  to  dark  fuscous  brown  or  blackish,  even  :  median  ;iiid  termi- 
nal spaces  darker,  contrasting;  ordinary  spots  large,  coi loious, 

INSir.NATA. 

Color  red  brown  to  blackish,  rough,  powdery;  niaculatioii  less  clear  cut; 

ordinary  spots  powdered  with  pale  scales tksskixata. 

Secondaries  of  male  white,  of  female  dusky. 
Primaries  evenly  colored,  dark;  ordinary  spots  largf^,  dark;  t.  p.  line  obso- 
lete  At  lill'K.VMS. 

Secondaries  white  in  both  sexes. 
Primaries  luteous  gray,  even ;  the  maculation  distinct,  clear  cut .  spkci'anda. 
Primaries  sordid  whiti.sh,  maculation  all  present  but  indistinct..  I'allu-knms. 


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33  WEST  MAIN  STREET 

WEBSTER  N  Y    UStO 

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182  FMIFJ.KTIN   :W,  UNITED   STATES    NATIONAL   MUSEUM. 

Color  pale  rcil  or  liit*-oiiH  lirowii,  winjjJt  loii^nr,  apicos  iiioro  produced. 

ItaNiil  Npace  pale:  ordinary  Hpotn  larK«.  pnio uasai.is. 

Ititsal  HpaiH^i-oiifoliiroiit;  orditiiiry  HpotHHiiiiiII,  yollow  ;  transvonto  liiioH  ]>a1<>. 

SOUTAKIA. 

Color  liitcons  brown:  ordinary  spotn  lar,<i;<s  tuftiugH  Kfi^V  tipped;  ordinal y 

lines  narrow,  not  palo Nohika 

!t;iNal  dasli  of  prlniaricH  prcsont. 
I'riiiiarics  rlon^ate,  Hul(e<|na!,  ctdor  yellow  to  dark  red  brown;  traiiHvorHn  lines 

oltsnli'tr,  ordinary  Hpots  concoloronH  ixmikocahirk 

Piiniiii'ii'H  sliiirli-r,  more  trigonate,  apiren  reetaiifriilar. 
Costii  Itlne  gray,  ordinary  HpotH  ;;ray ;  orlMenliir  oltlinip;,  ohliijne,  opon  NnpiMi- 

orly,  eosta  straight ihAiioKNSis. 

Ah  heTore:  orliicnlar  V-Hliapei| ;  n  HerieH  of  distinet  Na);iMate  N])ots  before  s.  t. 

line I'UHTIVrs. 

Asbefiire;  orbienlar  round,  itieoiiiplele  ;  eosta  eonvex  ;  iiiaeiilation  <dtHolote, 

WKHTRItMAM. 

Costal  re;;ion:ind  ordinary  spots  wliite,  eontrasting ;  reniforin  nnnsually  lar^fe  ; 

wiiiys  wilier,  cost  a  arelied oih.i.ihcoidks. 

Costal   re;;ion  and  ordinary  Hoots  yellow  to  t'erriiKinoiis,  to  lilac  gray;    Hi/.e 

lar>ier;  eosta  less  arelitxl ;  winjjs  narrower inkki.ix. 

Costal  region  and  ordinary  spots  clay  yullow,  not  eontraslii)}; ;  prinnirieH  more 

••vi'ii,  siib-parallel isi.ANniCA. 

Costa  eoneolorons:  Htibeostal  and  median  voiiiH  wliit4! ;  .irdinary  spots  ringed 

and   pondi-red  witli  wliite itiVKltiiKNS. 

Costal  ball' of  basal  spare,  and  tbe  lar;;e  ordinary  spots  blnisli  ^ray  ;  prinniries 

stninjiy iti:»iMiri'i.A. 

Dnllliiteoiis:  transverse  lines  obsolete;  ordinary  spots  rather  small    atkikkka. 
Primaries  Ion-;,  tri^onate.  apiees  prodneed  ;  colors  f'ray. 
Park  ;ii.4y,  powdery:  ordinary  Hpots  paler;  transverse  tnacnlation  distinct, 

TKSSKLI.OIHES. 

Pale,  wliitisb;  ordinary  spots concolorrtiiN;  transverflo  niaonlation  indistinct, 

sji,i;n8. 
Carueades  fernaldi  Morr. 

1-75.  Morr,  Proe.  Ae.  Nat.  Sei.  Phil.,  HT:.,  J'J'.t,  .t;irolh. 
IH--,'.  (Jrl.,  III.  Ks.iay.  T,:l.  pi.  i,  f.  It,  AijrotiH. 

Ftiscoiis  ))r<)\vu,  wuhIumI  with  lilac  ;rray  ;  tfansverse  lines  vory  tlis- 
tinrt,  ovtMJ,  f;t'miii;it«',  tin*  iiicliiilcd  .space  },'ray ;  the  l»a.sal  spac*' most 
tUMisoly  iM)\V(l('n'(l  witli  ^ray  scales.  T.  a.  line  very  ohlicpie  oiitwanlly, 
its  coiifse  very  sli^rhtly  siiinat*' ;  t.  p.  line  nearly  parallel  to  outer  mar- 
{Tin;  the  inferior  portioti  of  nuMlian  space  very  narrow.  S.  t.  liiu't  lilac 
jjray,  irregular;  inwardly  determinate,  outwardly  shadinj;  into  a  ^'ray 
siilVnsion  of  the  fertninal  Hpaee.  Clavitorm  stmill,  oiitlinod.  Ordi- 
nary spots  lar};e,  detined,  powdered  with  jjrii.v ;  cell  before  and  between 
tbe  spots  black.  Secondari<>s  dusky,  ;i  marked  discal  and  terminal 
])aleliiie.  Meiieath  <liisky,  with  an  extra  ilistMl  pale  coaiiiion  lino  and 
darker  discal  spots.     Il«>ad  and  thora.x  lilac  \f,\'\iy. 

Kxpands  .'{7""" :  \Xi  inches. 

IIaimiai' — Maim'. 

A  very  handsotiie  species  and  so  well  tnarked  that  there  can  bo  no 
mistaking;  it.     I  have  se(>n  only  the  typo  in  Mrs.  Ferinihrs  collection. 


M. 


RKVISION    OV    SI'KCIKS    OF    THK    tJKNIS    AKKOTIS. 


is:j 


...IIASAI.IS, 

inoH  pall), 

HOI.ITAKIA. 

il;  "nliriiiiv 

NOK'IIIA 

iNvorso  lines 

IIKOCiAHIRR 

|I0II  Nlipi'lj. 
ItAIIOKNSIM. 

Iti'fon'  H.  t. 

.  KUItTIVIs. 
<tllH«l«lt>, 
•-.MrRHMAM. 

inlly  !iiij»(« ; 
:i.iHC<>iiii{.s. 
Kifiy ;    Hiz<» 

..iNKi;i.i.\. 
mri<>N  iiiorit 

ISI.ANPKA. 
XltH  rill^rcil 
•  IVI.miKNS. 

;  priiiiaricN 
:»iMiri'i.A. 

ATKIKKItA. 

intincf, 

I'.LI.OIDR.S. 

Itstinrt, 
s|i.r.Na. 


very  (lis- 
M'v  most 
twanlly, 
tov  mar 
uw  lilac 
)  11  ^M'ay 
Onli- 
l)ctwi»eii 
orminal 
iiio  and 


II  ho  no 
rHon. 


Carneades  opipara  Morr. 

l^Tt.  Morr..  I'ror.  IScmt.  Snc.  N.  11..  xvii,  Kj.'),  Agrotii. 

HT.'i.  Morr..  I'Myrlu',  I.  I'i,    tiiiotiH. 

l-7.'».  (Jrt.,  I'.sycJM',  I,  77  -iKlninliia. 

I'<7.'i.  Morr.,  I'syclu',  i,  ."."»,  iiii.  n|>.  <list.,  isliindira. 

H7«i.  (irt.,  I'Mycln',  i,W—iKliiiiiiira. 

1«7C..  (;rt.,  Sli'tt.,  Kill.  Zcil.,  XXXVI,  lll'i     iHlamlira. 

\'^<t.  SiiiiJii,  I'lit.  Amtr..  l,  l.'«,  an.  n\>.  (IihI..  inldnilicii. 

1^.-.'..  Sinitli,.Si.n.  Km.  Zcii.,  xi.vi,  •,'•»:».  .hjroUit: 

liihradon  iisis  Stj;r. 
1— '1.  St;,'r..  Si.-lt.  Kilt.  Zfit.,  XI. II.  110,  Aiirolin. 
IHSt.  .Moi'Hclil.,  St.lt.  Kilt.  Zfjt.,  XI. IV.  117,  Ai/rotin. 
ls«J."i.  ,><iiiilli.  Sictt.  Kill,  /('it.,  XI.VI,  'i-iW  pr.  Nyn. 

islaiiilirii !   Anrt. 
1-71'..  tirt..  .Sti-tl.  Kiit.  Zt'it..  XXXVI,  llt.'i,  AijihHm. 
1.-<7H.  I'a.k.,  Mull,  tii-oi.  .Siirv.,  iv,  Tm'!,  pi.  1.  Id,  .lijroliM. 
lfH:J.  Mof.Mclil..  Kh^lt    Kiit.,  XI.IV.  117,  .hjiolh. 
lM-.-|.  .Sniitii,  Stflf.  Kilt.  Zfit..  xi.vi,  'i-i.\,  pr.  Myn. 

Ash  iriay,  iiH'diaii  spaw  strc>ii{r|y  and  vaiialdy  siitlii.scd  with  hlark ; 
a  costal  {iat(!li  in  s.  t.  space  dusky.  Transvcr.sc  lines  distinct,  single; 
t.  a.  line  npi-i};lit,  very  little  waved  ;  t.  p.  line  tinely  creniilate,  aluMit 
]iarallel  to  the  onter  margin;  s.  t.  line  even,  pre<!eded  hy  a  series  of 
.satfittate  lilack  dashes.  A  liasal  hhurk  streak.  Clavil'onn  distinct, 
hlack.  Onlinary  .spots  distiin^tly  outlined,  arwy  :  renit'orm  with,  a  (!en- 
tral  dusky  line.  <)rbi(!iilar  variable  in  Ki/.(>,  usually  siiiidl ;  round. 
Cell  tilled  with  hlack.  Secondaries  dusky ;  a  darker  di.scal  and  termi- 
nal shade  line  and  di.scal  liiiiide.  iieneatli  pale,  with  a  distinct,  hroad, 
powdery,  transverse  line,  and  a  distiiurt  di.scal  liinule  on  each  winj;. 
Head  and  thorax  concoloroiis ;  collar  with  a  broad  blaitk  shade. 

Kxpands  :V2-M ' ;   l.'jr>-l.r»l>  inches. 

Haimt.xt.— New  Hampshire,  Mount  Washnifjtoii,  Lalirador. 

Mr.  (i rote  was  coinM'l  in  reCcrrinn  o/>j/m>7j  ami  ittlmnlii'a  Moeschl.  (wrc 
Slj/r.)  as  synonyinouH.  The  «'rior  is  .Moj'.schler's,  in  failing:  to  reco;;- 
ni/.e  the  distinction  between  the  Conns,  and  Mr.  (Irote's  lor  so  posilixely 
condemninj;  Mr.  Nbnrisoirs  species  on  msiiHicient  jironnds.  Mr.  Morri- 
.sou  was  also  correct  in  descriliin;;  his  specimen  as  distinct.  The  Lab- 
rador specimen  bclbre  me  is  smaller,  rather  shoiter  wiii;;cd,  than  the 
Mount  Washin;<['oii  Hpeciinens,  but  not  othcrwi.sc  distinct.  I'ntbrtn- 
nately  all  are  temales,  and  I  can  not  find  in  literature  any  de.s(>riptioii 
of  a  male.  It  is  barely  possible,  therelbre,  that  the  species  does  not 
belong;  tu  this  o^roiip. 

Canieades  tiisticula  Morr 

1H7.1.  Morr.,  Pro.-.  Ac.  Nnt.  Sci.,  Phil.,  1875,  4!«>,  .{qroti: 
Pale,  somewhat  luteiuis  jxray,  the  transverse  lines   ob.solcti>;  s.  t. 
line  indicated  by  a  row  of  t'nscoiis  spots.     A   basal  black  dash.     Ordi- 
nary spots  (Mim-oloroiis,    lar^e,   incomph'tcly   outlined  ;    a   triaii};iilar 
black   Hpot  befoie  orbicular  j   a  i[iiadiate   \nvU'\\  between   the  HpulH. 


1H4 


BULLETIN    .18,  ITXITKD    STATK8    XATI«»naI-    MI'SEl'M. 


r      * 

I* 


SerofMlaricw  fiale,  outwunlly  diinky.  Kenuath  |Kik*:  di.scal  liinul(>s 
<lu>ky.  rather  iiidetinitt*.  lleud  and  thorax  concoion>iu> ;  collar  with  a 
black  liaud. 

ExinuHUGT""  :  IJ>  inches. 

Habitat. — Maiiu*. 

KajMly  <Ii><iiii;riJi!sh«*4l  Iiy  it*i  iiicomph'te  marking.  Tin*  ty|M*  which  is 
before  me  i*  n*H  f^•^l^  and  sct'niH  somewhat  fad«*d  as  well  as  a  little 
mlilml :  the  liiK-s  are  faintly  traeeahle  and  are  single :  fre.sh  s|MH'inieiis 
I  tbiok  will  liave  them  fairly  distinct. 

Cariieades  mmiis  Grt. 

KV.  *;«..  Xofth  Am.  Eiit..  I,  :H.  .t;irolii. 

tmUmtU  tirt. 
I—*".  «.ft.,  \»nii  Am.  Kill.,  i,  '.M,    tiirolin. 

\*h  ;aay  with  faint  Idac  tin;;(  ;  median  («pace  more  or  leKs  evidently 
KaflTu.'w^l  villi  fu.<^-ou.'<.  forniin;:  an  evident  transvei>e  shade  line  parallel 
with  and  ch^e  to  t.  p.  line;  cell  very  distinctly  hiack.  relieving;  the 
lar^e  «MHra>lor(Mii(  ordinary  s|K)ts.  Transverse  lines  ilistinct,  single; 
t.  a.  line  a|>ri;;ht  and  nearly  straight  to  vein  1,  then  widely  Iteiit  out- 
wanlly  to  inner  margin:  t.  p.  line  evenly  creiiiilate.  parallel  to  outer 
margin.  i>.  t.  line  tolerably  even,  preceded  l>y  a  distinct  dark  shade. 
('lavifomi  oatliiie<l.  sometimes  sending  a  spur  almost  acn>ss  the  nuMliaii 
s|>ai-c.  Itenifortn  with  a  more  or  less  evident  dusky  internal  line. 
Onlinary  simttn  Meldoin  completely  outlined.  Secomlaries  yellowis!i 
fus«>oa>.  B*'Oeath  pale:  a  very  distinct  broad  common  line  and  liniatu 
diM^I  .«|iot.     Head  aii«i  tlionix  concolorous. 

KxiaiMl.t  .11-37" ":  l.:i'>-\.'A)  inches. 

II  ABi  I  AT. — Colonulo,  Nevada. 

Tlii-t  j.|ie<T«-*,  liy  the  presence  of  a  distinct  transverse  shade  across 
meilian  ^iiaci*.  eoiitiicts  somewhat  with  the  diagnosis  of  the  group: 
but  the  vholf  habilUK  ami  the  distinct  dark  cell  so  evidtMitly  places  it 
hen?  thai  wr  had  rather  make  it  exceptional  than  a.«i.MM-iate  it  with 
s|ie«'ie9(  with  which  it  otherwise  U'ars  no  very  close  relationahip. 

The  tyi**  of 'k/'/a/m,  a  (?  .  is  iK'Ibre  me,  Mr.  tlrote  in  his  desi'ription 
falU  into  the  ikingiilar  ern>r  of  describing  the  antenna  :ls  simple.  They 
are  lery  di'itinetly  wrrat** — brush  like,  as  Mr.  (irote  terms  this  struct- 
ure.    Ther«  IS  no  doubt  of  the  specific  identity  of  the  two  form.s. 

Caiiieades  dissona  Mo«>mIiI. 

l-0».  Mcvaviii..  \Vi«-ii  Km.  Moiiatsi'lir.,  n  ,  :>'>:>,  |>l.  '.».  f.  i,  A^rolu 

!»♦•:..  Swiik.  Em.  .%iiM'r  .  i,  14.  .Iiirotin. 

I-KJ    ■•Hniib.  Si.-tl.  Kilt,  /.••il.,  \l.vi.  "J-J:?.  .1i/»(>/m. 

rmrm  Park 
lf0i'.   t'*rk..  I'KH.  lioBl.  S«ic.  Nat.  ilinl..  \l.  IIH. 

Pale  ajth  gray  with  a  lilac  tint.  Tniiis\erse  lines  not  very  distinctly 
marked:  t.  a.  upright,  tolerably  even;  t.  p.  very  tinely  creiiulate,  par- 


al 

<-l 

d| 

rtj 

l»l 
a 

t: 


RKVISIo.N    OF    SIM:(UI:.S    of    the    OKNUS    ACiROTIS. 


185 


' 


allel  with  outer  iiiurgiii ;  h.  t.  line  pv(mi,  tiiiirked  with  a  ]irtH;e<ling  du.sky 
shade;  a  distinct  transverse  shade  paraUel  witli  and  ch>8e  to  t.  p.  line. 
Chiviforin  indistinct,  rather  lon<;  and  narrow.  Ordinary  spots  moder- 
ate, concolomus ;  reniforni  wilii  «larlv,  sometimes  buff,  central  shade. 
Secondaries  dusky  fuscous.  Pteneath  pah',  powdery;  a  distinct  discal 
lnnuh>.     Head  and  thorax  concoh)rous. 

Expands  .U""" ;  l..'iO  inches. 

Ha  uitat. — Labrador. 

I  liave  seen  <?  an<l  9  specimens  from  Mr.  Moj'scrhh'r.  Very  closely 
allied  to  munix,  but  smaller;  easily  distiiifjuished  by  the  blackish  w«)olly 
(tlothin^  of  the  un<Ierside;  the  same  parti»  of  muniH  white.  There  is  a 
difference  in  winj;  form  lu'tween  the  sexes,  those  <»f  tin'  9  In'ing  nar- 
rower, and  some  in  maculation,  the  9  bein^  somewhat  more  (com- 
pletely njarkcfl.  The  <^  was  sent  by  Mr.  Moes<!hh'r  sub.  tunu.Himplonia, 
and  was  not  recojjnized  by  its  desctriber  as  belonj^iu};  with  the  female 
type. 

Carneades  eiiroides  r>rt. 

lW7t.  r.rt..  rnu-.  Ai-.  Nat.  S.i.  riiil.,  IS7I.  *.>(!•,»,  Aijroiit. 

livrpura  Morr. 
1S74.  M«nr.,  Tror.  IJiwf.  Soc  Nut.  Hist.,  x\  ii,  Kil,  AgritH*. 

niuish  white,  about  the  tint  of  New  York  ('ity  milk.  liasal  space 
sonu' what  powdered  with  black,  a  dusky  shade  throii<;li  terminal  space, 
and  cell  before  an«l  between  ordinary  spots,  black.  Transv»'rse  lines 
};eminate ;  t.  a.  upri};lit,  outwardly  curved  between  veins ;  t.  p.  lunulate, 
somewhat  less  oblii|ue  than  outer  inar;<iii ;  s.  t.  line  marked  by  preced- 
ing black  triangular  spots.  A  lunate  terminal  liiu'.  A  very  taint 
dusky  transverse  shade.  Claviform  broad,  cnncolorous,  narrowly  out- 
linetl.  Ordiiiary  spots  very  large,  concolorous ;  leniform  with  a  narrow, 
dusky  central  line.  Orbic-ular  open  superiorly.  Seeondaries  fuseous. 
Ileneath  white,  ]>owdery;  dis<*  of  ]U'imarics  smoky;  a  distinct  lunate 
discal  spot  on  secondaries.  Head  and  thorax  concolorous;  collar  with 
a  broad  bhutk  line. 

Kxpan«ls  37-10  "■;  l..V-l.(»  inches. 

Haiutat. — ( 'alifornia,  Washington. 

A  very  distin«'t  spj'cies;  the  primaries  are  rather  narrow.  The  pale 
color,  large  ortliuiiry  spots,  ami  ItlacU  cell,  will  easily  separate  this  trom 
all  allied  forms. 

Caiiieades  alticola  Smith. 

IH'.td.  Smilli,  Trails.  Am.  Kill.  Soc.  wii,  .M,  .|//r«/ij». 
General  color  a  mixture  of  red  and  rlay  yellow,  varying  to  a  definite 
bright  red-brown  or  tieep  brick  re«l.  Collar  with  a  dusky  central  line, 
•  >t  apparent  in  dark  specini«>ns.  Primaries  always  with  a  darker 
siiude  betbre  the  s.  t.  line,  and  usually  the  terminal  space  also  is  darker. 
In  fully  marked  specimeiit  the  maculation  is  as  follows:  lia.sal  line 
geminate,  indistinct,  included  space  paler  than  ground  C(dtir;  t.  a.  line 


186 


nuLLiyny  n»<,  unitkh  states  national  mitski-m. 


!■:    t*1 


I  JB.t 
1     ••^ 

1     •' 


r      • 

(^    . 
I*  . 


jjorniiiate,  «li};litly  ohliiiuc,  stroiifjly  outcrurviMl  hctwpjMi  veins,  inclmlcd 
sp;u'«»  j)iil«'r;  t.  p.  line  vtM'j*  evoii,  panilli'.l  with  oiittT  inarfjin,  Koiiiiiiine, 
iiiiuM'  liiiti  ('n>nulat(%  lint',  iiicliKlcd  space  palo,  outer  lino  va;;iu',  nt't«Mi 
wanting;  from  this  ]Miiiit  the  s.  t.  space  usually  begins  to  ilaiken  to  the 
l>ale  s.  t.  line,  whicli  is  very  irrej,'ular,  sinuate,  outwardly  curved  over 
veins .'{  and  i,  and  a<;ain  over  veins  (5  and  8,  intervening,'  inward  anj^le 
quite  sharp.  (Mavif'orni  wanting;;  orhicular  round,  or  a  tritle  oblique, 
palerinjred,  with  (Mtncolorous,  or  somewhat  paler  center ;  n'nit'orm  hnj;*', 
kidney-shaped,  pale  rin;;ed,  inconqtletely  outlined  inferiorly,  wiiere  it  is 
somewhat  dark  filled,  outwanlly  pale  marked;  the  <'ell  between  the 
ordinary  spots  is  usually  darker,  sometimes  bla(;k,  and  in  siu'.h  case  in 
pale  specimens  a  <listinct,  dark,  median  sha«le  crosses  the  win};  from  that 
pati^h.  From  this  complete  maculation  the  variation  is  in  the  direction 
of  obsolescence ;  thebasal  and  t.a.  lines  are  the  first  to  j^o;  then  the  t.  p. 
line  bec'omes  iiulistinct,  and  the  pale  included  space  alone  is  sometimes 
seen  crossing  the  wing;  then  this  goes  and  oidy  the  s.  t.  line  renuiins, 
and  this  iHeviib'Utin  all  the  specimens;  the  darker  ]ireceding shade  is 
also  permanent,  but  variable  in  intensity,  while  tlu^  terminal  space  may 
be  eitlH'r  darker,  concolorous  with,  or  paler  than  the  ground  color.  The 
ordinary  spots  are  always  traceable,  but  vary  in  tlu'  line  of  obsolescence. 
The  most  strongly  nujditled  spe<!in>eu  is  dark  brownred,  with  all  save 
the  s.  t.  line  lost,  the  preceding  shade  very  slightly  marked,  ordinary 
spots  coiKMtlorous,  the  pale  deiining  line  very  narrow.  Secondaries  in 
the  ^  soiled  whitish,  with  a  narrow  dusky  outer  border;  in  the  9  Tuscous. 
lii-neath  powdery,  urimaries  n»ore  reddish,  secondaries  whitish,  no  outer 
transverse  line,  >>M'condaries  without  distinct  discal  spot. 

Expands  ;{1-;'..V"'" ;   1.2."i-1.40  inches. 

IT AIUTAT.  — Sierra  Nevada,  California. 

A  largo  series  of  this  interesting  species  is  before  me,  showing  what 
I  hope  is  the  entire  range  of  variation  of  the  species  which  is  a  ditbcidt 
one  to  pla<-e  in  a  table  by  reason  of  its  variability.  It  is  very  close  to 
what  I  jiave  determined  at  satis  Harvey,  but  dilVers  in  having  no  clavi- 
form,  in  lacking  the  gray  powderings  of  i)rimaries,  in  wanting  the  black 
defining  lines  to  the  <H'<linary  spots,  and  in  lacking  the  common  trans- 
verse line  of  the  underside.  Krom  ru/iiln,  to  which  it  is  also  allied,  it 
differs  in  having  th«>  median  space  coiu-ohu-ous  and  the  orbicular  always 
complete.  Singh^  specimens  of  the  speci«'s,  with  partly  obsolete  macu. 
lati(Ui,  may  be  dilVn-ult  to  locate  properly. 

Types  are  with  Messrs.  lOdwards  and  Neutnoegen,  and  in  the  U.  S. 
National  Museum  colle(^ti(Ui. 


wil 

V»' 
()U| 

iia| 
(M 

wil 
,.1.1 

I.I 
iinl 


Carneades  niftila  Siiiitli. 


1-1^7.   Smilli,  Pido.  I',  S.  Nat.  Miis.,  \.  H'.t,  .tijiolis. 

Somewhat  yellowish  red  brown:  median  space  darker,  red  brown. 
Cell,  exi-ept  ordinary  spots,  still  <ta.rker,  more  blackish.  Transverse 
lines  geminate,  iiu-lu<led  spa^-o  pale.  '  T.  a.  liiui  obli(pie,  outwardly 


•I'M. 


UKVISION    OP    SrKCIKS    OK    THE    GKNl'S    AOKiHIS. 


1H7 


IIS,  incliiih.,! 
I,  f;etiiini>.(e, 

ukfii  to  tli«' 

•  wan!  aiij;l(' 

iHc!   ol)|j(||H>, 

iforiii  liii;;<', 
wlioni  it  is 

«'t\W('ll    tlH' 

iii^li  case  in 
U:  from  that 
H'  direction 
Im'ii  tlu«  1. 1». 

SdllH'tillU'S 

ly  rotnaiiiH, 
11^  shade  is 
space  may 
•o\or.  The 
soh'sceiice. 
Ml  all  sav<> 
,  onliiiiiry 
tiHlarics  in 
9  Tuscons. 
Ii,  in> outer 


ivinj;  what 
a  (linicult 
[•y  (!los«'  to 
'i  no  clavi- 
the  Mack 
ion  trans- 
'  alliiil,  it 
ar always 
ote  niacii. 

the  U.  S. 


1  hrown. 
ansverso 
It  ward  ly 


cMi-ved  between  veins.  T.  j).  line  finely  and  evenly  «'rennlate,  parallel 
with  the  outer  niar;;in.  From  this  line,  which  is  like  the  basal  space, 
very  pale  yellowish  red  brown,  the  color  bei-omes  evenly  darker  to  the 
(inter  niarjiin,  nowl-ere,  however,  as  dark  as  the  median  space.  iS.  t.  line 
narrow,  pale,  intorrnpted,  sinuate.  A  row  of  terminal  dark  lunnles. 
(Mavitbrni  moderate,  incompletely  outlined,  pale.  Ordinary  spots  palo 
with  whitish  annuli,  moderate  in  si/e;  the  orbicular  sultoval,  not  com- 
pletely eloseil  snpj'riorly.  IIea<l  and  thorax  concolorous.  Sec(»ndaiies 
Mackish.  liem-ath  rusty,  powdery,  with  broail,  dilVusc  common  line 
;ind  distinct  discal  spot  on  all  winjjs. 

Kxpands  ."{I""";  l.LT)  inches. 

IIaimtaT.— New  Mexico,  7,(MK)  feet. 

A  siny;le  <^  specimen  in  <;ood  condition  from  Prof.  V.  H.  Snow.  The 
species  Is  very  disiinct  and  easily  re<!o^nized  by  the  very  pale  basal 
spi»ce  and  neatly  d«>(ined,  evenly  darker  median  space. 

Sinct'  the  spe«Mes  was  d«'st!ribed  I  hiive  seen  a  few  specimens  which 
indicat*^  a  deforce  of  variability  in  the  contrast  between  the  median  and 
basal  s|>aces.  One  specimen  is  almost  uniformly  pale  red,  but  the 
dusky  <'.ell  still  remained  to  mark  its  allies. 

Carneades  basiflava  Smith. 
If^DO.  Smllli,  Trans.  Am.  Kiit.  Soc.  xvii,  .VJ,  .Itjrntix. 

Deep,  dull  luteous  br'>wn,  with  black  powderin^s.  varyinjj  to  fpiito 
deep  blackish  brown.  Collar  concolorous,  or  sometiini's  head  and  collar 
paler  with  a  ferru;,nnous  tin;;e,  and  with  a  variably  t'vident  dark  trans- 
verse line,  less  distinct  in  the  pale  (  -^  )  specimen,  black  in  the  <lark  (  9  ) 
specimen.  I'rimaries  with  basal  space  paler,  the  contrast  most  marked 
in  the  male.  Itasal  lino  <listin(;t,  bla(;k,  an<;ulate,  i;eminate.  T.  a.  lino 
distinct,  {^^eminate,  the  inner  line,  sixnewhat  indistinct  but  not  oijsolete, 
outer  line  black  ;  tin^  course  very  even  and  nearly  npritrht  from  costa 
to  internal  v»'in,  then  with  a  lonj;  outward  (Mirve  to  inn<>r  mar;,'in.  A 
f:iint,  diffuse,  and  indelinite  median  shade  forms  the  d;irk  sliadinj;  be- 
tween the  ordinary  spots.  T.  j).  lim^  evenly  and  not  stronj^ly  curved 
over  lenifoiin,  very  slijrhtly  incurved  below  ;  the  line  is  geminate,  the 
inner  <!renulate,  tlieoutei'  very  even  ;  inclnd'Ml  space  <-)tn(-oloroiis  cu*  with 
ashen  jtowdeiinj;'.  S.  t.  space  slij^htly  paler;  a  narrow,  indefinite,  palc! 
s.  t.  line,  which  is  slijj:litly  sinuate  an<l  preceilcd  by  a  series«d"  some- 
what trianj^niiar  dark  spots.  A  vinv  of  blackish  terminal  lunnles.  No 
basal  dash  or  mark.  The  costa  is  sli^xhfly  p;der,  but  not  at  all  discol- 
ored or  contrasting^'.  Claviforni  distinct  but  small,  black  bordered. 
Orbicular  inwardly  obliqnt',  oval,  not  complete  superiorly,  bhu-k  mar- 
gined, sli<;htly  paler.  Keniform  of  fiiir  si/e,  ki<lirey-sha|»i'<l,  not  <'.um- 
plete  interiorly,  black  mar^iniMl  ami  with  a.  paler  annulu<<.  The  cell  is 
darker,  but  not  distinctly  bhu'k  between  the  ordinary  spots.    Second- 


pTt 


188  HULI-KTIN    :W,  UNITKI)    STATES    NATIONAL   MUSEUM. 

arics  smoky,  palur  and  iiioru  yvIlowJHh  in  \\w  inalo.  Hcneath  dark 
smoky,  ])rimarie.s  with  an  outer  line  marki'd  on  costal  Npace  only  ;  sec- 
ondaricM  paler  diseally,  with  a  Hmall  discal  spot  and  an  outer  line,  be- 
yond which  the  margin  is  darker. 

Expands  20-.iO""";  I.K^-l.L'O  inches. 

IIaihtat. — Northwest  Hritisii  Columbia. 

This  spe(Mes  is  allied  to  nath  and  rnfitla.  From  the  former  it  diflfers 
by  the  incomplete  orbicular.  It  is  a  darker,  shorter  winged  Hpecies, 
with  the  cell  more  dellnitely  dark  tilled.  From  ru/nla  it  differs  in  the 
dark  color  and  th(>  lack  of  the  distinct  contrast  between  the  median 
space  and  the  basal  and  s.  t.  spaces.  The  orbicular  is  as  in  ru/uUij  but 
the  under  side  is  mu<;h  darker,  with  the  maculatiou  not  marked.  Two 
specimens,  <^  and  9  ,are  before  nu',  differing  very  decidedly  in  appear- 
ance. The  male  is  ))aler,  the  maculatiou  more  distinct,  and  the  pallor 
of  the  basiil  spa<re  is  more  evident.  The  female  is  darker  throughout, 
the  tenden<'y  along  the  costa  and  in  the  ordinary  spots  to  a  cinereous 
powdering,  the  contrast  between  basal  and  median  space  not  well 
marked.  The  species  is  not  a  str«)ngly  marked  one,  but  is  distinct,  I 
think.  Though  most  difficult  to  separate  from  the  species  above  named, 
it  really  gives  the  impression,  in  the  9  more  espe(;ially,  of  icHseUata. 
It  can  not  well  be  that  species,  howev«'r,  variable  as  it  is.  It  is  a  good 
deal  more  likely  eventually  to  turn  out  a  variety  of  ru/itla. 

Carneades  satis  lliirv. 


I  Mi* 


187(5.  Iliirv.,  Tan.  Ent.,  \  in,  'M'),  .iijroli*. 

Red  br«>wn,  powdered  with  gray;  transverse  lines  geminate  T.  a. 
outwardly  obliipie,  curved  between  v«'ins  T.  p.  Iniudate,  outwardly 
curved  over  cell,  inwanlly  beneath  S.  t.  line  sinuate,  prece«led  by  a 
dusky  shade  or  dark  spots;  tenniiuil  space  a  little  darker.  (Maviform 
outlined, <'oncolorous.  Ordinary  spots  large, ctuicolorous;  black  ringed, 
and  marked  with  a  few  yelh»w  scales.  Secondaries  fuscous.  Beneath 
fuscouN,  powdeiy,  with  distinct  discal  spot  and  obsolete  common  line. 
Head  and  thorax  (Mincolorous;  collar  with  a  black  line. 

Kxpands  L'S-.TJ"";  1.1L»-1.'J.S  inches. 

IIAHITAT. — California,  Nevada,  Montana. 

A  small  species,  rather  illy  defined.  The  res(>mblance  to  the  tyjucal 
forms  of  the  group  is  obvious,  but  the  cell  is  not  s«>  <listin(rtly  black, 
rather  powdered  with  dark.  Dr.  Harvey's  desciription  is  unusually 
poor  and  comjjarative  with  another  species,  itself  described  only  com- 
paratively. From  Mr.  Fdwards'  collection  1  have  a  specinu>u  labeled 
HatiH  and  from  Mr.  Tej)per's  colletition  one  so  dt^tertnined  by  Mr.  Grote. 
Several  other  spe<Mmens  agree  with  these,  but  none  are  entirely  like 
the  de.scripti(Mi.  The  type,  1  understand,  canui  into  Mr.  Crote's  hands, 
and  his  identitication  is  probably  correct  and  therefore  here  adopted. 


•:uM. 


REVISION   OP   8FEC1KS   OF   TICK   OKN'TS    AOROTIS. 


189 


'iiwath  ilaik 
c  only  ;  sec- 
Iter  line,  be- 


lor  it  (lifTers 
H'il  KpocieN, 
iffcrs  in  the 
the  median 
ru/ula,  but 
rked.  Two 
•  in  iippear- 
il  the  pallor 
:hn)n;;hout, 
a  (;increou8 
!e  not  well 
I  distinct,  I 
ove  named, 
f  Unaellata. 
1 18  a  jTuod 


•ate  T.  a. 
outwardly 
etled  by  a 
i'laviform 
ek  riiijjtMl, 
Heneat  h 
imon  line. 


he  tyjjical 
tly  black, 
nil  usually 
i>iily  com- 
n  labfled 
Ir.  Grote. 
irely  like 
's  hands, 
lopted. 


Carneadea  reiia  •Sinitii. 

WM.  Smith,  Traiia.  Am.  Kiit.  Soc,  xvii,  r>:t,  .IgnitiH. 

(leneral  color  varies  from  a  very  pale  carneoiis  gray  to  a  distinct  red- 
dish gray,  the  change  being  rather  one  of  intensity  than  (;(»lor.  Head 
and  thorax  imiiiaculate,  palpi  dark  at  sides.  Primaries  with  the  macu- 
lation  not  strongly  contrasting,  transverse  lines  sometimes  obsolete; 
in  fully  marked  specimens  basal  line  distintrt,  geminate,  black.  T.  a. 
line  very  slightly  tuitcnrved,  irregular,  geminate ;  outer  line  blackish, 
broad,  distinct;  inner  line  faint  and  more  even.  T.  p.  line  geminate; 
outer  line  punctitbrin,  inner  line  narrow,  crenulated,  its  course  rather 
even,  and  not  stn)ii,;ly  ontcurved  over  reniform.  S.  t.  line  pale,  narrow, 
very  slightly  irregular,  relieved  by  a  distin(;t  dark,  rather  narrow  pre- 
ceding shade.  A  narrow  interrupted  dark  terminal  line.  This  macu- 
lation  may  be  wanting  in  ]iart  or  entirely.  One  specimen  lacks  all  but 
the  merest  trace  (»f  the  t.  p.  line;  usually  the  s.  t.  line  remains  distinct. 
Claviform  small,  incompletely  outlined,  in  pale  specimens  entirely  want- 
ing. Orbicular  large,  round,  slightly  irregular,  narrowly  pale  ringetl, 
a  black  spot  tilling  the  space  between  orbi<;ular  and  t.  a.  line  and  an- 
other dusky  shade  tilling  the  interval  to  the  reniform;  the  color  of  the 
included  sjiace  is  very  slightly  paler  than  ground  color;  reniform  larg«', 
upright,  kidney  shaped,  narrowly  outlined  in  ])ale,  with  a  leaden  gray 
tilling,  becoming  blackish  inferiorly.  These  ordinary  spots  are  (constant 
in  the  series  examined  though  the  distiiuttness  varies,  as  d<)es  also  the 
color  of  the  tilling  between  them.  Secondaries  soiled  white  to  pale 
fuscous,  the  ditfereiice  not  sexual.  lieneath,  primaries  fuscroiis,  ]iow- 
dery,  pale  atcosta,  with  an  outer  transverse  line  visible  only  at  costa 
and  a  large  «liscal  spot;  secondaries  much  paler,  powdery,  with  a  dis- 
tinct outer  shade  line  and  large  discal  spot. 

Expands  .'U-33""";  1. 2.5-1.32  inches. 

Habitat. — Sierra  Nevada,  California. 

The  series  before  me,  by  the  kindness  of  Mr.  Edwanls,  s1h)ws  quite  a 
long  range  of  variation  within  comparatively  narrow  limits.  There  is 
little  or  no  change  in  ground  color  nor  in  the  relative  position  or  course 
of  the  lines  or  spots,  while  the  whole  transverse  maculation  may  be  al- 
most completely  gone  and  only  the  ordinary  spots  remain.  In  structure 
it  fully  agrees  with  tesnellata  and  insi!in(tUi,iiiul  with  the  latter  of  these 
species  i-  is  most  nearly  allied,  being  closest  to  tlu^  form  described  as 
vefticalis  by  Mr.  (Jrote.  It  tlitlt^'s  essentially  from  this, however,  in  the 
shape  of  the  ordinary  spots,  and  especially  in  not  having  any  contrast 
whatever  between  median  and  s.  t.  space — a  marked  feature  in  all  the 
imignata  forms.  Judging  from  the  number  of  sitecimens  sent  by  Mr. 
McGlashan  the  species  is  not  uncommon. 

Two  specimens  referable  to  this  species  in  Mr.  Neumoegen's  collec- 
tion, marked  California,  without  indication  of  special  locality,  have 
the  ground  color  a  liiteous  brown  or  reddish,  with  a  faint  gray  shade 


lyo 


IJILLKTI.V    ;(8,   I'MTKI)    HTATKS    NATIONAL    Mi;.SKUM. 


over  Sill,  ami  tliu  cell  lietwetMi  tin;  onlinury  h|h>(h  iiimv  (ILstiiictly  (IiisUn. 
Otherwise  the  insM^iiliitioii  in  practicully  identical,  and  I  t-uu  nut  think 
thitt  \vc  bave  here  a  distinct  species. 


1  III, 


0,-»»  ■ 

ft: 

I    »' 


I' 

u  i 


Cariieades  iiisigiiata  Wlk. 
i<>«;.  Wlk.,  i;.  n.  Mum.,  Lfp.  iit-t ,  x,  :{:!ii,  j«/»«/m. 

lfV(l>.   IJiillii,  TiiiiiM.  Km.  Sim.,  Loinl.,  irt-^lt,  :{7i»,  Jijiolm. 

iltflunila  Wlk. 
Mm.  Wlk.,('.  It.  .MiiH.,  Lop.  ilot.  Siippl.,  xxxii,  iJii.?,  .Mmiunira. 
Ifl^-.'.  «;it.,  III.  KsNiiy,  1:1,  .l>jioli». 
18^:{.  (art.,  i'roc.  Am.  I'liil.  Soc,  x.\i,  l.'rti,  .tijiulm. 
IM.'."!.  Siiiiiiil.  t';iii.  Kill.,  XVII,  :W,  .lijroliH. 
!*■<"<.  Mull..  Trans.  Kiit.  Soc  L«m|.,  l-n'.t,  :t7l>  pf.  m^ii. 

Iiiliii  '  (ill. 
1H.V.'.  (ill.,  .Sp.  (It'll.  Nott.,  I,  •jyw,  AijroUx. 
Idd'J.  Uiill.T.  Trillin.  Kilt.  «<.»;.,  Koinl.,  H-'.l,  :m»  pr.  8yii. 

(Ucolor  Morr. 
1-71.  Mt.iT.,  I'mi:.  null.  .S.IC.  Ni»«.  lIJHl.,  xvii,  ll!',',  AijiofiH. 
IH".").  M'irr.,  (^iiii.  Kill.,  vii.  "Jl-I,  Aiirotin. 
1-77.  Morr.,  HiiH.  Hull.,  iii.'Jl-,',  Aijiotix. 

vampfHtr'tH  (irt. 
1875.  (Jrt.,  Can.  Kiit.,  vii,  l!-^,  pi.  I,  f.  (i,  Aijiotii, 
.I-I7."..  (irt.,  I'roc.  Ac.  Nal.  Sci.  IMiil.,  \r*7:>,  W.l,  Ayiotin. 
l-*?;'!.  Miirr.,  Can.  Knt.,  vii,  *il4  _  (taolor. 
lH7ri.  (irt.,  Can.  Kiil.,  \  11,  •.'•27  —  dtnilor. 
1«77.  (in.,  Kiill.  (icol.  ,>>iir\.,  iii.  IIH,  Ayrolh. 
(■-"S.  (irt.,  Hull,  (lci)l.  Siirv,  i\ ,  I7i'i,  AyroliH. 
iH'j'J.  HiUUt,  Trims.  Knt.  Soc,  Lunduii,  IW-H,  :!7li  pr.  syu. 

var.  VKitTiCAi.is  (irt. 
l-WO.  (irt.,  Hull.  Itklii.  Knt.  Soc,  iii,  Silt,  Ai/iotia. 
18ri'>.  Smith.,  Can.  Knt.,  xvii,  (i  -^  (leiluratu. 

Ground  color  from  carneous  grjiy  to  deep  blackish  or  brijiht  rust  red 
brown;  terininsd  space  always,  median  spiict^  nstiiilly  a  shade  or  two 
diirker  than  other  parts  ofwin^';  cell  between  ordinary  spots  and  to 
t.  p.  line  black  or  blackish  brown ;  lines  geminate,  variably  distinct, 
and  varying  in  course,  especially  t.  a.  line.  S.  t.  line  vjiriably  distinct, 
pale,  sometimes  only  marked  by  the  limit  of  the  diirk  terminal  spiice. 
Clavit'orm  distinct,  outlined,  Viiriiible  in  si/.e  iind  sliiipe.  Ordiuitry  spots 
very  large,  concolorous,  outlined  in  black,  iinnidate  with  yellow  stjales. 
S(;condaries  dusky  to  dark  fuscous.  Beneath  powdery,  variable  in 
shiide,  a  nu)re  or  less  incomplete  common  line  itiid  disual  liinuie. 

E.xpiinds  3l-.'{4""";  l.liri-L.'i.j  inches. 

llAniTAT. — Nova  iScotia,  Canada,  northern  United  States  east  of 
Kooky  iMountains. 

A  very  decidedly  inconstant  sjiecies.  Thirty  (.'r  more  specimens  ure 
before  me,  and  except  for  the  variety  vcrtiralis  no  two  are  alike.  It 
is  dillicult  to  describe  such  a  species  as  this,  which  varies  so  in  color, 
and  even  in  maculation.  The  wings  are  comparatively  rather  short, 
broad,  trigonate,  the  apices  rectiingidar.  The  ordinary  spots  are  al- 
ways very  large  aud  distinct,  contrasting  against  the  dark  tilling  of 


^:UM. 


KKVISIUN    OF    .SI'KCIF.S    OF    TIIK    GKNl'S    AGUoTlS. 


IDl 


irictl.v<liisk\. 
iiii  nut  tLiuk 


^ht  Mist  red 
Jiulo  or  two 
|u)t8  and  to 
l)I.V  distinct, 
)Iy  (listinct, 
linal  space, 
liiiary  spots 
How  scjiles. 
variably  in 
lule. 

tcs  east  of 

iciniens  uru 
1  alike.  It 
10  in  color, 
ther  short, 
lots  arc  aN 
\s.  tilling  of 


(!ell.  This,  the  usually  very  distinelly  ;,'eniiuate  transversi-  lines  and 
the  sniootli  stpiauiniation,  will  ordinarily  sullice  to  distiM;;uisli  the  t'ornis 
ot  the  spet'ies. 

Vertirnlis  is  applied  to  a  toleraltly  (constant  liri;;)it  earneons  ;^ray  form 
t'roMi  (Colorado  anti  Montana;  ninie  of  the  other  lorius  are  well  enou;;h 
marked  to  receive  separate  designation. 

TIm^  only  species  with  which  the  present  is  likely  t«>  lie  at  all  eoni'usrd 
are  t<'HHiU<ita  umi  nitiripcHnifi,  iuu\  the  dilVerences  authorizing  those  spe- 
(Mes  are  pointed  out  in  the  descriptions  t hereof. 

The  synonymy  wf  tlu'  species  as  I  have  it  at  present  is  in  (rinupliance 
with  .Mr.  ISutler's  references  in  the  Transactions  of  the  l'jitomo|o;;ical 
Society  of  London  for  ISSIJ.  There  does  ntit  s«'em  much  room  lor  ciior 
in  so  strongly  marked  a  species.  The  ilistribntion  is  wide,  but  iloes 
not  seem  to  extend  southward.  The  species  oc<'urs  in  northern  New 
York,  but  I  have  not  seen  it  from  Long  Island.  It  does  not  seem  to  In; 
found  in  the  Central  States,  but  re-api>ears  in  the  high  Western  plateaus. 

Canieades  lewisi    Cit. 
Irt7:i.  (irt.,  IJiill".  Mull.,  i,  i:J7,  pi.  I,  f.   Id,  I'lfimerlnpodd. 

''  <5  Jieddish  i»nr|de  brown,  not  unlike  Aijintis  jtlertit  or  IcHntstujmn  in 
general  color,  but  moieroliust,  and  without  the  paie  longitudinal  shades 
oil  primaries.  Transver.se  lines  obliterate;  niedian  lines  dark,  narrow, 
'  faint ;  t.  p.  line  sublunulate,  projected  opposit^is  the  cell,  running  evenly 
to  iiitermil  margin.  Unlinary  spots  large,  concolorou.s,  with  a  narrow, 
pale,  powdery  etlging  separated  by  the  black,  welldetiiied  shade  wiiich 
tills  up  the  cell  and  is  slightly  a]iparent  before  the  orbicular.  Median 
shade  apparent  below  the  orbictdar  ami  appro.vimate  to  the  t.  p.  line. 
Subterminal  line,  pale.  Terminal  space  duller,  paler,  le.ss  red  tliantlie  rest 
of  th»i  wing;  no  terminal  line,  fringes  coniM)lorou.s.  Hind  wings  pale, 
testaceous  fu.sctins,  silky,  without  marks  above  or  below.  Head  ami 
thorax  reddish;  feet  pale  dotted;  abdomen  a  little  darker  than  sec- 
ondaries. Costal  edge  of  primaries  with  anteapical  pale  dots,  visible 
on  tin',  red-stained  costal  etlge  beneath.  The  forewings  beneath  are  like 
secondaries  without  marks." 

lOxpands  'M  """;  \.'M  imthes. 

llAiUTAT.— Colorado.     (C^oll.  T.  L,  Mead.) 

In  the  de.S(!riptii»n  of  the  genus  I'U'itnertnpoda  Mr.  (Jroto  well  dclines 
the  characters  t»f  the  ^('««r//«^r  group.  There  is  thus  no  doubt  of  the 
position  of  the  speiries  which  1  am  strongly  inclined  to  believe  a  mere 
variety  of  iessellata.  I  have  specimens  agreeing  perfectly  with  the  de- 
scription as  to  color,  but  all  have  the  t.  a.  line  perfe(;tl.>  distinct,  and 
none  are  immacalate  beneath.  On  the.se  two  points  apparently  re.sts 
the  claim  of  this  in.sect  to  rank  as  a  species.  It  must  be  provokingly 
closi^  to  some  of  the  reddish  forms  of  tesscUataj  but  may  be  entirely 
distinct. 


102 


IJI'LLKTIN    :tH,   rNITKI)    STATF.S    NATIONAL    MISEUM. 


Cariieadea   tedsellata  lIurrJH. 


5*" 


I  •» 

I    »' 


IHI.'i.    IliiiTiN.  Iiipl.  III!*.  Mii.H.H.,  .Iijriiliii. 
lH4'itl.   lliirriN,  liij.  IiiN.  Flint  ctl.,  Iiri,  .lijntliii. 
1^77.  (in.,  r.iill.  <;<i>I.Sm\  ,  III,  11",    liiroliH. 
I*":!.  Siiiiiiil.,  Fruit  Iii^m-cih,  :',-i~,  I'.  :»Ui,  .I</i«/m. 

iNfiici  Fitcli. 
IKV;.   Filch, -M  l{.|'l.  Ins.  N.  Y. ,:«!:{,  .l.«/r«»/M. 
If-iM.  Fit.li,  '.till  K.|ii.  ItiH.  N.  Y.,-j:t7-,'l'.»,  pi.  4,  f.  •-',!'.  :«,Jj/r(»<i«. 
1H7I.  «trol«>,  (Jan.  Kilt.,  VI,  II",  |tr.  HVii. 
187^^.  Liiitii.,  Flit,  font.,  IV,  !•,»•.',  iir.Hvii. 

nii/rii iiiik',    |{il*-y. 
If<(>l».  Kili-y.  IhI  U.'|tt.  Ins.  Mu.,  "7,  lyra/ix. 

itlniiniri>iirtii  (irt. 
lf^7.  (Jrt.,  Itull.  (miiI.  Snrv.,  ill,  ll",  .l.r/ri»/M. 

Ash  j^ray  to  dark  n*«l  lnowii,  inoralc  with  bha'k,  the  veMtitiire  roii;;ii, 
H<|iiaiiiino.s«'.  Tiaiisvcr.'^c  lilies iiH  ill  insujnatn  liiit  less  ilistiiict  and  tiiicr. 
8.  t.  liiu^  usually  distinct,  yi-I  lowish,  sinuat*',  ol'tt'ii  prcccdfd  l»y  a 
darker  shade,  the  terminal  space  ilarker.  Clavilorin  taint ly  marked. 
Ordinary  spots  nsnall.x  well  si/.etl,  jiowdered  with  jrray  4>r  yellow  ;  or- 
liiiridar  often  small,  round  ;  renit'orm  powdery,  often  obseiired  liy  a  dusky 
slnule.  Secondaries  tiiscons,  paler  toward  liaise,  lieneath,  as  in  inHuj- 
nttt(t. 

Kxpands  ;{l,'-."5."*""";  l.L'."-!.  to  inches. 

Hauhat — Canada  and  I'nited  Slatt's. 

Compared  with  inHi(/ii<tt(i,  this  species  dilVers  in  the  h'ss  even  sqinmi- 
niose  vestitnre  of  primaries;  the  color  also  less  clear  and  delinite. 
The  cell  is  not  .so  distinctly  black,  and  tlu'  ordinary  j^pots  are  pow- 
dery. While  it  is  dillicidt  to  htcate  the  ditterenee,  yet  the  distinctnesH 
of  this  form  is  at  once  obvious. 

Mr.  (Jrote's  variety  atrointrpurm  is  based  upon  the  mere.''t  dillerence 
in  shadt^  and  is  a  pure  synonym. 

There  is  a  consideraide  amount  of  variation  in  this  species,  and  e.\- 
actly  where  it  entls  1  can  not  yet  say.  It  is  not  impo.ssible  that  of  the 
Californian  forms  some  may  yet  be  consideretl  worthy  of  a  specitlc  name. 
Several  specimens  were  in  a  lot  recei\e«l  from  Mr.  Kdwards,  all  from 
the  kSierra  Neva«la,  California,  and  which  I  separated  at  first  under  the 
term  iiitrusa.  More  careful  compari.sons  and  studies  lead  me  tu  the  be- 
lief that  we  have  to  do  with  a  variety  of  tcsscllata,  merely  ditVering 
from  the  eastern  form  principally  in  a  distinct  reddish  sulVnsion  uf  the 
primaries,  and  an  infusion  <»f  yellow  into  the  secondaries.  The  cell  ha- 
tweeu  the  (U'dinary  spots  is  not  so  distinctly  black  in  some  s]iecimen8, 
and  in  these  the  median  shade  is  somewhat  more  apparent,  one  speci- 
men showinj;  (juite  a  stronj^  resemblance  to  the  messoria  forms.  The 
term  intrusa  may  be  used  to  denote  this  reddish  powdered  form  with 
the  ordinary  spots  pale  and  contrasting;,  the  head  and  collar  distinctly 
more  retldish.  The  si/e  and  other  characters  resemble  the  type.  Speci- 
mens of  this  form  labeled  intrma  m.  are  in  the  collection  of  llutgers 


:i:m. 


KKVISIOX    OF    .Sl'KCIEH    OK    THK    (JKM  S    A(iKOTIS. 


1!)3 


itiire  roiijrh, 
>^t  niid  tiller. 
I't'dnl  hy  a 
tl.v  iiiarktMl. 
yellow ;  or- 

I  l>yH<lii.sk.v 
as  ill  iimiy- 


veil  s(]iiuii|. 
1(1  (letiiiite. 
s  jiie  pow- 
listiiictiie(4.s 

t  (litU'ruiicu 

t"»,  :iihI  ex- 
tliat  of  tlie 
'cific  name, 
is,  all  from 
:  iimler  the 
'  to  tlie  be- 
r  <lit!eiiiijj 
<i<)ii  of  the 
he  cell  Ixj- 
ipecimeiis, 
one  Npeei- 
ims.    The 
form  with 
distinctly 
>e.    Speci- 
f  liutgers 


('ollego,  (■one(!tion  of  Ily.  Kdwunls,  ami  collection  of  U.  8.  Niitionul 
.MiiHeum. 

This   form   may  be  rather  closely  related    to  Mr.  (Jrote'H  atriyilisj 
which  1  «lo  not  know. 

Carneades  alblpeniiis  Urt. 

l-*"*.  (Jrt..  HiiH'.  Itiill..  III.  IIS    .iijioliH. 
Kr*.  (Jrt.,  Itiill.  «Mt>l.  Sniv.,  \  i,  JT.'i,  .iijiotiH, 
l-":t.  (in.,  I'roL-.  Am.  Phil.  S<ic.,  xxi,  l.'it!,    iiinilin. 

9   HK/ri/ini/iii  (!lt. 
H-Ml.  (;ri..  ISnll.  <it(»l.  Siiiv..  \  i.  I.V.I,  Ayrotit. 
1*W.  (irt..  Nfw  l.,i.st,  J.'i  |>r.  .syii. 

Fuscou.s  to  deep  blackish  brown  ;  the  freneral  appeanuu^e  very  lik(» 
.sonn-  forms  (*t  insi;)n<itii.  and  this  form  (ran  bi'st  In  ':  .sciilied  compara- 
tively. Smaller,  .somewliat  nai'row»'r  wiii;;ed,  tlietrai"  >  erse  lines  miudi 
more  faintly  marked  and  liner;  t.  p.  line  usually  oi>solete ;  ordinary 
sp(»t.s  size  and  form  as  in  insiijudfif,  but  (roneolo;  >iis  with  darke.-t  por- 
tiiui  of  win;;  (except  cell).  Secondaries  S  \,..ite,  9  fn-' -uiLS.  Tlii.s 
Iatt<>r  cl        '  (cr  is  distinctive  of  the  species. 

Kxpands  ;{1"'';  l.l.'"i  inches. 

liAlllTAT. — lOast  of  Kocky  Mountains,  Camuia. 

This  is  a  very  pretty  ami  distinct  little  specries,  which  is  easily  rocoff- 
ni/able  by  the  smooth  even  troloriii;;  and  «liisky,  lar;,'c  sized  ordinary 
8|M>ts.  The  white  .secondaries  of  the  mah'  as  com|iai'ed  with  the  dusky 
color  of  the  female  easily  .si'jiarate  the  specues  from  all  the  allied  forum 

Carneades  spectanda  .Smitli. 
1890.   Sinitli,  Tnuis.  Am.  Mill.  Soc.,  xvii,  .M,  .tgrotit. 

(leneral  color  a  rather  biijjht  luteoiis  ^ray  with  a  glaiicus  tint  over 
all.  Head  somewliat  darker,  with  a  consitlerable  admixture  of  blairk 
.scales.  Inferior  part  of  (;ollar  also  dusky,  limited  by  a  distinct  trans- 
verse black  line  above  which  are  white  .sirales.  The  pata;;ia5  arc  al.so 
Homewhat  darker  and  mai-;fined  with  blaiik  .scales.  Primaries  very 
smooth  in  j,'ciicral  color,  the  tcniiiiial  s|(ace.  and  costal  portion  of  s.  t. 
spaje  ilarkcr,  mm-e  powdery,  cell  tilled  with  black  about  tin*  pah'  (M"<li- 
nary  spots,  lia.sa!  line  black,  gemmate,  distinct.  T.  a.  line  geminate, 
well  marked  on  costa,  incurved  on  costal  vein,  thence  slightly  oblnpie 
outwardly  to  internal  vein  and  a  long  outward  curve  below.  T.  p.  lino 
geminate,  outiiurved  over  reiiiform,  then  nearly  parallel  with  outer 
margin;  inner  line  narrow,  crenulate,  listinct;  outer  line  even,  much 
less  evident.  S.  t.  line  narrow,  pale,  sinuate,  marked  by  the  darker 
terminal  space.  A  .series  of  black  terminal  lunules,  and  a  yellow  line 
at  ba.se  of  fringes.  Claviform  moderate  in  size,  concohirous,  distinctly 
outlined  in  i»lack.  Orbicular  moderate  in  size,  slightly  irregular,  but 
hardly  obli(pie,  distinctly  black  ringed  anil  with  a  very  narrow  border 
of  pale  scales.  Iveniform  moderate  in  size,  of  the  normal  form,  with  a 
U'3G4a— Bull.  ,J{j 13 


104 


lUTLLKriN    :i8,   IMTKI)    .STATKS    XATIOXAI. 


MlSKl'M. 


IKiler  ct'iitial  line.  S»'<rotni;iries  ?  white,  tin-  veins  daik  marked, 
lieiieatli  white,  pninarie.s  soiuewhat  ^iiiuky,  and  with  a  truce  of  au  outer 
line. 

Expands  .*{;{•"■" ;  1.32  inches. 

IlAin  r \T. — California  ( Neainoe;rt'n). 

A  sin<,'le  I'einale  only  of  this  i»n-tty  and  sharply  delined  species  is  at 
hand.  It  has  all  the  appearance  and  .structural  peculiuriliesof  the  tcs- 
sfllt(t((  jjroup.  The  white  secondaries  of  the  9  ally  it  wilh  jxiUipi-nnis, 
while  the  niaeiilation  of  piiniaries  is  much  more  like  alhipenniN,  or  even 
insit/iuitit.  Some  clearly  marked  .sjit'cimeiis  of  Uxxrllida  resemble  this 
Hpecies,  hut  the  white  secondaries  are  always  distinctive.  Had  the 
specimen  been  a  nialc!  the  white  .secondaries  would  not  have  been  so 
important,  as  the  female  may  have  tlusky  .M-coiidaries  when  those  of  the 
S  are  white.  The  reverse,  however,  is  uever  the  ca.se  within  my  experi- 
ence. 

Carneades  palliparnis  Smith. 

Id87.  Smith.,  I'mu.  II.  S.  Nat.  Mas..  X.  *;i.  Jgrotit. 

Pale  whitish  };ray,  powdered  with  fu.scous;  terminal  space  darker. 
Transver.se  lines  yeminate  ;  t.  a. .sli;;htly  obliipie  and  mo(U'iately  curved 
between  veins  ;  t.  p.  crenulate,  outwardly  aii;iulate  on  costa  over  cell, 
then  oblicpiely  in  a  ri;,Md  line  to  internal  mai;,Mn.  S.  t.  line  denticulate, 
narrow,  pale,  marki'd  by  a  precedin;:  dark  shade.  A  very  faint  median 
shade.  Claviform  obsoletely  indi<:ated.  Ordinary  spots  moderate,  nor- 
mal in  shape,  incompletely  outlined;  cell  iK'tween,  dusky.  Secondaries 
pure  white.  iJeneath  white;  pt»wdery  toward  apice.>* :  an  incomplete, 
imperfectly  marked  common  line.     Head  and  thorax  concoloroii;;. 

Expands  ;}l-;5;{"""  ;  l.LM-L.'U)  inches. 

Hahitat. — Colorado,  northwest  IJriti.'ih  Columbia. 

There  is  no  dilliculty  in  recoj,'nizinu'  this  species  once  it  is  referred  to 
this  jiroup,  but  it  mij.cht  with  almost  e<|U.il  justice  have  been  referred  to 
iiii'SNorid  and  associated  with  (nhiruUirix.  The  black  shading;  on  C4'll  is 
indetinite:  the  nudian  shade  more  or  le.ss  ev:<lent  on  each  specimen. 
It  mijiht  even  have  bci'ii  referred  to  tlw  pityvliroux  ;;rou|>  without  doinjf 
violence  to  the  arraii};«Muent.  In  truth  lliis  is  one  of  tho.se  unfortiinato 
forms  that  lit  mnvhere  ami  has  no  decided  Hiaracteristics.  It  is  one  of 
those  species  that  there  is  a  temptatitui  to  utterly  destroy  to  get  rid 
of  it. 

A  9  specimen  from  IJritish  Columbia,  received  since  the  above  was 
written,  has  the  median  shade  less  marked,  the darkenin^M)!' the  (U'll  be- 
tween the  spots  .listinct,  and  a  black  siMit  iN-fore  the  orbicular.  The 
reference  to  this  groiii*  is  therefore  fully  justilied. 

Carneades  basalls<:rt. 

1S70.  Oil.,  X.  Aiii'T.  Knt..  i,  '■'>>*.  .I'jnih: 

Tale,  rather  rusty  r»'d  brown,  ba.sal  space  yellowish  pfray,  terminal 
space  darker  brown.    T.  a.  Hue  indicate*!  ou  costa  and  below  miildlo, 


« 


Iv    marked, 
of  ail  outi'i 


ki:visi()N  OF  .srKciKS  of  tiif  oknus  agkotis. 


195 


)(M!I(».S  IS  at 

<  of  the  tcs- 
xiUipciinis, 
in,  or  ovcii 
cm  hie  this 
Had  the 
vc  hi'i'ii  so 
lose  of  the 
my  experi- 


[!«  darker, 
el.v  curved 
.  over  cell, 
-'Uticnhite, 
lit  median 
'late,  nor- 
(ioiidaries 
("omplete, 


L'fened  to 
I'ft'i'ied  to 
oil  (tII  is 
peeiiiieii. 
Diit  (hiiiig 
fortnuato 
is  oiio  of 
o  yet  ri«l 

)ove  was 
e<!ell  be- 
par.    The 


terminal 
■  middle. 


};eminate,  upri^rht,  liinitin};  the  pale  basal  space.  T.  p.  line  i>unctiform, 
snbobsolete.  S.  t.  line  distinct,  pale,  irre<,'ular.  Ordinary  spots  large, 
pale,  well  deliiuMl ;  orbicular  open  superiorly.  Claviforin  faintly  indi- 
cated, small.  Secondaries  pale,  outwardly  fuscous.  Ueiieath  pale,  pow- 
dery toward  apices  and  alon<;  costal  inar<;in  ;  an  iiidetinite  coniiiion  line 
and  an  obsoletely  marked  discal  lunule.     Head  and  thorax  ferruginous. 

Kxpands  ."57- U>"" ;  1.5-1.(1  inches. 

1 1 A  HIT  AT. — Colorado. 

Very  distinct  by  the  re<l  color  and  |)ale  basal  space.  It  shows  by  its 
wing  form  and  habitus  the  relationship  of  the  group  to  the  IxhstonicHsis 
section  of  the  messoria  group.  The  cell  between  the  spots  is  only  slightly 
darker. 

Carneades  solitaria  .Siiiitli. 

1— •:>.  Smitli,  Stftt.  Kilt.  Zril.,  XLVi,  '2-iA,  .tiirotis. 

IJiisty,  .somewhat  yellowish  red;  powdered  with  black  scales;  most 
distinctly  in  the  median  space.  Transverse  lines  pale,  gray,  even,  not 
well  defmeil.  S.  t.  line  also  gray  but  little  sinuate.  Terminal  space 
powdered  with  black.  Claviform  obsolete.  Ordinary  sjiots  distinct, 
moderate,  yellowish.  Orbicular  round,  reiiiform  normal.  Cell  between 
tli»'si»ots  but  little  darker.  Secondaries  black isli.  Ik'iieatlHleep  smoky 
gray,  powtiery  ;  discal  lunules  evident.  Head  pale,  thorax  carneous 
gray. 

Expands  ;}3""" ;  1.32  inches. 

Hauitat. — Lal)rador. 

A  single  speciiueii  from  Mr.  Moeschler,  ticketed"!  var.  mnflun.'^ 
Typical  conjliiu  does  not  occur  in  America  so  far  as  I  have  been  able  to 
discover.  The  present  species  is  certainl,\  not  vonjlua  and  agrees  with 
no  other  form  known  to  me.  It  has  the  wing  form  and  .somewhat 
similar  cohu-  oflxtsalis,  from  which  it  diilcis  in  smaller  size,  neatly  de- 
(iiicd,  <u°diiiarv  sjiots  and  lack  of  basal  pale  space,  as  well  as  by  the 
blackish  .secondaries. 

Canieadcs  nostra  Stnitli. 

l^iK).  Sinitli,  T'iiiiH.  Am.  Diit.  Soc,  xvii,  .V.,  .tijrolit. 
(leiieral  cohir  ;  somewhat  liiteous  brown,  varying  a  little  in  sha<le. 
Sides  of  palpi  darker,  the  front  sometimes  with  dark  scales,  (.'ollar  with 
a  somewhat  faintly  marked  median  transverse  line.  Thoracic  tuftings 
gray  tipi»ed,  .sometimes  the  entirt'  thorax  somewhat  darker  in  shade 
than  the  gnuind  color.  Costal  region  powdered  with  gray,  more  broadly 
at  base,  t«'riniiial  space  bhuikish,  not  greatly  contrasting,  and  somewhat 
variable  in  the  amount  of  the  dark  shading;  on  apical  blotch  gray 
])ow<lered.  IJasal  line  jircsent,  geminate,  not  well  marked.  T.  a. 
line  geminate,  very  slightly  obli(|ue,  with  a  ilistinct  mitward  curva- 
ture in  the  interspaces;  the  line  is  sometimes  barely  traceable,  and  the 
two  parts  are  generally  (Mpially  distinct.  T.  p.  line  nearly  parallel  with 
the  «>uter  margin,  the  inner  line  linely  crenulated,  outer  line  reduced 


196 


miLLKTIN    38,   UNITED    STATES    NATIONAL    MUSEUM. 


rr- 


l"W' 


on, 

•'t  I, 


I  A*.  .J 
,  .«:;■, 

»    ■  ■ 

I*  J 


to  a  row  of  small  veuular  dots  which  aro  sometimes  wanting ;  sometimes 
tile  entire  line  is  scarcely  traceable.  iS.  t.  line  irregnlar,  concolorous, 
marked  only  by  the  dusky  terminal  space  and  by  a  vagne  preceding 
shade ;  a  series  of  small  terminal  lunules.  (JIaviform  indetinitely  out- 
lined, coucolorous.  Orbicular  oval,  of  good  size,  black  ringed,  gray 
isowdered.  Heniform  large,  kidney  shaped,  narrowly  black  ringed,  cou- 
colorous or  slightly  paler,  somewhat  leaden  tilled  iuferiorly.  The  spots 
are  always  distinct,  but  somewhat  variable  in  point  of  definition,  some- 
times incompletely  outlined.  The  space  between  the  spots  is  darker, 
but  never  black  or  prominent.  One  specimen  shows  a  black  spot  pre- 
ceding the  orbicular,  and  another  has  the  entire  maculation  obscured, 
the  ground  color  paler  tiian  normal.  Secondaries  smoky  fuscous,  the 
veins  <larker,  <liscal  lunule  of  underside  visible.  Beneath  powdery  fus- 
cous, with  a  discal  spot  on  all  wings  and  a  variably  distinct  outer  line. 
In  one  specimen  the  line  is  wanting  entirely. 

Exi)ands  38-40""" ;  l.r»0-l.<iO  inches. 

Habitat. — Sierra  Nevada,  California. 

This  species  is  allied  to  baaaUs  and  solitaridy  having  all  the  structural 
characters  of  the  tessellata  group.  In  snperticial  appearance  it  strongly 
resembles  sauvia,  and  I  am  very  sure  I  have  seen  the  species  mixed  with 
mucin  in  collections.  Tlis  tnberculate  front  and  the  structure  of  the 
antenna'  will  serve  to  distinguish  the  present  species  at  once.  It  has 
the  wing  form  oi  mi(eia  rather  than  tessellata,  .ind  by  this  character  and 
the  dusky  terminal  space  bears  some  resemblance  to  the  cbiereoniaculata 
form  of  ochrnytistcr  Gn. 

The  species  seems  tolerably  common  judging  from  the  number  of  speci- 
mens sent. 

Types  in  the  Kutgers  College  collection, collection  of  Ily.  Edwards,  and 
collection  IJ.  S.  National  Museum.  Mr.  Neumoegen  also  has  s]>ecimen8 
in  his  collection. 

Carneades  ocbrogaster  Gn. 

ia'>2.  Gn.,  Sp.  Gfii.,  Noct.,  I,  3i>7,  Soctua. 

18.%.  Wlk.,  C.  n.  MuH..  Lop.,  Il.t.  X,  408,  Ovhrophitra. 

1880.  Git.,  Hull.  (m'oI.  Siirv.,  vi,  50<i,  Agroiin. 

viiieiromaciilala  Morr. 
1871.  Morr.,  I'roc.  Bost.  .S(  c.  N.  H.,  xvii,  l(i4,  Agrotia. 
IHTJi.  Grt.,  Can.  Ent.,  vii,  ',»!»(»,  .iffiolh. 
187.'>.  'irt.,  Proc.  Ac.  Nat.  Sci.  I'liil.  In?;'),  VS.\,  .Igrotk. 

yiilariH  Grt. 
1875.  Grt.,  Proc.  Ac.  Nat.  Sci.,  Pliil.  IST.'i,  i2\,  Ayrotis. 

9  titrris  (Jrt. 
187.^).  Grt.,  ("iin.  Ent.,  vii,  220,  Ayrotin. 
1880.  Grt.,  null.  Gool.  .Surv.,  vi,  .182,  =ifH7fln«. 

From  bright  clay  yellow  sufl'u.sed  with  reddish  to  distinct  red  brown. 
In  |)ale  specimens  median  space  more  brown  or  reddish  ;  terminal  space 
darker  fuscous;  costa  somewhat  paler.  A  <listinct  basal  black  shade 
reaching  to  t.  a.  line  and  continued  beyond  that  line  as  the  black  clav 


M. 


REVISION   OF   SPECIES   OF   THE   GENUS   AOROTIS. 


197 


sometimes 
•ncoloroius, 
precodiiig 
nitely  out- 
ged,  gray 
nged,  cou- 
Tbe  spots 
ion,  some- 
is  darker, 
spot  pre- 
obscured, 
scous,  the 
svdery  fus- 
3uter  Hue. 


structural 
t  strongly 
lixed  with 
ire  of  the 
).  It  has 
'acteraud 
wiaciilata 

r of sped- 

ards,  and 
pecimeus 


1  brown, 
lal  space 
k  siiade 
ick  chvv 


iform.  Cell  black,  defining  the  ordinary  spots ;  orbicular  variable  in 
size  and  shape,  usually  round,  concolorous,  powdered  with  gray,  or 
entirely  pale ;  rarely  incomplete;  reniform  always  distinct,  comi)lete, 
large,  outlined  by  a  black  lino  annulate  with  yellowish,  centrally 
clouded  with  dusky.  Transverse  lines  often  obsolete;  when  present, 
t.  a.  upright,  sinuate,  not  crossing  pale  costal  space;  geminate;  t.  p. 
illy  marked,  somewhat  extended  on  the  veins,  parallel  with  outer  mar- 
gin. S.  t.  line  pale,  marked  on  costa  and  below  vein  (*  by  a  preceding 
dusky  shade.  Secondaries  dull  fuscous,  lieneath  vari;ible,  powdery, 
with  distinct  discal  spots.  Head  aM<l  thorax  concolorous,  collar  with  a 
dark  line;  thorax  with  low  anterior  and  posterior  divided  tufts. 

Expands  .'J7-40"""  ;  l.r»-l.<;  inches. 

Habitat.— Canada,  Northern  and  Eastern  States,  Michigan,  Mis- 
souri, Colorado. 

A  very  distinctly  marked  and  easily  recognized  species.  The  syn- 
onomy  was  caused  in  part  by  some  confusion  of  identilication  between 
Mr.  (}rote  and  Mr.  Morrison.  Mr.  Morrison's  type  is  a  very  pale  form 
in  which  the  ordinary  spots  are  gray.  He  did  not  recognize  the  type 
form  of  tiirris  as  being  the  satne  species,  an«l  hence,  apparently,  Mr. 
(Irote's  error.    (See  Can.  Ent.,  7,  220.) 

I  have  no  doubt  of  the  correctness  of  this  identification  of  Cluenee's 
species. 

Carneades  idahoensis  Grt. 

1878.  Ort.,  IJiill.  Gcol.  Surv.,  iv,  171,  Agrolis. 

Fuscous  red  brown,  the  costa  broadly  gray,  as  are  also  the  ordinary 
spots.  A  distinct  basal  dash  black;  cell  bhuik;  davitorm  narrowly 
outlined  in  black.  Transverse  lines  obsolete,  very  faintly  traceable. 
S.  t.  line  pale,  irregularly  dentate,  often  barely  visible.  Orbicular 
oblicpie,  oblong,  open  superiorly;  reniform  moderate,  Uidney-shaped. 
Secondaries  pale  fuscous.  Beneath  powdery,  pale;  an  exterior  com- 
n)on  line  and  discal  lunule,  darker.  Head  and  thorax  concolorous; 
collar  with  a  black  line. 

Expands  32-3<)""";  1.30-1 .45  inches. 

Habitat. — Idaho,  Colorado,  Nevada. 

A  very  easily  recognizable  species;  very  distinct  from  anything  else 
in  the  group,  except,  perh.ips,  nrstcrmnni  and  fnrtivus,  from  each  of 
which  it  has  been  already  sulliciently  distinguished.  It  bears  a  more 
than  casual  resemblance  to  some  of  the  forms  referretl  to  the  quad- 
ridentata  grou^)  of  the  genus. 

Carneades  furtivus  Siuith. 

1890.  Smitli,  Trans.  Am.  Ent.  Soc.  xvii,  :>(!,  Agrolia. 
Ground  <!olor  varying  from  fus(!ous  gray  to  bright  red  brown.     Head 
and  thorax  evenly  concolorous,  collar  with  a  central  bhutk,  transv«Mse 
Hue.    Primaries  with  costal  space  to  t.  p.  line  pale,  discolorous,  in  the 


198 


BIXLETIN   38,  UNITED   STATES   NATIONAL   MUSEUM. 


•a 


( 


0*JH 


»     • 

(w  i 


brovn  iq)eciiiM*os  most  promiiiently  so.  Bus;*!  line  wantin<2:;  at  all 
events  not  traceable.  T.  a.  line  usually  obsolete,  in  one  well  niarked 
brown  s|ieeiiuen  traceable  as  a  pale,  outwanlly  oblique  line,  without 
definite  margins,  and  annulate  in  the  interspaces.  T.  p.  line  geminate, 
rather  even,  [lale,  outcurved  over  the  cell  ami  slightly  iucurve<l  inte- 
riorly; inner  part  of  line  usually  distinct,  outer  part  not  well  defined; 
in  iiome  Sfiecimensthe  line  is  nut  tracealde  below  thecastii.  S.  t.  space 
ilarker  co?<tally.  a  distinct  dark  shade  and  a  s<>ries  of  sagittate  blackish 
K|N>ts  precetling  the  narrow,  pale,  and  slightly  irregular  s.  t.  line;  ter- 
minal .«pac-e  darker  than  ground  color.  In  a  brown  s|»ecinieii  with  well 
marked  L  p.  line  the  s.  t.  is  decidedly  paler  than  the  nie<lian  space,  and 
this  is  the  case  to  a  variable  extent  where  the  t.  p.  line  is  marked.  A 
l»la<-k  l«asal  d:i.sh,  interrupted  by  the  t.  a.  line,  the  small  loop  like  clav- 
ifunn  ooutinning  the  d:i.sh  beyond  the  line;  this  siHit  is  very  vHriably 
distinct,  bat  osually  not  completely  outlined.  Cell  around  the  ordin.ary 
HpoLs  dusky  to  black.  Orbicular  variable  in  sha|M',  always  oikmi  supe- 
riorly. V-<^ha|ied  to  oblong,  oblique,  the  change  l»eing  made  by  cutting 
the  outer  ht^iii  of  the  V  ;  in  color  like  the  costal  region,  sometimes  with 
a  darker  center.  Iteniform  moderate  in  size,  kidney-sha(>e<l,  white 
ringed,  the  center  concolorous  with  costa  or  somewhat  darker.  Sec- 
ondaries smoky  fuscous,  with  a  variably  evident  discal  lunule^  Beneath 
jiowdery  with  a  very  variable  distinct  outer  line  and  a  more  uniformly 
detine«l  discal  spot  to  all  wings. 

Expands  .3:»-38"'"  ;  l..'i8-1.50  inches. 

Habitat. — California  (Neumoegen). 

Three  *ery  strongly  dissimilar  8|)ecimens,  all  females.  The  species 
w  most  nearly  allied  to  i«hthocnsis,  diftering  principally  in  the  very  dis- 
tinct .ihade  containing  still  darker  sagittate  sitots  preceiling  the  s.  t. 
line,  which  is  le«s  dentate  than  iu  its  ally.  The  viuiatious  have  beeu 
indicated  in  the  description. 

Cameades  ^ivestennaiu  >Stgr. 

1^«7.  .«tgr.,  Stett.  Ent.  Zi'it.,  lrt.%7,  303,  Agrotis. 

Smoky  fuscous  brown;  the  costa  broadly  gray.  All  the  lines  obso- 
lete. A  Ijosal  black  line;  cell  bliickish ;  claviform  marked.  Ordinary 
sftots  concolorous  griiy  powderc«l.  Orbicular  round,  o{H?n  above;  reu- 
ifonn  not  distinctly  outlined.  Secoudaries  fuscous:  a  dusky  lunule 
evident.  Beneath  dusky,  powdery;  a  distinct  dark  discal  lunule. 
Ileail  and  thorax  concolorous;  collar  interiorly  gray,  marked  with  a 
black  line. 

Expands  32™" ;  1.30  inches. 

IIabitat. — Labrador,  (Ireenljind. 

Allie«l  to  idakfteH*ii(y  but  at  once  distinct,  not  only  by  the  obvious 
diflffrenccs  in  m.u'ulati«)n,  but  also  by  the  shape  of  primaries,  which  iu 
this  s|iecies  have  the  costa  very  strongly  convex,  whereas  iu  the  former 


ng;  at  all 
ill  marked 
le,  without 
geminate, 
irvcd  in  fe- 
ll (letiiied; 
S.  t.  s|>a(;e 
jc  hiackisli 
.  line;  ter- 
with  well 
■space,  and 
arked.  A 
►  like  clav- 
y  variably 
a  ordinary 
)I)en  supe- 
iy  cuttinj^ 
imes  with 
e<l,  white 
ker.  See- 
Beneath 
uniformly 


le  speeies 

very  dis- 

?  the  8.  t. 

lave  been 


ItEVISION    OF    8rEClK.S    OF    THE    GENUS    AGKOTIS. 


199 


lies  obso- 
Onlinary 
)ve;  ren- 
y  lunule 
lunnle. 
1  with  a 


obvious 
which  in 
e  former 


the  co8ta  is  ^traij^ht.  The  .si>ecimen  undur  examiuatioo  I  believe  came 
from  Moeschler  by  the  courtesy  of  Mr.  Cramer.  I  have  never  seen 
another  anything  like  it. 

Carneades  obeliscoides  On. 

iaV2.  fJn.,  Sp.  (Jon.  Xoct.,  ii,  2<.t:{,  AgroltH. 

IHV}.  Wlk.,  C.  I{.  Mns.  L.^p.  Hut.,  X,  XM,  .i;irotix. 

187H.  Oraef.,  Bull.  IJklii.  Ent.  Hoc,  i,  'J=zuhi'li>i<a. 

ohi'lisra  I  Wlk. 
l!?o().  Wlk.,  C.  15.  Mum.  Lt'ii.  Hot.,  X,  :W3,  .Ujrotis. 

nrratilix  Grt. 
187:{.  (Jrt.,  Kull.  Hull..  1,  100,  Agrotis. 

l.«Cri.  (;it.,  Hull.  Hull.,  II,  -.itU,  pr.  syu.  * 

187.'>.  (jit.,  Cau.  Eut.,  VII,  102,  pr.  hju. 
lr!7"<.  Graof.,  Hull.  Hklu.  Eut.  Sue,  i,  '.^—obeU»ca. 

Ked  brown,  or dark«'r;  nietlian  space  deeper  brown;  cell  blai;k  ;  costa 
to  t.  p.  line  white  or  pale  gray.  Transverse  lines  distinct,  geminate; 
t.  u.  not  crossing  costa,  oblique,  curved  between  veins;  t.  j),  oblique, 
sinuate,  slightly  crenulnte.  S.  t.  line  i)ale,  interrupte<l  very  irregular; 
terminal  space  somewhat  darker ;  a  slightly  <larker  costal  patch  pre- 
ceding s.  t.  line.  A  black  ba.sal  dash.  Claviform  rather  large,  dis- 
tinctly outlined,  surmounted  by  a  broad  paler  streak.  Stigmata  distinct, 
usually  round  and  generally  comidete;  outlined  in  black;  a  distinct 
white  annulus,  the  center  concolorous.  Keniform  large,  complete,  pale 
or  white,  a  concolorous  lunule  towanl  inner  margin.  Secondaries  fus- 
cous; often  paler  toward  base.  Beneath  variable,  powdery  with  dis- 
cal,  and  s.  t.  common  transverse  shade  lines,  discal  luiiules  usually 
evident.  Ilead  and  thorax  concolorous;  collar  with  a  somewhat  indis- 
tinct transverse  line. 

Expands  31-37""";  1.30-1.50  inches. 

IlABiTvr. — East  of  Kocky  Mountains. 

Easily  distinguished  from  all  others  of  the  group  by  the  large  trig- 
gonate  primaries,  the  white  costa,  strongly  arched  in  most  si>ecimens, 
and  '"rge  discolorous  reniform. 

Canieades  infeliz  Smith. 
1890.  Smitli,  Trans.  Am.  Eut.  Soc,  xvii,  r>7,  Agrotis. 

General  color  red-brown,  varying  in  shade.  Head  and  collar  infe- 
riorly  either  gray  or  yellow,  with  a  ferruginous  admixture,  contrasting; 
a  black  transverse  line  across  the  middle  of  the  collar  limits  the  pale 
space  superiorly,  and  above  this  line  the  collar  is  concolorous  with 
thorax.  Thoracic  disk  in  the  specimen  even,  concolorous;  in  another 
the  entire  color  is  darker,  the  tuftings  are  gray  tippe<l,  the  patagiie 
with  gray  powderings  and  margined  with  black,  l^rimarios  with  cos- 
tal region  discolored  yellow,  with  a  ferruginous  or  an  ash-gray  powder- 
ing, gradually  merging  into  the  ground  color  before  the  inception  of 
the  t.  p.  Hue.    Baaal  lino  whitish,  loop-like,  cutting  a  disk  out  of  the 


200 


BULLETIN    38,  UNITED    STATES    NATIONAL    MUSEUM. 


■u 


I  ill 


1*- 


basal  black  Htreak.  T.  a.  lino  visible  ouly  in  thu  n.  t.  interspace,  where 
it  crosses  tbe  black  basal  dash  in  the  furni  of  an  outcurved  pale  line 
margined  with  deep  black.  T.  p.  line  narrow,  sinj^le,  finely  crenulatcd, 
slightly  outcnrved  over  reniforin,  thence  very  evenly  parallel  with  the 
onter  margin.  This  in  the  ?  ;  in  the  $  no  trace  of  the  line  is  visible. 
In  the  $  the  color  is  even  nnbroken  through  the  median  and  s.  t.  spare 
to  tlie  s.  t.  line,  which  arises  from  a  gray  aj)ical  spot  ajid  is  punctiforni 
and  very  slightly  irregular,  the  spots  preceded  by  sagittate  blaek  dashes ; 
beyond  this  line  the  narrow  terminal  space  is  slightly  more  dusky,  and 
there  is  a  row  of  small  black  terminal  dots;  in  the  9  a  grayish  sullu- 
sion  along  the  black  marked  veins  relieves  and  lightens  (he  s.  t.  space, 
intensities  the  black  sagittate  dashes  and  makes  the  terminal  space 
darker  by  contrast;  the  maculation,  otherwise,  is  as  in  the  <?  ,  save  that 
the  8.  t.  line  is  more  evident  and  some  of  the  spots  are  connected,  showing 
that  the  line  is  distinctly  dentate  on  veins  3  and  4.  Chiviform  distinctly 
black  margined,  variable  in  size  and  form,  center  concolorous,  sur- 
mounted with  an  also  variable  pale  yellowish  streak  crossing  the 
median  space.  Orbicidar  oval,  oblique,  complete,  black  ringed,  then 
with  a  pale  animlus,  center  of  the  color  of  costal  region ;  reniform  large, 
kidney  shaped,  contrasting  yellowish,  inferiorly  dark  grayish  marked. 
In  the  9  the  entire  internal  margin  is  gray  marked.  Seeomlaries 
evenly  fuscous,  with  a  row  of  terniinal  darker  lunules,  fringes  paler. 

Expands  41-45 ';  l,r»5-l.S0  inches. 

Habitat. — California  (Neumocgen). 

This  handsome  and  well-marked  species  comes  nearest  to  ohrliscoides 
in  the  tcsscllata  group,  but  is  perhaps  as  nearly  allied  to  piri-.ivelkits 
of  the  qHndr'ulentata  group.  From  the  latter  it  is  distinct  by  the  lack  of 
the  prominent  dentations  of  the  s.  t.  line;  from  the  former  by  its  very 
much  larger  size,  the  more  produced  primaries,  <iill'erent  s.  t.  line,  and 
other  details  of  maculation.  The  line  of  variation  is  in  the  same  direc- 
tion as  in  percrceUens,  the  specimens  before  me  showing  strong  ditter- 
ences,  while  evidently  referring  to  the  same  species. 

Since  the  abovt^  was  written  I  have  seen  a  series  in  the  U.  S.  National 
Museum,  which  runs  from  the  form  above  tlescribed  to  a  uniform  black, 
the  maculation  scarcely  identifiable. 


\ 


Carneades  islandica  St^r. 


1857.  Stgr.,  Stctt.  Ent.  Zcil.,  l-T.T,  'i:?V',  .Uirolis. 

Dull  luteous,  median  and  terminal  space  darker,  cell  bhutk,  costa  and 
large  ordinary  spots  concolorous  with  palest  colors  of  primaries.  T.  a. 
line  obsoletely  geminate,  not  crossing  costa,  straight  to  vein  1,  out- 
wardly curved  below.  T.  p.  line  evenly  obliipie  finm  cell  to  hind  mar- 
gin, crenulate.  S.  t.  line  very  iinleliiiitely  marked  by  the  (Contrast 
between  s.  t.  and  terminal  spaces.  Claviform  distiiK^t,  dark.  Ordinary 
sjwts  essentially  as  in  obeUxcoUles.     Secondaries  fuscous.     Beneath 


JM. 


REVISION    OF   SPECIES   OF   THE    GEXIS   A«iKOTIS. 


201 


)iice,  wlu'H' 
il  pali',  line 
ijreiiul}ite<l, 
el  with  tlie 
3  is  visible. 
1  s.  t.  space 
piiiictifonn 
ck  (lashes ; 
hisky,  ami 
\  ish  NnHu- 
s.  t.  space, 
liiial  space 
,  save  that 
I,  sliowinff 
1  distinctly 
)rons,  siir- 
»ssin^'  the 
ij,'e<l,  then 
i>rni  larg:e, 
h  marked, 
-'(•ondaries 
s  paler. 


hcJisvoidcH 
rc.icellens 
le  lack  of 
V  its  very 
line,  and 
me  direc- 
II};  differ- 

National 
I'm  black, 


osta  and 
s.  T.  a. 
I  1,  ont- 
ind  mar- 
con  traat 
)rdinary 
Ceneath 


' 


powdery,  an  external  common  line  and  discal  spot.    Thorax  and  head 
concolorous;  collar  with  a  dark  line. 

Expands  31)"" " ;  1.55  inches. 

llABiTAT. — Iceland,  Labrador. 

Closely  allied  to  obeliHcoides,  the  typi(!al  niacnlation  entirely  present. 
It  differs  from  that  species  in  tlie  comparatively  hnijjer,  narrower  pri- 
maries, the  non-contrastiii};  ordinary  spots,  and  in  the  position  of  the  t. 
p.  line,  which  in  obelincoidcs  is  very  close  to  the  reniform,  Imt  in  islamlica 
is  far  beyond  it,  half  way  to  the  outer  mar|;;in.  This  wiilens  the  median 
and  narrows  s.  t.  space  in  this  species. 

The  description  is  introthiced  here  only  because  the  species  has  so 
lonj;  been  catalojrued  in  our  lists  and  has  been  entirely  mistaken.  1  do 
not  think  it  has  ever  been  fouml  in  North  America,  but  very  likely  will 
be  found  in  Alaska  or  in  the  Hudson  Bay  territory.  The  locality  (Lab- 
rador) given  by  Staudiger  is  based  upon  opipara  Morr.,  which  is  not 
this  species  at  all. 

Carneades  colata  Grt. 

1^81.  Grt.,  Can.  Ent.,  xiii,  1:51,  Aijrolix. 

"  9  Like  vcrsipellis,  but  a  little  larger  and  without  the  white  lines  on 
the  veins.  Entirely  dark,  piu  ply  brown ;  thorax  and  head  reddish 
brown.  Stigmata  a  little  hoary ;  orbicular  large,  open;  reniform  wide; 
claviform  indicated.  Lines  very  faint;  an  indistinct,  paler  shade  fol- 
lowing the  t.  p.  line;  t!ie  terminal  space  also  indistinctly  paler.  Hind 
wings  concolorous  dark  fuscous.  Mount  Hood,  one  fresh  female  s[>eci- 
men.  Can  not  be  confounded  with  any  other  species  from  the  color 
and  its  affinity  with  vert  ,'t7/j«." 

No  specimen  to  which  this  description  could  be  fitted  has  been  found 
as  yet.  The  characters  given  would  seem  to  indicate  a  species  clo.se  to 
teasellata,  but  the  open  orbicular  forbi<ls  the  suggestion  that  it  may  bo 
a  form  of  that  protean  species. 

Two  female  specimens  in  Mr.  Neumoegen's  collection,  seen  since  the 
above  was  written,  may  perhaps  be  referable  here.  They  were  taken 
in  the  Sierra  Nevadas,  and  agn'e  fairly  well  with  the  above  description, 
save  that  in  one  case  the  orbicular  is  (-(Muplete  and  in  the  other  it  is 
simply  not  completely  outlined  above.  1  have  nanii'd  these  specimens 
colata  provisionally,  until  an  opportunity  for  the  stiuly  of  the  type 
occurs.  The  species  is  correctly  i)lace(l  neir  rcrsiptUis,  which  it  re- 
sembles in  the  manner  suggested  by  iMr.  Grot«'. 

Carneades  divergens  Wlk. 

\mv,.  VVlk.,  C.  n.  Mus.,  Lcp.  Hot.,  X,  :V27,  .igrotin. 

rerHiptlUs  Grt. 
1875.  Grt.,  ^111.  Ent.,  Vll,  IT'2.  pi.  i,  f.  •»,  .J.«/ro/i«. 
1H7'.I.  Grt.,  Hull.  G<'ol.  Siirv.,  v,  2W.  AtjrotU. 
18811.  Rntlor,  TraiiN.  Ent.  Sor.  Loud,  isy'.i,  WHO  \n.  syn. 

Red  to  dark  blackish  brown  ;  terminal  space  usually  a  little  darker; 
cell  black;  subcostal  and  median  vein  distinctly  white  to  end  of  cell; 


21 


««i> 


M' 


l»t 


Jir 


1 

I 


0* 


202  IllILLETIN    38,  UNITED    STATES    NATIONAL    MUSEUM. 

a  black,  Noinetiinus  dittusu,  basal  patch.  Traimverse  lines  essentially 
as  in  obelm-oidi's,  but  the  median  space  is  somewhat  more  narrowed 
inferiorly.  8.  t.  line  distinct,  pale,  sinuate,  and  8li;;htly  dentate. 
Ordinary  spots  moderate,  defined,  annulate,  and  powdered  with  white. 
Orbicular  ovate,  oblique;  renit'orm  upright,  rather  narrow,  kindey- 
shaped.  Clavitbrm  evident,  distinctly  outlined,  variable  in  size. 
Secondaries  fuscous,  lieneath  powdery,  variable  in  color ;  a  more  or 
less  distinct  common  line  and  discal  spot.  Head  an<l  thorax  concolor- 
ous;  the  collar  with  a  distinct  black  line. 

Expands  ;{2-34""";  1.25-1.35  inches. 

llAniTAT. — Northern  States  to  Colorado,  California. 

This  species  has  the  appearance  ami  maculation  of  nbclixcoidcs,  with- 
out the  |»ale  costa  and  ordinary  spots  of  that  spec*es;  but  with  white 
subcostal  and  median  veins  which  render  tins  species  very  evidently 
distinct.  Though  widely  distributed,  the  species  is  not  common,  and 
1  have  thus  far  met  with  no  record  of  its  capture  in  the  Southern 
States.  From  California  1  have  specimens  not  dirterinj;  to  any  extent 
from  our  eastern  forms,  and  in  the  Sierras  it  seuius  more  common  than 
in  the  east.  In  substitutin};;  diven/em  for  versipellis  as  the  name  of  this 
species,  I  follow  liutler  in  his  identilicatiou  of  Walker's  type.  Walker 
records  his  specimen  from  Nova  Scotia. 

Carneades  redimiciila  Morr. 

1874.  Morr.,  Proc.  Bost.  Soc.  N.II.,  xvii,  105,  Jf/rotin  (redimacula). 
1H75.  Morr.,  I'roc.  Ac.  Nat.  Sci.  I'liil.,  In/.'i,  7.">,  Agroi'is. 
1879.  Strk.,  Hi-pt.  Chief  Eny.,  187d-'7l),  v,  It^Gl,  Ayrot>n. 

Reddish  to  dark  fuscous  brown,  washed  with  bluish  gray ;  median 
and  terminal  space  darkest.  Costal  portion  of  basal  space  paler  gray; 
basal  black  dash  ditfuse.  T.  a,  line  obsolctely  marked  below  median 
vein;  outwardly  oblicpie  geminate.  T.  p.  line  indistinctly  marked, 
eveidy  sinuate.  S.  t.  line  pale  subobsolete,  sinuate,  most  generally 
marked  only  by  the  ditterence  in  shade  between  s.  t.  and  terminal 
spaces.  Claviform  marked.  Ordinary  spots  very  large,  even  bluish 
gray ;  well  defined.  Secondaries  fuscous,  paler  toward  base.  Beneath 
variable  in  shade,  powdery,  a  distinct  discal  lunule  on  each  wing. 
Head  and  thorax  concolorous ;  collar  inferiorly  gray,  followed  by  a 
distinct  limiting  black  line. 
.  Expands  30-33""" ;  1.20-1.30  inches. 

Habitat. — Northern  States  east  of  Rocky  Mountains ;  Canada. 

A  rather  small  form  with  short,  broad  primaries,  and  very  large 
evenly  gray  ordinary  spots.  The  gray  so  largely  predominates  that  it 
gives  the  impression  of  a  much  more  even  coloring  than  actually  exists. 
The  difference  of  color  in  basal  space  is  a  distinctive  feature.  The  in- 
sect is  not  rare  and  y»^t  is  not  very  abundantly  represented  in  collec- 
tions. Mr.  Strecker  records  it  from  Colorado  in  September,  Mr.  Hill 
says  July  30  in  the  Adirondacks. 


UM. 


REVISION   OP   SPECIES   OP   THE   GENUS   AGEOTIS. 


203 


esseiitially 
a  narrowed 
Lv  deiUiitf. 
witU  white. 
JW,  kiiiduy. 
e    ill    size. 

a  more  or 
X  coiicolor- 


udes,  with- 
vitli  white 
T  evidently 
union,  and 
Southern 
my  extent 
lUion  Mian 
ineof  this 
.     Waliier 


;  median 

ler  {rray; 

median 

marked, 

generally 
terminal 
n  bluish 
Beneath 

ch  wiug. 

ived  by  a 


Ida. 

try  large 
»  that  it 
y  exists. 
The  in- 
J  collec- 
Mr.  Hill 


Carneades  atrifera  Grt. 

1878.  Grt.,  null.  Gool.  Siirv.,  iv.  17:?,  .lyrolh. 
18«().  Grt.,  Bull.  Gcol.  Snrv.,  vi,  'JWt,  .tyroliH. 

Grayish  fuscous,  the  narrow  terminal  space  somewhat  darker.  A 
black  shade  at  l)a8c;  cell  black.  T.  a.  line  geminate  obliiiue,  curved 
between  veins.  T.  j».  line  obsolete  or  very  faint.  S.  t.  line  unusually 
close  to  margin,  faint.  Veins  somewhat  marked  with  darker  fuscous. 
'Maviform  faintly  outlineil,  rather  large.  Ordinary  spots  moderate, 
concolorous,  or  slightly  jialer;  orbicular  oval  not  quite  <;losed  supe- 
riorly. Secoiularies  pearly  gray,  outwardly  darker.  lieneath  pale, 
powdery;  a  distinct  discal  lunule.  llead  and  thorax  concolorous; 
collar  with  a  distinct  black  line. 

Exi)ands  31-34""";  1.25-1.35  inches. 

IlAiiiTAT. — Sierra  Nevada,  California;  Maine. 

A  very  distinct  form,  readily  recognized  by  even  fuscous  color,  rather 
obsolete  transverse  lines  and  distinct  ordinary  spots.  It  conllicts  with 
none  other  in  this  group.  The  geographical  (iistribution  is  worthy  of 
note,  and  indicates  that  the  species  will  be  found  in  iSritish  Columbia. 

Carneades  tesselloides  Grt. 
1880.  Grt.,  Hull.  Gcol.  Surv.,  vi,  M),  Jgrotis. 

Fuscous,  washed  with  various  shades  of  gray ;  terminal  space  usu.ally 
V  darker;  costal  region  paler  gray.  Transverse  lines  geminate,  not  dis- 
tinctly marked  course  much  as  usual.  S.  t.  line  distinct  pale,  sinuate. 
Biisal  dark  dash  (litfuse,  somewhat  indistinct;  cell  variably  darker. 
Claviform  outlined,  not  distinct.  Ordinary  spots  large,  gray;  orbicu- 
lar ovate,  often  not  quite  complete  superiorly.  Secon«laries  whitish  to 
fuscous.  Beneath,  pale  powdery,  llead  and  throax  concolorous ;  col- 
lar with  a  black  line. 

Expands  31-38'""' ;  1.25-1.50  inches. 

Habitat.— California,  Arizona,  Montana. 

A  near  ally  of  sUens,  but  much  darker  and  more  definitely  marked, 
yet  the  maculation  aside  from  its  depth  or  definition  is  ideiiticral,  and  I 
regard  the  ilistinctness  of  the  species  as  not  free  from  donl>t,  the  more 
so  as  this  8i)ecies  is  exceedingly  variable  in  size,  ground  color,  and  dis- 
tinctness of  maculation. 

Carneades  silens  Grt.  * 

1875.  Grt.,  Can.  Eiit.,  vii,  (57,  Ayrotia. 
Whitish  over  pale  fuscous;  costal  region  and  ordinary  spots  gray. 
Transverse  lines  geminate  barely  traceable.  S.  t.  line  obsolete.  Ter- 
minal space  slightly  darker ;  veins  faintly  dark  lined.  A  distinct  black 
basal  streak;  cell  blackish.  Claviform  faintly  marked.  Ordinary 
spots  moderate,  defined ;  orbicular  oval,  not  quite  closed  above.  Sec- 
ondaries white.  r>eneath  wJiite,  powdery.  Collar  with  a  black  line; 
head  and  thorax  concolorous. 


204 


BULLETIN   38,  UNITED   STATES    NATIONAL   MUSEUM. 


ExpaiuU  38""" ;  1.5  iiiclies. 
Habitat.— Calilornia,  Nevada,  Arizona. 

Easily  rtM!0}jiiizable  by  tlie  palo  color  and  lack  of  transverse  macula- 
tion.  It  conflicts  with  no  other  species  of  the  jjroup  except  ])erhapH 
texfuUoidcH,  and  it  ui.ay  eventually  claim  that  spe<!ies  as  a  variety.  There 
is,  however,  an  ashen  gray  tin{(«  to  tcHHelloides  which  is  replaced  in  this 
species  by  a  yellowish  tint.  The  difference  is  not  a  very  (;reatone,  but 
Buflices  to  chanj^e  very  contpletely  the  habitus  of  the  species. 


w 
b 


W'l 


re 


tt'i 


u 


air  1 
11,1, 


Carneades  strigilis  Cirt. 

1870.  Grt.,  Buff.  Bull.,  in,  81,  Ayrotis. 

"  9 .  All  the  tibia  spinose,  belon«:ing  to  the  UsHeUnta  jjroup.  Fore- 
wings,  thorax,  and  head  blackish  fuscous,  somewhat  olivaceous;  at 
base  of  head  and  collar  some  ochrey  scales.  The  transverse  lines  are 
obsoletely  geminate ;  the  white  or  gray  included  shades  are  prominent 
and  relieve  the  accompanying  dark  transverse  lines.  liines  dentate, 
nearly  perpendicular.  Stigmata  moderately  large,  slnuled  with  whit- 
ish; claviform  <!oncolorous,  barefv  indicated.  Terminal  space  a  little 
paler.  8.  t.  line  tine,  powdery  gray  ;  fringes  concolorous.  Hind  wings 
pale  fuscous,  with  paler  interlincHl  fringes.  Heneath  translucent  cen- 
trally with  powdered  costal  region,  faint  discal  mark  and  line." 

Expands  32" " ;  1.28  inches. 

Habitat. — Vancouver  Island  (Mr.  Hy.  Edwards). 

I  have  not  been  able  to  identify  this  satisfactorily.  There  are  two  or 
three  doubtful  forms  in  this  group  to  which  I  have  hesitated  in  apply- 
ing names,  and  to  one  or  the  other  of  them — all  from  California — this 
name  may  i)rove  applicable. 

SPECIKS  UNKNOWN  TO  ME. 
Agrotis  dapsilis  (irot(>. 
18H0.  GrotP,  Bull.  Gcol.  Siirv.,  vi,  Mi,  Aijrotis. 
Front  smooth,  vestiture  hairy,  an teinne  of  ^  bipectinate.    Pale  ash- 
gray,  i)owdered  with  blackish.    Transverse  lines  consisting  of  a  series 
of  blackish,  vcnular  spots.     S.  t.  line  faintly  marked  by  a  slight  ditfer- 
ence  in  tint  between  s.  t.  and  terminal  space.    A  dusky  terminal  line. 
Orbicular  a  small  blackish  spot,    lieuiform  narrow,  dusky,  upright. 
Secomlaries  outwardly  dusky. 
Expands  31""";  1.25  inches. 
Habitat. — Florida. 

To  the  kindness  of  Mr.  Thaxter,  I  owe  an  opportunity  of  examining 
the  type.  It  is  in  miserably  poor  condition,  and  it  is  impossibly  to  say 
certainly  where  it  belongs  in  the  series.  The  middle  legs  alone  remain  ; 
a  stump  about  1"""  long  of  the  left  antenna'  is  all  that  remains  of  those 
organs ;  and  last  and  most  provoking  there  is  a  $  body  pasted  on  what 


UM. 


REVISION    OF    SPECIES    OF   THE    0ENU8    AGKOTIS. 


205 


rse  macula- 
pt  iiurbapH 
iety.  Tbero 
laced  in  tliiw 
L'ut  one,  but 
.s. 


)ni).  Fore- 
iiceons;  at 
0  lines  are 

prominent 
•8  dentate, 

with  whit- 
lee  a  little 
Jiiid  winog 
ncent  cen- 
le." 


are  two  or 
I  in  apply- 
)rnia— this 


Pale  ash- 
f  a  series 
1,'iit  ditl'er- 
iiinal  line, 
upright. 


xamiuing 
)ly  to  say 

remain  ; 
■»  of  those 

on  what 


. 


was  obviously  a  i  .    The  species  is  thoroughly  aberrant  for  an  Agrotis, 
but  there  is  not  enough  of  it  remaining  to  dispute  the  generic  reference. 
It  seems  to  suggest  my  teppcri  to  some  extent  and  may  tiiul  a  place 
near  it  when  goml  fortune  turns  up  other  specimens. 

Agrotis  littoralis  Pack. 

IHfiS.  PiMk.,  I'roc.  IliiHt,  Hoc.  Nat.  HiMt.,  xi,  :M5,  .Itjroliit. 
S  of  a  uniform  glossy,  pale,  luteous,  tawny  brown ;  antenna'  well 
])ectinated  ;  palpi  very  large  and  stout,  with  long  cilia  beneath  :  third 
joint  long,  porrect,  cylintlrical,  acute.  Front  coiu;olorous  with  thorax 
and  abdomen  being  of  a  pale  brown.  Fore  wings  siiumth,  on  thf  basal 
third  of  the  wing  a  black,  irregularly,  qua«lridentate  line,  the  teeth 
between  the  nervures  ]»()inting outwards  between  the  median,  s.  m.,  and 
internal  nervures,  but  directed  inwards  on  the  median  space,  then  curv- 
ing outwards  on  the  costa  nearly  to  the  middle  of  the  inner  discal  circle, 
which  is  large  ami  formed  by  a  simple,  brown,  unshaded  ring.  The 
outer  reniform  spot  is  large  and  shaded  on  the  inner  half,  especially  on 
the  lower  end  at  the  origin  of  the  mesial  nervures.  IJeyond  is  a  simple 
line,  broadly  curved  opposite  the  reniform,  from  the  outer  third  of  the 
costa  to  the  inner  third  of  the  hind  margin.  Beyond  is  a]iarallel  line  of 
dark  streaks  of  uniform  length,  and  beyond  is  a  submarginal  line, 
diffusely  shaded  inwards  and  forming  a  diffuse,  triangular,  dusky  spot 
on  the  costa,  below  which  is  an  angular  sinus;  on  the  submedian  fohl 
it  is  bent  inwards.  A  marginal  dark  line,  scarcely  interrupted  at  the 
nervures.  Fringe  long,  concolorous  with  the  rest  of  the  wing.  Hind 
wings  a  little  more  dusky  than  the  anterior  pair;  pale  on  the  costa, 
edge  dark,  fringe  pale,  tawny,  concolorous  with  the  costa.  Thorax 
darker  than  the  body.  Beneath  dusky,  with  a  diffuse,  <lusky,  <li.scal 
spot  and  two  parallel  dusky  lines.  Beyond,  a  broad  paler  margin.  On 
the  hind  wings  is  a  lunate  discal  spot,  and  an  outer,  diffuse,  <lu»kier- 
shaded  ppotou  the  costa.     Length  of  body  .62,  fore  wing  .GO  inch. 

Differs  in  its  fore  wings,  being  of  a  uniform  tawny  color,  with  a  plain 
ringlet  and  large  reniform  dot,  with  the  rows  of  dots  beyond  ;  and  by 
the  well  pectinate  antenna'.     Labrador,  Caribou  Lsland. 

Ai)parently  near  inanifesta,  but  very  diflerent  from  anything  known 
to  me.  I  did  not  find  this  in  the  Peabody  Museum,  and  never  saw  any- 
thing like  it  elsewhere. 

Agrotis  hero  Morr. 

187«i.  Morr.,  Proc.  Boat.  Soc.  N.  H.,  xviii,  238,  Agrotia. 
1880.  Grt.,  Bull.  Geol.  Surv.,Vl,  1(50,  Agrotis. 

"  Relatetl  to  coUaris  and  badinodis  Grt.,  separated  from  them  by  the 
unarmed  fore  tibia.  Collar  black  and  discolorous  above.  Thorax  con- 
colorous with  the  anterior  wings.  Anterior  wings  crossed  by  two  fine 
8in?i)le  dark  brown  lines,  the  first  preceded,  the  second  followed  by  a 
pale  accompanying  shade.    Ordinary   spots    not  very   well  defined, 


?.ov, 


HULLKTIN    -M,  UNITKD    STATES    NATIONAL    MCSKl'M. 


imi  Hi 


«  M 

4   I| 


re 

I    " 

1*1 

I*" 


Bliiiped  iiH  ill  rollariH,  the  (irbiciiliir  pivctMhMl  by  a  bisu'k  spot.  Median 
Bbade  (list  i  net  passing;  between  the  sputs ;  s.  t.  spa(;e  darker  brown; 
s.  t.  line  indelinite.  I'o.sterior  win^^.s  nnit'orni  dark  brownish  ^riiy,  diseal 
dott^present.  Heneath  brownish  gray,  with  diseal  spot  and  u  common 
dill'nse  nu'dian  line.^ 

Kxpands  .12""". 

IIAIJITAT. — MassachnsettH. 

Entirely  unknown  to  me. 

Agrotis  drewseni  St;;r. 
IrtT.".  Stgr.,Stett.  Kiit.  Zcif.,  IH:,7,M'2,  Agrotis. 

^'Cinerea,  albido-conspersa,  alarum  antiearum  lineis  trunsversia, 
punct is  anticis  fiisciaque  externa  nijjricantibus.   Majju.  liD-^JO"'"',  <J    9. 

Habitus  of  u/axf/tra,  primaries  still  lon^^erand  narrower.  S  antenna 
serrate  and  shortly  bristled.  Ground  color  dirty  ash  gray.  Collar 
with  a  black  line.  Primaries'most  like  bright  specimens  of  ^l.  curmria, 
but  ash  instead  of  yellowish  gray.  At  base  and  costal  space  strongly 
sprinkled  with  white  atoms.  At  the  costal  margin  in  addition  are  a 
few  obsolete  dark  spots.  Median  lines  sharply  defined,  bl;i<  ;  t.  a.  in- 
wardly margined  with  white  ;  t.  i>.  line  S-whaped,  in  tht  ,  Idle  with 
four  acute  ptunts.  Ordinary  spots  somewhat  paler  than  ground  color ; 
claviform  wanting.  In  one  i  specimen  there  is  between  the  spots  a 
bent  black  transverse  line,  strongest  at  hind  margin,  almost  attaining 
anterior  margin.  At  outer  third  is  a  paler,  indelinite  transverse  shade 
which,  as  in  inlandiva,  has  no  sagittate  marks,  or  has  them  but  faintly 
indicated.  lietween  this  and  the  outer  margin  is  a  darker  shade  which 
does  not  attain  the  anterior  margin.  In  tiie  paler  basal  space  a  rudi- 
mentary transverse  line  is  visible,  strongly  margined  outwardly  with 
white.  Fringes  ash  gray,  mixed,  with  a  darker  line  at  base.  Beneath, 
dirty  whitisli  gray,  at  the  anterior  margin  with  darker  atoms.  Cell 
rather  darker.  Secondaries  uniforndy  gray  ;  friisges  white,  at  the  base 
yellowish.  Beneath  dirty  white  at  outer  margin  darker,  at  anterior 
margin  with  darker  atoms.    An  indetiuite  diseal  spot. 

Habitat.— Greeidand. 

This  species  is  a[>parently  close  to  munis  Cnt,  (=:sub!nti,s  Grt.),  and 
indeed  it  is  somewhat  ditiicult  to  mark  exactly  what  the  ditterences 
between  the  two  can  be.  Still  I  have  hesitated  to  make  them  syno- 
nyms without  seeing  specimens  more  rearly  agreeing  with  the  too  de- 
tailed description. 

Agrotis  uanalis  Grt! 

1881.  Grt.,  Ciin.  Ent.,  xiii,  131,  Agrotis. 

"  9  .  The  smallest  species  known  to  me.  All  the  tibia?  spinose;  eyes 
naked}  body  untufted.  A  slender  sjiecies  which  may  be  compared  to 
opaca.  The  fore  wings  are  blackish  with  the  lines  lost.  The  stigmata 
are  concolorous,  diflicult  to  make  out.    The  orbicular  is  elongate,  the 


/ 


IIM. 


RKVISION    Of    SI'KCIKS    OK    TIIK    OKNI'S    AOUOTIS. 


207 


)t.  Median 
\ivv  bruwii ; 
j,'riiy,<liHcal 

1  u  UUIUUIUII 


ransvorsia, 

!0' ,   3    9. 

i  aiituiiiiu 
ly.  Collar 
I.  curmria, 
!o  strongly 
lion  are  a 
;  t.  a.  in- 
UUe  with 
tm«l  color ; 
le  8))otH  a 
-  attaininj,' 
erse  Mliade 
Hit  faintly 
aue  wli it'll 
30  a  riuli- 
inlly  with 
Beneath, 
)ins.  Cell 
t  the  basy 
anterior 


^rt.),  and 
irterences 
em  sync- 
ie  too  de- 


)se;  eyes 
I pa red  to 
stigmata 
igate,  the 


reniform  vague;  upright,  broad  ;  the  spots  are  jtieked  t)ut  by  a  brown 
8hu4ling  which  tills  the  cell  and  marks  the  subcostal  and  median  veins. 
S.  t.  line  a  vague  bliicUish  even  shade.  Hind  wings  i;on(H>lorous  fus- 
cous grisetms,  with  the  veins  soiled  and  a  faint  dis(Nil  mark.  Beneath 
griseous,  the  primaries  a  little  brownish.  The  costai  preupical  dots 
visible  beneath  and  to  be  made  out  on  the  upper  surface.  Abdomen 
like  himl  wings.     Head   brownish;    tegnla-  blackish;    disc  of  thorax 

paler.     Expanse  L'« ;  Nevada.'' 

Nothing  to  whi(di  this  descri[)tion  will  tit  is  known  to  mo. 

Agrotis  viralis  (Jrt. 
IK-^.  Grt.,  I?iill.  (mm>1.  Siiiv.,  VI,  -.'tJO,  .hjrotis. 

''  i .  Antenna)  ciliate  beneath.  Kore  tibia;  unarmed,  unless  acci- 
dentally the  spini-s  are  broken  olf,  which  sometimes  occurs.  Tale 
faded  yellow  fuscous,  collar  with  a  faint  line.  The  lines  obsolete.  A 
blackish  dash  at  base;  another  below  it  on  interinil  margin ;  a  dash 
across  the  submedian  spa(;e,  and  the  cell  before  an<l  between  the  stig- 
mata dnrker  shaded.  Stigmata  pale,  concolorous  nuxlerate.  Orbicular 
outwardly  oblique  near  the  reniform  at  base;  both  stignuita  incom- 
pletely dark  ringed.  S.  t.  lino  indicated;  s.  t.  space  paler;  terminal 
space  darker.  Hind  wings  paler,  nearly  concolorous  with  fore  wings; 
darker  sha<led  along  outer  border.  Body  concolorous ;  beneath  with- 
out m  rkings  hind  wings  quite  pale.  Expanse  3S""".  Habitat — 
Nebraska." 

No  species  to  which  this  description  coiUd  apply  is  known  to  me. 

Agrotis  juucta  (irt. 
187H.  Grt..  Hull.  Oool.  Siirv.,  iv,  171,  .tijrotU. 

"  S  .  Size  of  Treatii,  which  this  species  resembles  in  its  «lead  black 
primaries.  Collar  black  at  base, pale  tiitped.  Head  pale;  thorax  brown; 
abdomen  pale  fnscous.  Fore  wings  with  the  t.  a.  line  rounded,  black; 
attached  to  it  is  the  black  pale-margined  davitbrm.  Ordinary  spots 
concolorous,  large,  linely  outlined  with  pale  and  fused  below;  the 
claviform  apparently  touching  the  orbicular  at  base.  8.  t.  line  fol- 
lowed by  small,  piile  marks.  Himl  wings  pale  fiis(!ous.  Beneath  pale, 
with  indi.stinct  con-jion  line,  and  diseal  marks  obsolete.  Nova  Scotia 
{Mr.  Roland  Tbaxter).    One  s|)ecimen.'' 

Would  seem  to  be  a  very  distinctly  nuirked  form  allie<l  to  hoUemani, 
but  possibly  not  belonging  to  that  group.  Mr.  (Irote  gives  us  no 
structural  characters  whatever  to  serve  as  an  index  to  its  position. 
On  the  list  he  places  it  before  harusjtiea  and  close  to  innotabili.s,  two 
structurally  ditfereut  species. 

Agrotis  fishii  Grt. 
187H.  Grt.,  Bull.  Geol.  Surv.,  iv,  17.'),  Ayrotia. 

"  i  .  9  . — In  color  and  appearance  resembling^iH'^a/*'*,  but  the  tibiai 
are  all  spinose.    Obscure  purple  gray.    The  orbicular  obsolete.    Lines 


If 

9 


208 


I5UL1.KTIN    :?H,   rXITKD    STATES    NATIONAL    MUSEUM 


■'I, 


tl. 
tl 


flue,  black,  siti<,'I»^,  diMitato.  Half  line  visilile.  T.  a,  lino  erect,  with 
two  small  siilH'qual  projections  on  cell  an«l  helow  costa.  .Median  shade 
outwardly  ohlKine,  riuinin^  to  lower  extremity  of  reniform  ;  this  latter 
is  moderate,  and  tilled  in  with  jiti-enish- white  scales.  T.  p.  lino  dentate, 
forminj,'  points  on  the  veins.  Subterminal  lino  with  a  blackish,  pre- 
cedin;^  shade  at  its  in(;eption  on  costa,  interrnpted,  formin;;  two  marks 
opposite  tho  cell  very  sli«,'htly  marj;iucd  ontwardly  with  jjreenish  white. 
A  terminal  black  line  almost  continuous.  Hind  winjrs  fu.scous  with  red- 
dish fringes.  Tliorax  concoiorons  purjde  }:rray;  no  line  on  collar.  Be- 
neath body  and  lej^s  obscure  purplish,  abdomen  reddish.  Wings  red- 
dish, fuscous  with  common  dark  shade  line,  and  discal  marks  efpially 
distinct.  Oldtown,  Maine  (Mr.  Charles  Fish).  The  primaries  are  more 
l)()int('d  at  a])ict's  than  in  Jinnnil is.  Tin*  dark  shade  before  s.  t.  line  and 
obsolete  orbicular  arc  stron.^  characters.  The  male  anteinne  are  pyra- 
midal-tootlu'd,  ciliate;  iiintl  witigs  pale  fuscous.'' 

"  Expansion  33"""." 

Mr.  (Irote  has  associated  the  sf»ecie.«>  with  hajn  in  the  check-list;  but 
th«'.  structure  of  anteiime  will  hardly  sutler  it  to  remain  there.  Yet  wc 
are  unable  at  present  to  assijrn  a  cert«»in  position  to  it.  It  seems  in 
some  respect,  /.  c,  the  sin^de  lim-s,  allied  to  the  vnrnca  group  ;  but  very 
ditferent  from  any  s{>ecies  known  to  me. 

Sonu'where  I  have  seen  a  specimen  Yiamed  /».s7(//  by  Mr.  Grote,  and 
this  was  very  like  vathvrnm  (Jrt.  I  d.o  not  lind  that  I  made  any  ijoto 
of  it,  however. 

Agrotis  tenuicula  Morr. 

l-'TJ.  Morr.,  Vnw.  I'.o.st.  Sixj.  N.  If.,  xvn.  li::j. 

"  Habitus  and  markings  of  Atjr.  ronthia  Tr.,  from  which  it  differs  in 
the  uniform  gray  color  of  the  posterior  wings,  the  presence  of  two  dis- 
tinct (iuneiform  markings  before  the  subterminal  line  and  below  the 
costa,  and  in  the  size  of  the  subterminal  space  which  is  much  wMdor 
than  in  conjlna.''^ 

Expanse  3;5""". 

II A  HIT  AT. — New  York. 

Thechancesar*'  that  this  is  a  foruntf  prn-onflua  Grt., but  1  am  not  pre- 
pared to  mal:e  the  relerence  delinitely.  1  have  no  iilea  who  could  have 
furnished  the  type  of  the  species  and  have  never  seen  any  specimens 
BO  named. 

Mamestra  insula  Wlk. 

185(5.  Wlk.,  ('.  M.  Mils.,  Ltp.  Il.f.,  i\,  rn.   Mam<stru. 
lS7:i.  (irt.,  ItiiU.  Hiitr.  S.K-.  \.  Sri..  II.  1.'.,  Iludtiia. 
18K5.  (!rt.,  111.  K.s.sa.v,  tl!,  Jgrotii. 

"  Foem. — (3bs('ure  feriiigineo-fu.sco  ;  abdomea  fusco-cinereum  ;  aim 
antica'  litiiris  basalibus  et  c(»stalibus  nigris:  lineis  trar.sversis  undula- 
tis  duplicatis  nigris  ex  parte  testaceo  marginati.s,  linea  exteriore  trans- 
versa undulata  in(;ompleta  testacea,  inaculis  renifornu  ot  orbiuulari 
umgnia  ex  parte  testaceis;  postica*  cinerea*  marginibus  fuscis. 


/ 


JM 


ui:VISION    OF    SPECIKS    OF    THE    GP:NUS    AGROTIS. 


209 


Meet,  witli 
liiiii  shade 
this  hitter 
10  dentate, 
ekLsh,  j)re- 
two  marks 
lish  wliite. 
swith  red- 
)Ihir.  Be- 
►''iiigs  ved- 
vS  e<|niilly 
s  are  im)re 
t.  lino  and 
i  are  pyra- 


i-list;  but 
'.  Yet  we 
:  seems  in 
;  but  very 

jrrote,  and 
»  any  note 


differs  in 
i"  two  dis- 
jelow  the 
ueh  wider 


in  not  pre- 
)uld  have 
specimens 


|ium ;  alon 
unduhi- 
)re  trans- 
>rbiciilari 


"Female. — Dark  ferruginous  brown.  Abdomen  brownish  cinereous. 
Fore  wii;£js  wif  i  bhiek  marks  at  the  base  and  ah)ng  tlie  costa,  and  with 
transverse  undulating  bhiek  double  lines,  which  are  partly  bordered 
with  testaceous;  an  exterior  incomplete  transvvirso  undulatiug  testa- 
ceous line;  reniform  spot  and  orbicular  spot  large,  partly  testaceous, 
the  latter  somewhat  oval,  flind  wings  cinere<iu>'  with  brown  borders 
and  j>alo  cinereous  ciliiu.  Length  of  the  body  7  lines  ;  of  the  wings  16 
lines. 
*'<«.  Orilla,  West  Canada.  Froni  Ar.  Bush's  collection." 
It  is  impossible  to  tipply  this  ilescription.  Mr.  Cirote,  whose  reference 
of  tiie  species  to  Af/rotis  has  been  followe.5  gives  no  suggestion  as  to 
the  species  it  most  resembles  or  where  its  allies  are  to  be  fouud. 

Agrotia  patula  Wlk. 
l-^r><i.  Wlk.,  C.  H.  Mils.,  Lop.  Hot.,  X,  '.Vi'J. 

"Ma.s. — Cervina;  anteniiie  mediocriter  pectinat:e;  thorax  pilis  non- 
unllis  albidis;  abdomen  basi  pallidum:  ahe  antica^  latiu.sculie,  lituris 
nigricantibus  ;  claviforiui  eloiigata,  orbiculari  subi)yrilorme,  lineis  dua- 
bus  exterioribus  transversis  angulosis,  lunulisrpio  inarginalibus;  pos- 
ticie  pallide  cinereo-cervina;. 

*'  Male. — Fawn  color.  Anteniiio  moderately  pectinated.  Tiiorax  with 
some  whitish  hairs.  A4jdomen  paler  toward  the  base.  Fore  wings 
rather  broad,  with  tl.'c  usual  marks  blackish ;  claviforin  spot  elongate; 
orbiciilarsubpyriforne ;  reniform  as  usual ;  two  e.vterior  transverse  zig- 
zag lines  and  a  row  of  marginal  lunules.  Hind  wings  pale  cinereous 
fawn  color.     Lengtii  of  tliC  body  7  lines;  of  tiie  wings  10  lines. 

"<(.  Kocky  .'^^ountaills.     Presenteil  by  tlio  late  I"]arl  of  Derby." 

Nothing  answering  sutli(!iently  well  to  this  description  is  known  to 
me.  The  pectinateu  auteiinie,  however,  narrow  the  [lossibility  of  associ- 
ation somewhat. 

Agrotis  licesitans  Wlk. 

18:>r..  Wlk.,  (.".  IJ.  Mum,,  L.j».  Hot.,  x,  [i'-l'J. 

"  Mas. — Ob.scurecervina;  palpi  fusel ;  anteniiie  nignr!,  mediocriter  poc- 
tinata* ;  abdoiiieii  pallidum;  ahe  anticie  lifiiris  l>asalibus,  striga  diseali, 
strigis  exterioribus,  fascia  iMKiompleta,  ma(;uhi  siilniuadrata,  biiinlis(|uo 
margiiialibusnigris,  orbiculari  et  renilbraii  iiidistinctis;  postica',  einereic, 
niarginefuscescente  ciliia  albidis. 

"  Male. — Dull  fawn  color.  Palpi  brown.  Antenna-  black,  moderately 
pectinated.  Abdomen  paler  than  the  tiiorax.  Fon'  wings  with  black 
marks  at  the  base,  with  a  slight  black  streak  in  the  di.->k,  with  an  in- 
coiiii»lete  black  band,  with  exterior  l)lack  streaks,  and  witii  black  mar- 
ginal lunules  ;  a  black,  subcpiadrate  siiot  between  theorbiculai  and  ren- 
iformspotswhi(;hareindistini!t,  Hind  wingscinereous,  brownish  toward 
the  border;  cilia)  wiiitisli.  Lengtii  of  the  body  (Hines  ;  of  the  wings 
14  lines. 

"a.  United  States.     Presented  by  F.  DouMeday,  Fsq." 
I>;{<i45— Bull.  .{S 14 


210  liULLKTIN    38,  UNITED    STATES    NATIONAL    MUSEUM. 


(t: 


1 ,11, 

1  .;l 


K'l 


It- 

->- 

I J 
I*" 

.Hi 


Agrotis  radix  Wlk. 
IKV,.  Wlk.,  C.  15.  Mus.,  L.-i..   Met.,  x,  SM. 

"P'tMriijiiuiH)  riiscji;  thorax  iiigro  fasciatas ;  abdomen  einerciuu,  la- 
U'rilms  ti'iriifjinc'is;  ala'  aiiticai  liueis  iioiiuiillis  tiansvcrsis  uiKlulatis 
pallidioribus  at  obsciirioribus,  liiiea  subinar{;iiiaH  aii<;iilo!so  albida, 
striga  basali  luiuilisiiue  luargiiiabbus  nijjiis  orbiciilari  et  renilbrini  ob- 
souritdo  niarfjinatis,  liac  iiiaxii'sa,  ilia  siibovata;  postlciu  cinerea',  iiiai- 
{iiiiilms  obsciirioiibus.  Mas. — Aiitjninr  ciliata; ;  abdoineu  valvulis 
ai>icalibiis  niagiiis  liiteo  pilosis, 

"  Noctua  radix  Barnstoii  i\I8S. 

"  Feniijfiiioiis  brown.  Thorax  with  a  black  band.  Abdomen  cin- 
ereous terrii};:inoiis  alonj^  each  side.  Fore  winj^s  with  several  nndnhit- 
in-"'  paler  and  darker  Unes,  the  submarffinal  line  an^^nlose  and  whitish  ; 
a  black  basal  streak  and  black  marjj^inal  hinnles;  orbicular  and  reni- 
Ibrm  spots  with  darker  borders,  the  former  irrej;ular!y  oval,  about  half 
the  size  of  the  latter,  which  is  very  hirge.  llind  wings  cinereous  with 
darker  borders. 

^^  Male. — Antenna^  ciliated.  Abdomen  with  largo  ai>ical  valves, 
whose  hairs  are  somewhat  luteous.  Length  of  the  body,  0  lines;  of 
the  wings,  KJ  lines, 

*•  <t.  St.  Martin's  Falls,  Albany  River,  llud:^on's  Hay.  I'resented  by 
Dr.  Barnston. 

"  b.  Nova  Scotia.     From  Lieutenant  Red  man's  collection." 

Agrotis  perlentans  Wlk. 

!-.-)(;.  Wlk.,  C.   M.  Mus.,  Lt'p.   Mot.,   x,  :U-,>. 

"Mas. — Fusca;  antenna;  simplicis  au^  t'ix  ciliata>;  abdomen  cin- 
ereiim ;  a^e  antica;  striga  <li.scali  interr'ipta  nigricante;  orbiculari  et 
reniformi  indistinctis  pallido  marginatis;  postica'  cinerea',  macula  dis- 
cali  margines(iue  fuscescentibus. 

"  Male. — r.rown.  Antennai  simple  or  hardly  ciliated.  Abdomen 
cinereous.  Fore  wings  with  a  blacki!'''  streak  between  the  base  and 
the  orbicular  spot,  and  between  the  latter  and  tht;  reniform  spot ;  spots 
indistinct,  with  pale  borders.  Hind  wings  cinereous  with  a  brownish 
dis(!al  spot  and  brownish  borders.  Length  of  the  body,  (5  lines  ;  of  the 
wings,  14  lines, 

"  a.  New  York.     I'resented  by  F.  Doubleday,  Esq.'' 

Agrotis  mollis  Wlk. 

18:)(5.  Wlk.,  C.  H.  Mnn.,  L.'p,  lift.,  x,  SXl. 

"  Foem. — Cana;  thorax  ferrugineo  fuscoque  fasciatns;  abdomen  cin- 
ereum;  ala;  antica-  feruginea',  lineis  transversis  canis  nigres(pie,  exte- 
riore  arcuata,  submarginali  undiUata,  striga  brevi  discali  atra;  orbicu- 
lari subovata,  reniformi  vix  excavata. 

"Noctua  mollis,  Barnston  MSS. 


UM. 


REVISION    OF    SPECIES    OP   THE    GENUS   AGUOTIS. 


211 


iriert'uiii,  la 
is  uiuliilutJH 
loso  aU>i(la, 
L'liifoiini  oh- 
nereii',  inar- 
tMi   valvulis 


•doiiiei!  cin- 
nil  uiidulat- 
11(1  wliitisli ; 
V  and  iciii- 
,  about  half 
t'leous  with 

<;al  valves, 
0  lines ;  oi' 

resented  by 


loMien   ciii- 

bicidari  et 

iiacula  dis- 

Abdonieu 
',  base  and 
I>()t ;  spots 
I  brownish 
les  ;  of  the 


lonieti  eiii- 

s(iiu',  exto- 

i;  orbicu- 


"  Female. — Hoary.  Thorax  witii  ferruginous  and  brown  band.  Ab- 
domen and  hind  winjjs  cinereous.  Fore  winj^s  mostly  ferruginous; 
the  usual  transverse  lines  hoary  and  blackish,  and  very  distinct;  the 
exterior  cue  curved,  the  submarginal  one  undulating;  a  short  discal 
deep  black  streak  extending  to  the  reniform  spot  and  interrupted  by 
the  orbicular  one;  the  latter  is  irregularly  oval,  and  not  much  smaller 
than  the  reniform,  which  is  hardly  excavated.  Length  of  the  body,  7 
lines;  of  the  wings,  14  lines. 

"«.  St.  Martin's  Falls,  Albany  River,  Hudson's  Bay.  Presented  by 
Dr.  Barnston." 

Graphiphora  illapsa  Wlk. 

18r.7.  Wlk.,  C.  1$.  MiiH.,  Loj..  lU't.,  xi,  711. 

"  Foem. — Subferrugineo-cine  ea;  palpi  nigro  fusci,  api(!0  pallidi; 
thorax  autice  nigro  fasciatus;  abdomen  cinereum  ;  abe  antica;  nigro 
conspersu',  lituris  costalib'is  lineisque  valde  incompletis  nigris,  orbicu- 
lari  obsoleta,  reniformi  e  lituris  nigris,  fasciis  duabus  latus  ferrugineis 
lineaque  intermedia  albida  exterioribus;  i>osticic  cinereie,  ferrugiueo 
uiarginata\ 

"  Female. — Cinerous,  with  a  slight  ferruginous  tinge.  Palpi  l)la(!ki.sli 
brown,  with  pale  tips.  Thorax  with  a  black  band  in  front.  Abdomen 
cinereous.  Fore  wings  minutely  speckled  with  black,  with  black  costal 
nuirks,  aiul  witli  very  incomplete  black  transverse  lines  ;  orbicular  spt)t 
obsolete;  reniform  indicated  by  some  black  marks;  a  broad  exterior 
ferruginous  band,  partly  divided  by  a  whitish  line  from  the  pale  ferru- 
ginous marginal  band.  Hind  wings  <!inereous,  ferruginous  towards  the 
borders.     Length  of  the  body,  14  lines  ;  of  the  wings,  L'O  lines. 

"a.  St.  Martin's  Falls,  Albany  Itiver,  Hudson's  Jiay.  Presented  by 
Dr.  Barnston." 

This  is  intimately  associated  with  anijnr  by  Mr.  Walker,  the  latter 
species  being  credited  to  the  same  locality.  It  may  be  sometliing  very 
like  I'achuobia,  or  i>ossibIy  a  form  nearly  allied  to  elimata  G:i. 

Agrotis  ordinata  Wlk. 

1H65.  Wlk.,  C.  n.  MiiH.,  Lop.  lift.,  xx.Mi,  C.'.ll. 

"  Foem. — Cinerea,  nigro  consper.sa,  palpi  jiorrecti,  articulo  3"  bro- 
vissiino;  anteinia)  subsetulosa' ;  tibia-  basi  fascMculata",  ahe  antica^  linois 
<p'ator  nigris,  la  2a(pui  dui>!icalis,  la  abbreviata,  .'{a  dentata,  4a  den- 
ticulata,spatio  marginati  fusitescente  lineamsubmarginalem  angulosam 
includente,  orbicular!  et  reniformi  niagnis  nigro  marginatis;  posticiu 
pallide  cinerea',  puncito  discali  venis  s{)atio(|ue  marginali  ob.scurioribus. 

^^  Female. — Cinereous,  black  sueckled.  Palpi  porrect,  extending  a 
little  beyond  the  luuid,  second  Joint  clothed  with  rather  long  hairs; 
third  Joint  conical,  very  minute.  Antenna^  very  minutely  .sotulo.so. 
AbdoMUMi  paler,  extending  a  little  beyond  the  hind  wings.  Femora 
fringed  on  the  inner  side;  tibi.u  and  tarsi  spinose,  the  former  with  a 


li 

il 

3» 


212 


BILLKTIX    -.iX,   IXITEU    STATUS    NATIONAL    MISKIM. 


I  •• 

Ft. 

I*" 

,•4 


'I  J»t 
^•1  .* 


tuft  of  bairs  alwve  at  the  l):is»».  Fore  wiiiij.s  with  four  transverse  black 
lint-s:  the  lirst  aiul  sefuiul  lines  tlouliN-,  tirst  nearthe  base,  abbreviated 
hiiKlvanl;  second  at  half  the  distance  between  tlie  first  and  the  orbic- 
ular ruark;  third  dentate,  somewhat  ditl'use,  between  the  orbicular 
mark  and  the  reuiforin  mark;  fourth  denticulate,  beyond  the  reniform 
mark:  i>ubinarginal  line  /A^i-z.-.i'^,  of  the  ground  hue,  but  distin^fuished 
by  the  brownish  shade  which  it  traverses.  Marginal  line  black,  fes 
tooned  :  orbicular  and  reniform  mark.s  large,  with  black  lM)rders,  which 
are  iiilerrnpte<l  in  front,  the  former  slightly  elong-ated  and  oblique,  the 
latti-rofthe  usual  form.  Iliutl  wings  pale  cinen-ous.  darker  toward 
the  exterior  bonier.  Discal  points  anil  veins  al>o  darker;  fringe  white. 
Lentil  of  the  l>Mly,  S  lines  ;  of  the  wings,  18  lines. 

**  We*t  Canada.     lu  the  llev.  Mr.  Uethune's  collection." 
This  dt-jicription  apiilies  very  fairly  well  to  s«)nie  pale  forms  of  mcs- 
soria.  and  the  p.,»ecie.s  must  be  close   to  the  latter  from  the  characters 
gi%'eiu 

Agrotis  vetusta  Wlk. 

l-tZi.  W]k.,  C.  It.  Mils.,  Lep.  Hit.,  xxxii,  f,lH. 

"Mas. — Fusc«'s«-ente  cinere;> ;  palpi  ol»li(pn'  aM-endentes,  articulo  3" 
longi-^xmico :  antenna;  robnsta',  setulosa' ;  ala-  antica*  nigro  conspersa', 
»tri<^  }>a.sali  liturisijue  paucis  nigris,  orbiculari  annuliforuii,  linea  sub- 
margiriali  eiuerea  angu!(jsa,  pu Metis  inarginalirm.s  uigris;  iKistica-  pal- 
li«Ie  cint-rt-a-.  fu>cescente  marginata'. 

"Malt/. — Drownisli  cinereous.  l'ali)i  «)biiipiely  ascending,  not  rising 
so  hijzh  as  the  vertex;  second  joint  clothed  with  .short  closely  applied 
ha:r»:  thinl  joint  elongate-ivjuical,  acute,  very  minute.  Antenna'  stout, 
verk'  minutely  setulose.  Abdomen  eiiiereous,  extending  somewhat  be- 
yond the  hiii<I  wings;  apical  tuft  very  large.  Fore  wings  thinly  black 
Hfieekietl,  with  a  blackish  basal  streak,  and  with  a  few  indeterminate 
blark  marks  I»ehin<l  the  orbi(;ular  mark  and  near  the  exterior  border; 
orbicular  uurk  c<»mpO'<iiig  a  rather  large  black  ringlet :  reniform  mark 
of  the  H-saal  shape  ;  sultmargiiial  line  cinereous  zigzag;  marginal  points 
black.  Hind  wings  pale  cinereous,  brownish  towards  the  exterior 
Imnb-r.     Iv^-ngth  of  the  body,  U)  lines;  of  the  wings,  L'i  lines. 

••  \V.-<t  Canada.     In  the  Kev.  ."\lr.  Iletliune's  collection.'' 

Mr.  Grote  has  suggested  that  this  may  Ite  the  same  as  ntHrtrnuhi  (i. 
anil  II-.  but  this  c;iii  scarcely  be  so  if  the  description  is  at  all  to  be  re- 
lie«l  U|M>ii. 

Agrotis  reticeiia  Wlk. 


•l 


l-»r..  \V]k..  V.  15.  Mas.,  J.i-i..  H.'t.,  xxxii,  IkI.'. 

'•Poem. — Fasce.seente  cinerea,  nigro  cons[)ersa,  palpi  onlique  ascen- 
denti>s.  articalo  3o  ininiino;  antenna'  subsetulosa- :  ala*  aiitica'  lineis 
tribu.H  nijrris  duplicatis;  la,  iinleterminata  ;  2a,  deiitata  ;  3a,  denticu- 
lata;   »patia  marginali  nigricautu  lineam  subinargiualeui  ungulosam 


LM. 


REVISION   OP   SPECIES   OF   THE   GENUS   AGROTIS 


213 


verse  black 
»bl(ieviafe<i 
I  the  orbic- 
e  orbicular 
lie  reiiifonn 
itiujruislied 
black,  fes. 
ilers,  wbicli 
>bliqiie,  tlie 
ier  toward 
nge  white. 


ns  of  mcs- 
cbaracters 


articulo  3" 
•oiisjiersa', 
linea  sub- 
'stica'  pal- 
not  rising 
ly  applied 
Ilia'  stout, 
f'wliat  be- 
inly  black 
tenninate 
r  border; 
»riii  mark 
lal  poiuts 
exterior 


■(Finda  G. 
to  be  re- 


fUscesceiite  ciiiereani  iiiclucbMite;  orbiculari  et  rcuif'oriui  nij?ro  nuirgi- 
natis;  posticic  ciueicie,  apud  margiueiii  obscuriores,  puucto  discali 
veuisque  nigricautibus. 

"Female. — lirowiiish  cinereous,  minutely  black  speckled,  I'alpi  ob- 
liquely ascending,  not  rising  near  so  high  as  the  vertex;  se(!ond  joint 
wit)i  short  hairs;  third,  extremely  small.  Antenna'  very  minutely 
setulose.  Abdomen  cinereous,  extending  a  little  beyond  the  hind 
wings.  Fore  wings  with  three  transverse  double  black  lines ,  first  near 
the  basCj  very  incomi)lete ;  second,  dentate  on  the  inner  side  of  the  or- 
bicular mark  ;  third,  denticulate  beyond  the  reniform  mark.  Subnmr- 
ginal  line  zigzag,  of  the  ground  hue,  but  disringuished  by  the  blackish 
shade  which  it  traverses;  marginal  line  composed  of  black  lunules;  or- 
bicular and  reniform  marks  blackish  bordered,  the  former  oblique  and 
oblong,  the  latter  of  tlui  usual  form.  Iliud  wings  cinereous,  darker 
toward  the  exterior  border;  discal  i)oint  and  veins  bbu-kish;  fringe 
whitisii.     Length  of  the  body,  7  lines;  of  tlu!  wings,  18  lines. 

"  West  Canada.     In  the  llev.^r.  Uethune's  colle<;tion." 

Of  the  other  names  in  the  lists  A.  nivcirenosa  Crrt.  is  an  llddnin;  A. 
planalh  Grt.  is  a  Ttiniocampid,  exact  genus  not  made  out  from  the 
specimen;  A. pi/ropltUoidcs  Ilarv.  is  not  referable  to  the  Af/rofifis,  but 
has  not  yet  received  any  place  ;  Pachnohia  aUiskiV  Grt.  is  an  AtfrotijiliHa 
and  belongs  near  Anarta  rather  tiian  Afp-otis.  Mr.  Morrison's  names 
are  all  accounted  for,  and  his  species,  with  two  exceptions  only,  identi- 
tied.  I  believe  I  have  all  of  Guen(''e'ssi)ecies  properly  r-laced.  and  only 
the  Walkerian  species  are  in  doul»t.  Of  these  I  have  given  transcripts 
of  all  referred  to  A;/ri>tiii.  They  may  belong  almost  anywhere  else,  and 
on  the  contrary  there  is  every  reason  to  believe  that  some  of  his  spe(;ies 
of  ^[amcst^•a  are  really  referable  to  this  groui)  of  genera.  It  will  require 
careful  comparison  by  sojue  one  with  a  thorough  knowledge  of  ourown 
fauna  to  identify  these  species  satisfactorily. 

Mr.  Strecker,  in  his  Lop.  IJhop.  et  Met.,  7!),  records  Af/rotisporphnrcn 
nbn.  from  Labrador,  a  determination  which  I  deem  extremely  question- 
able. Staudinger  gives  central  and  Itorea^  not  arctic,  Eurojie  in  the 
distribution,  which  doe^  I'ot  m  ord  well  with  a  Lalirador  habitat.  I 
have  therefore  omitted  .J.  .eferenet'  to  the  s|)ecies  elsewhere,  but  call 
attention  to  the  matter  here  for  what  it  is  worth. 


le  ascen- 

i'iv  lineis 

denticu- 

igulosam 


c. 


n, 


I  " 

(■1 

,•* 


APPENDIX. 


Since  the  manuscript  of  this  revision  was  handed  in,  only  a  few 
niontlis  ago,  a  number  of  species  difl'ering  from  all  previously  <le- 
scribed  have  come  into  my  hands,  and  these  are  for  completeness 
described  here  and  inserted  in  their  proper  places  in  the  list  of  species. 
It  has  proved  inexpedient  to  insert  them  in  the  body  of  the  paper 
without  too  much  change  in  the  text ;  but  I  have  in  all  cases  in  the 
descriptions  indicated  tlie  nearest  allies,  and  ditVerentiated  the  species 
from  those  with  which  they  most  nearly  resemble. 

Large  as  is  the  assemblage  here,  nuiny  undescribed  forms  are  still 
in  collections,  and  every  sending  from  the  far  western  States  brings  to 
light  new  species.  In  the  U.  S.  National  ^luseum  are  some  species, 
represented  sometimes  by  one,  sometimes  even  by  several,  bred  speci- 
mens which  I  could  not  place  satisfactorily  to  myself  and  which  are 
therefore  omitted.  It  is  hoped  that  the  present  paper,  by  substituting 
a  natural  arrangenunit  for  the  confused  mixture  in  Mr.  Grote's  lists, 
will  facilitate  the  proper  determination  of  species  in  the  collections. 


'    N 


Agrotis  auruleiita  sp.  iiov. 

Ground  color  of  head,  thorax  and  primaries  ])ale,  whitish  luteous, 
with  a  variably  distinct  reddish  sulfusion.  Head  and  thorax  immacu- 
late. Primaries  usually  with  basal  an<l  t.  a.  lines  oi)solete;  in  a  speci- 
men witli  a  strong  reddish  sutt'usiou  the  lines  well  deliiuMl,  of  the  ground 
color,  without  <la'ker  margins;  t.  a.  line  then  decidedly  angulated. 
T.  p.  line  very  even,  nearly  ))arall('l  witli  the  outer  margin,  marked  by 
a  series  of  venular  short  dashes,  beyond  which  is  a  ligliter  shade  line; 
in  the  sntVnsed  specimen  the  median  spacM-  is  reddish,  and  tlie  contrast 
between  it  and  the  s.  t.  spafte  defines  tlie  course  of  the  line  better. 
S.  t.  line  tra(;eable,  slightly  paler,  somewhat  irregular.  A  row  of  small 
terminal  lunules.  Claviform  wanting.  Orbicuhir  round,  smaP,  sliglitly 
<larker  centered,  with  a  somewhat  paler  annulus ;  obsolete  in  pale 
specimens.  Orbicular  moderate,  somewhat  constricted  centrally, 
slightly  paler  ringed,  inferiorly  blackish  powdered.  Veins  more  or 
less  blackish  marked,  especially  the  median  aiul  internal.  Secondaries 
in  the  male  soiled  whitish,  in  the  female  blacki.sh.  Beneath  white, 
with  a  more  or  less  evident  discal  spot  on  primaries. 

Plxpands  31-;>7""";  1.25-1.50  inches. 

Habitat. — Colorado,  Nebraska,  Arizona. 

215 


216  BULLETIN    S8,  UNITED    STATES    NATIONAL   MUSEUM 


tP4!l 
•Hit 


^'^.Jl 


I  •'■■  - « 1 

I*" 
|*i<   :  .Jil 


Four  Rpeciinciis,  three  males  and  one  female,  all  from  the  collection 
U.  S.  National  ^luseum,  are  before  me.  Three  of  these  are  from  Mr. 
Bruce,  collected,  one  <J ,  "foothills  near  Denver,"  and  this  is  the  small- 
est and  an  almost  immaculate  specimen,  the  venular  marks  of  t.  p. 
line  only  l»ein<;  distinctly  traceable;  <Mie  9  ,  "  TMatte  Canon,  0,000  feet," 
and  this  is  the  largest,  the  transverse  maculation  obsolete,  the  dusky 
markings  of  the  veins  most  distinct;  the  third  specimen  is  also  a^, 
"  Omaha,  Nebr.,  .Tune,"  and  this  has  a  distinct  reddish  shade  to  the  t.  p. 
line,  all  the  macidation  very  well  (blined.  The  fourth  specimen,  with- 
out nuirked  locality,  isa  5  ,  which  was  given  me  years  ago  by  Mr.  George 
Frank,  who  had  several  others  in  his  collection,  I  thiidv,  from  '  ■  izoiia. 
I  suspected  at  that  time  that  it  might  be  my  ihe<lialifi,  but  it  ise\  idently 
distinct  geneii(!ally ;  the  specimen  is  most  nearly  like  the  Denver  ^  , 
but  is  somewhat  more  distinctly  marked.  The  antenna',  are  shortly 
pectiiKited  and  the  wing  form  is  like  ypsihu.  It  is  the  only  whitish 
species  I  have  yet  seen  referrable  lo  Affroiis  as  restricted  by  me. 

Agrotis  ingeniculata  sp.  iiov. 

General  color  of  head,  thorax,  and  primaries  an  ashen  fuscous  gray, 
the  maculation  all  distinct.  Thorax  <juadrate,  without  obvious  tuft- 
ings.  Collar  with  a  central  whitish  line  superiorly  margined  with  a 
brown  line  tipped  with  whitish,  which  is  infcriorly  margined  by  black- 
ish. I'atagia'  gray  inargine<l,  the  gray  limited  inwardly  l)y  a  blackish 
line.  Primaries  with  bi  sal  line  «listinct,  geminate,  inner  line  black, 
included  space  paler  whitish  gray.  T.  a.  line  distinct,  geminate  ;  outer 
line  black,  included  s|»ace  whitish  ;  at  costa  (he  line  touches  the  orbicu- 
lar in  such  a  way  that  the  outer  line  seems  to  encircle  that  spot,  resum- 
ing its  course  on  the  costal  vein,  below  which  it  is  even,  only  slightly 
sinuate.  T.  p.  line  distinctly  geuiinate  oidy  on  costa,  below  which  only 
the  inner  line  is  distinct,  crenulate,  almost  parallel  with  outer  margin. 
S.  t.  line  very  irregular,  (toncolorous,  limiting  an  ash-gray  apical  spot, 
delined  below  this  by  the  darker  terininal  space  and  a  vague,  inter- 
rupted dusky  precetling  shade,  most  distinct  opposite  the  cell.  A  very 
distinct  narrow  transverse  shade  line  from  lower  edge  of  reniform, 
close  to  and  i>arallel  with  t.  p.  line  to  inner  niargin.  A  series  of  dark 
terminal  lunules.  Claviforiu  short,  distinct,  black  margined,  the  mar- 
gin diffuse  inwardly  and  i)artly  filling  the  spot.  Orbicular  large,  some- 
what irregular,  outlined  in  black,  wiliiin  which  is  a  white  annulus, 
incomplete  at  the  inner  costal  angle  ;  center  paler  fuscous.  Reniform 
large,  kidney  shaped,  black  margined,  and  within  this  a  white  annulus; 
center  concolorous  with  a  narrow  whitish  central  line.  The  cell  is 
darker  around  the  ordinary  siK)ts,and  a  dark  blotch  i)recede8  the  apical 
pale  patch.  Secondaries  smoky  fuscous,  ])aler  basally.  Deneath,  i)ri- 
maries  dark,  smoky,  secondaries  grayish  powdery  ;  both  wings  withau 
outer  line  and  discal  lunule;  terminal  space  rather  paler,  powdery. 
Expands  39""",  1.5.5  inches. 

Habitat. — Colorado. 


( 


. 


JM 


REVISION    OF    SPECIES    OF    THE    GENUS    AGUOTIS. 


217 


i  collection 

0  from  Mr. 
>  tiie  Htuall- 
ks  of  t.  p. 
G,50()  feet," 
the  dusky 

s  also  a  S , 

1  to  the  t.  p. 
men,  with- 
Mr.  George 
11  izoiia. 
se\i(lently 
Denver  S  , 
ire  shortly 
ily  whitish 

me. 


cous  gray, 
k'ioua  tuft- 
ii'd  with  a 
by  black- 
a  blackish 
lie  black, 
ite ;  outer 
he  orbicu- 
ot,  resiim- 
y  slightly 
hich  only 
r  margin, 
ical  spot, 
no,  inter- 
A  very 
reniform, 
i  of  dark 
the  mar- 
ge, soiue- 
annnlus, 
leniform 
uinulns; 
e  cell  is 
le  apical 
ath,  pri- 
I  with  an 
lowdery. 


" 


4  '■>■ 


A  single  perfect  male  from  Mr.  J.  Angelman's  collection,  collected 
by  Mr.  Bruce.  The  species  is  a  very  distinct  one,  structurally  allied 
to  geniculata,  than  which  it  is  much  larger,  but  with  much  the  same 
general  appearance.  It  is  a  broad-winged  species,  resembling  in  that 
character  badinodes.  The  front  is  bulging,  but  perfectly  smooth.  Tlie 
antennal  pectinations  are  very  short,  unlike  those  of  (jcnirulata,  and 
shorter  than  in  any  other  of  the  species  referred  to  Agrotis  as  restricte<l 
by  myself.  The  genitalia  agree  closely  with  tiiose  of  geniculata,  of 
which  they  may  be  considered  the  western  representative. 

Feltia  longidens  s]).  unv. 

Ground  color  of  head  and  thorax  ])ale  luteous.  Head  immaculate; 
collar  with  a  transverse  blackish  line,  i)atagiii'  black  margined.  Pri- 
maries with  the  median  lines  obsolete  ;  1. 1>.  barely  indicated  by  venular 
dots  opposite  the  cell.  S.  t.  line  (Muicolorous,  marked  by  the  dusky 
terminal  space  and  by  a  series  ot  preceding,  black,  sagittate  spots. 
This  dark  terminal  space  is  interrupted  on  each  vein,  all  of  which  send 
a  ray  of  the  ground  color  to  the  outer  margin,  giving  the  wings  ij.  char- 
acteristic radiate  appearance  which  is  nni(pie.  A  llack  basal  dash  to 
which  is  atta<!hed  the  narrow,  concolorons,  loop-like  claviibrm,  which  is 
narrowly  black  margined.  A  line  black  liise  runs  from  the  eml  of  the 
claviform  to  the  s.  t.  line.  All  the  veins  below  the  costal  series  are 
marked  with  Idackish.  The  costal  region  is  a  paler  shade  of  ground 
color,  which  also  invades  the  orbicular;  the  latter  is  oblicpie,  almost 
quadrate,  the  basocostal  side  wanting ;  narrowly  black  margined. 
Reniform  large,  upright,  normally  shaped,  linely  black  ringe<l,  then 
with  a  rather  broad  paler  annulus,  leaving  the  center  coni^olorous. 
Surrounding  the  reniform  is  a  darker  fuscous  shade.  Secondaries 
pure  white  in  both  sexes.  Ueneath,  primaries  smoky,  the  veins  paler; 
secondaries  white. 

Expands  31-32'"",  1.24-1.28  inches. 

Habitat. — Las  Vegas,  New  Mexico. 

Two  specimens,  a  fairly  good  male  and  a  very  poor  female,  from  Mr. 
NeuuKegen's  collection,  taken  by  Mr.  Meeske.  The  sjjecies  is  congen- 
eric with  subgoihica  and  allies,  which  it  resembles  in  habitus,  but  from 
all  of  which  it  differs  by  the  radiate  markings  through  the  terminal 
space  and  by  the  pure  white  secondaries. 

Porosagrotis  daedalus  sp.  iiov. 

General  color  of  head,  thorax,  and  primaries  pale  fuscous  gray,  shaded 
with  white.  Collar  marked  with  a  fuscous  line  near  tip.  Patagia>  with 
a  dusky  fuscous  margin.  Primaries  with  the  transverse  maculation 
completely  obsolete,  the  s.  t.  line  only  being  even,  indicated  by  a  series 
of  distinct  or  even  prominent  black  sagittate  spots  or  dashes,  varying 
greatly  iu  distinctness  in  the  specimens  before  me.    The  claviform  is 


■ail  I! 


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218  BULLETIN    :<8,  UNITKD    8TATKS    NATIONAL   MHSEIIM. 

distinct,  black  HiumI,  makinff  a  loiifif  narrow  loop  from  base  almost  to  the 
middle  of  the  wing.  The  orbicular  is  reduced  to  a  dusky  or  blackish  in- 
definite elonjsite  streak.  The  reniform  is  replaced  by  a  blackish  lunule 
at  the  end  of  the  cell,  around  which  is  a  variably  dift'use  and  indefmed 
shading.  The  veins  are  black  nuirked,  and  with  narrow  accompanying 
whitish  shades,  which  are  most  jn-ominent  on  veins  three,  four,  six,  and 
seven,  A  whitish  subcostal  shading  and  a  ])aler  niore  yellowish  shade 
from  the  end  of  the  claviform  to  near  the  anal  angle.  Secondaries 
whitish  fuscous,  darker  in  the  female.  Beneath  whitish,  primaries 
with  disk  dusky,  both  wings  with  a  discal  lunule.  Expands  37-31)""', 
1.50-1.55  inches. 

Habitat. — Colorado. 

Four  specimens,  S  and  9  ,  are  before  mc,  all  of  them  collected  by 
Mr.  l>ruce — one  ot  them  from  Mr.  Angel  man,  the  others  from  the  col- 
lection IJ.  S.  National  IVIuseum.  All  are  very  much  alike,  ditlering 
only  in  the  relative  brightness  of  the  maculal  ion. 

The  geinis  rorosagrotis  is  proposed  for  a  series  of  spe(!ies  of  which 
viuncnula  is  type,  agreeing  with  Carucudes  dit.  in  structure  save  as  to 
the  S  genitalia,  the  clasper  in  Carnendes  being  lengthily  bifurcate, 
while  in  the  new  genus  it  is  always  a  single  curved  corneous  more  or 
less  hook-like  process.  The  present  species  is  allied  to  orthujonUi  and 
dollii  in  the  shortly  i>ectinated  antennae,  having  the  wing  form  of  the 
latter  si)ecies.  The  strigato  niaculation  and  the  narrow  loop  like  clavi- 
form easily  distinguish  it  from  all  its  allies.  The  body  is  very  robust, 
and  the  thoracic  vestiture  thick,  giving  the  species  a  very  plump  ap- 
pearance. 

Carneades  neomexicana  sp.  nov. 

Ground  color  of  head,  thorax,  and  ])rimariesa  somewhat  ycllowisU 
brick-red.  Head  inferiorly  whitish.  Collar  inferiorly  bright  pale  gray 
and  tipped  with  the  same  color.  Patagiie  marked  discally  with  bright 
blue-gray,  the  thoracic  tuftings,  which  are  evident,  marked  by  the  same 
shade.  Costal  region  of  primaries  bluish-gray,  this  shade  sometimes 
extending  also  along  internal  margin,  along  the  apical  venules,  and  al- 
ways along  the  nu'dian  vein,  braixihiiig  on  veins  four  and  five  and  in- 
denting the  terminal  space.  Basal  line  indicated  below  median  vein, 
geminate,  paler,  delining  lines  blackish.  T.  a.  line  distinct  only  below 
costal  region,  '^-der,  outer  deiiuing  line  black,  inner  concolorous.  T.  p. 
line  pale,  geminate,  the  defining  lines  scarcely  darker,  usually  indistinct 
below  veins  three  and  four,  and  sometimes  the  line  is  obsolete  below 
the  cell.  S.  t.  line  concolorous,  marked  by  the  dark  terminal  space  and 
a  dusky  preceding  shade,  indented  usually  about  half  way  across  the 
terminal  space  on  veins  three  and  four.  A  series  of  fine  terminal  dots. 
Claviform  sir^all,  black  margined.  Orbicular  oblong,  obliijue,  usually 
open  to  costa,  black  winged,  then  with  a  whitish  annulus,  center  of 
palest  shade  of  groundcolor.  Reniformupright,  moderate  in  size,  normal 
in  form,  with  a  very  narrow  black  and  slightly  paler  annulus,  centre  uni- 


/ 


dil 


M. 


KEVISIO.N    OF    SPECIES    OF   THE    GENUS    AGKOTIS. 


219 


lost  to  the 
lackish  in- 
isli  luuule 
indeflneil 
mpanying 
r,  six,  uiul 
ish  shade 
icondaries 
primaries 
i  37-31)""", 


lected  by 

II  the  col- 

differiug 

of  which 
save  as  to 
bifurcate, 
s  more  or 
jonia  and 
in  of  the 
ikechivi- 
y  robust, 
lunn)  ap- 


ellowish 
►ale  gray 
h  bright 
he  same 
motimes 
and  al- 
and in- 
an  vein, 
y  below 
T.  p. 
distinct 
13  beh)W 
ace  and 
OSS  the 
al  dots, 
usually 
nter  of 
normal 
tre  uui- 


s. 


^ 


/ 


form  of  a  pale  shade  of  ground  color.  All  around  ami  between  the 
ordinary  spots  darker.  A  paler  shade  through  submedian  interspace, 
not  reaching  the  anal  angle.  Secondaries  of  the  male  white,  veins 
dusky,  powdered  ;  female  dusky,  paler  bassally,  veins  still  darker.  Be- 
neath white,  i)owdery,  disc  of  primaries,  and  in  9  of  secondaries  also, 
darker. 

Kxpamls  30-33""' ;  1.20-1.30  inches. 
IlAHiTAT.— New  Mexico. 

Several  specimens  collected  by  Mr.  Meeske  are  in  the  collections  of 
I\ressrs.  llulst  and  Neumcegen.  The  species  is  a  close  ally  of  quadri- 
denta  Grt.,  and  I  should  not  be  greatly' surprised  if  it  eventually  proved 
a  local  variety  of  that  species.  The  most  striking  character  is  the  pe- 
culiarly bright  reddish  yellow  ground  color,  contrasted  by  the  blue- 
gray  costal  region  and  thora<!ic  marking.  The  orbicular  is  obli(iue  in- 
stead of  round  in  all  the  si)eciraens  before  me,  and  altogether  the  form 
is  difierent  from  iiuything  I  have  seen  befon'.,  although  many  specimens 
of  (jnadridentata  have  passed  through  my  hands. 

Carneades  teleboa  Hp.  iiov. 

Head,  thorax,  ami  ])rimaries  a  faintly  reddish,  very  pale  luteous. 
Head  and  thonix  immaculate.  Primaries  with  basal  and  t.  a.  lines 
wanting.  T.  p.  line  very  faintly  distinguishable  as  a  narrow  lino 
slightly  darker  than  the  ground  color,  a  little  emphasized  on  the  veins. 
S.  t.  line  vague,  indelinite,  irreguhir,  concolorous,  faintly  traceable 
through  tlie  powdering  of  black  scales  that  slightly  darkens  the  outer 
I»art  of  the  wing.  A  bioad  dilt'use  shade  of  bhu^k  i»owderings  crosses 
the  wing  a  little  beyond  the  middle.  Orbicnilar  obsolete.  Keniform 
indetinito  black  powdered,  forming  a  iirominent  feature  at  the  outer 
margin  of  the  ])owdery  median  shade.  Secondaries  pure  white,  immac- 
ulate. IJeneath  white;  primaries  with  a  slight  reddish  tinge,  the 
black  reniform  spot  marked  ;  secondaries  immaculate. 

Expands  2S"'";  1.12  inches. 

IIaiutat. — Las  Vegas,  New  Mexico. 

A  single  female  spe<!imen    from    INlr.  Neumo'gen,  collected  by  IMr. 

Meeske.     The  spefties  is  allietl  to  pfdiilis  in  ground  color  and  habitus 

but  did'ers  obviously  by  the  obsolete  transverse  niaculation  ami  the 

broiid,  diffuse,  powdery  median  shade.    The  tarsi  are  annulate  with 

black. 

Carneades  lineifrons  hji.  iiov. 

A  very  pale  whitish  luteous.  Head  with  a  transverse  dark  line, 
thorax  immaculate.  Basal  line  geminate,  the  marginal  lines  inter- 
rupted, blackish,  included  space  concolorous.  T.  a.  line  geminate, 
outwardly  oblique,  slightly  irregular,  the  marginal  lines  widely  sepa- 
rated, not  interruptcid ;  included  space  concolorous.  T.  p.  line  geminate, 
inner  line  crenulato  distinct,  evenly  outcurved;  outer  line  punctiform. 
represented  by  a  rowofvenular  dots.    S.  t.  line  concolorous,  feebly 


f* 

M 


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220  lUTLLKTIN   as,  UN'ITEU    STATES    NATIONAL   MIISKUM. 

simuite,  relievt'tl  liy  tin;  blackisli  tenniiiiil  space  uii«l  si  blackish  pre- 
cediiijif  sIkkU'.  A  distinct,  lnoail,  lilackisli,  liuiatc  transverse  line 
through  tlic  outer  part  of  median  si>a(te.  Clavilorin  \vantin;,^  Orbicular 
lar;fc,  coiicolorons,  inconipictcly  i  iiij^cd  by  a  powdery  black  line.  IJetii- 
forrn  moderate  in  size,  blackish  powdery  without  distinct  defiuiu};  line. 
►Secondaries  shadin^j  from  soiled  whitish  at  base  to  blackish  at  outer 
niarf^iu;  veins  smoky,  <liscal  spot  of  under  side  visible.  IJeneath  whit- 
ish, primaiies  with  disc  blackish,  a  distiu(!t  outer  line!  and  adiscal  spot; 
secondaries  with  discal  s])ot  oidy. 

Expands  ;{>""" ;  L.'iO  inches. 

Habitat.— Colorado. 

A  sin<,de  niah;  specimen  in  jjood  (!ondition  from  collection  U.  S.  Na- 
tional Museum,  taken  by  3lr.  Itruce, 

The  species  is  quite  peculiar  by  the  dark  transverst^  line  of  front, 
whi(;li  is  not  fouiul  in  an^'  of  its  allies.  It  is  close  to  pcihilis  in  type  of 
macniation  iiut  exclusive  of  the  j;roiind  color,  the  luck  of  the  distinct 
orbicular  and  the  dusky  secondaries  are  (piite  suilicient  to  distinguish 
it.    The  tarsi  are  not  annulate. 

Caineades  pcdalis  sp.  nov. 

General  <'olor  of  head,  thorax,  and  primaries  a  fine  reddish  yellow, 
or  to|)az.  Head  and  thorax  immaculate.  Piimaiies,  l»asal  line  geiiu- 
nate,  sli;ihtly  paler,  llu^  outer  deliniii;;'  line  interrupted,  Itlackish,  pow- 
dery; t.  a.  line  geminate,  paler,  very  ev«'n  and  iilinost  upright;  i:  ••■ked 
on  costa  by  two  black  spots,  from  the  inner  of  whicu  extends  a  black 
powderin<(  relieving:  the  h  T.  j).  line  fi'eminate,  ]»aler,  marked  cos- 

tally  by  black  spots,  from  the  •  ,.  <"  which  extends  a  curved  black 

line  reduced  to  a  powderinu' below  thecuMi;  tlie  iniu^  line  is  delined 
only  by  the  pale  incliuled  shade  and  is  creiiidate ;  tin;  jjeneral  course  is 
very  even  below  the  costal  outcurve.  Through  the  center  of  the  wing 
is  a  rather  broad,  black,  sli;jfhtly  ir'c^Mdar  median  shade  line,  which  is 
the  most  prominent  feature  of  the  wi;i','  i.iaculation.  IJeyond  the  t.  p. 
line  the  s.  t.  si)ace  becomes  powdeiy,  darkeninj;  to  black  outwardly, 
and  relieving  the  concolorous  s.  1. 1  sie,  which  is  rather  irregular  and 
very  distinct,  except  near  anal  angle,  where  the  black  shade  is  pow- 
dery. A  row  of  narrow  terminal  lunules.  ( >rbicular  small,  round,  pale 
ringed,  with  concolorous  center,  lleniform  nu)derate  in  size,  normal  in 
form,  with  an  indistinct  pale  outline  lilled  with  black  powderings. 
Claviform  wanting.  .Se(!ondaries  pure  white.  Beneath  white, primaries 
with  a  slight  reddish  sull'iision,  the  dark  reniforiu  re[)roduced;  second- 
aries immaculate.     Tarsi  annulate  with  black. 

Exi)ands  34"'"' ;  l..'W>  inches. 

Eaiutat.— Colorado. 

A  single  male  specimen  only  of  this  very  pretty  and  distinctly  marked 
species  is  before  me,  from  the  U.  S.  Museum  collection,  taken  by  Mr. 
Bruce.    1'  belongs  to  the  messoria  group  of  the  genus,  but  is  unique  in 


. 


• 


f 


e 
c 


KUM. 

►liicki.'sli  pre- 
msverse  line 
,^  Orbicular 
c  line.  Itetii- 
lefiiiin<;  line, 
;i.sli  at  outer 
crieatli  whit- 
idiscal  spot; 


in  U.  S.  Na- 

ine  of  front, 
is  in  type  of 
the  distinct 
distin<;ui.sh 


lish  yellow, 
il  line  jreini- 
elvish,  pow- 
it;  II  M-ked 
ids  a  l>Ia(!k 
narked  cos- 
rved  black 

is  defined 
il  course  is 
>f  the  wing 
e,  which  is 
d  the  t.  p. 
)utwardly, 
j;ular  and 
de  is  pow- 
ound,  i)ale 

normal  in 
nvderings. 

primaries 

;  second- 


ly marked 
an  by  Mr, 
unique  in 


KKVI.SION    OF    SI'KCII'.S    OF   THE    OKNIIS    AGHOTFa. 


221 


( 


every  respect.     The  ringed  tarsi  ally  it  to  anituIiinH,  with  which,  how- 
ever. It  has  litt  le  else  in  common. 

Carueades  xylinifoimis  sj).  nov. 

Ground  <'olor  of  head,  thorax  and  primaries  som«'what  bluish  ash- 
gray.  Collar  with  rdi.siinct  black  transverse  line.  Patagiu' deci<ledly 
blackish  gray.  I'rimaries  strongly  i)owdered  with  bluish  white  to  the 
median  shade,  beyond  which  it  is  distinctly  darker,  black  powderings 
replacing  the  white.  IJasal  line  geminate,  cnncolorous,  tlw  detining 
lines  narrow  and  black.  T.  a.  line  geminate,  concolorous,  the  detining 
lines  narrow  and  black,  quite  widely  sepaiated  on  cosia,  but  (piite  ap- 
proximate in  the  sul»me<lian  interspace;  very  irregular,  as  a  whole  out- 
wanlly  oblique,  angulate  on  subcostal,  oiitcurved  in  median  and  sub- 
median  spaces,  and  with  a  long  outward  curve  below  internal  vein.  A 
broad  black  median  shade  from  costa  over  orbicular,  outwartUy  obliipie 
to  the  nuMliau  vein,  there  obtusely  anguhite  and  almost  upright  to  the 
hind  angles  outwailly  the  shade  grades  olf  rather  easily  to  the  t.  p. 
line,  forming  a  little  the  darkest  i)art  of  the  wing.  T.  j).  line  crenulate, 
the  inner  lini'  only  defined,  hardly  distinct,  outcurved  over  reniforai, 
and  then  about  i)arallel  with  outer  margin.  A  darker,  .somewhat  tri- 
angular ante-aj)ical  costal  bio..;,  outwardly  defining  the  s.  t.  line,  which 
else  is  l)arely  traceable  as  a  very  narrow  sinuate  pale  line.  A  narrow 
crenulate  terminal  line  cutting  into  tlu^  fringes  on  the  veins  and  giving 
the  margin  a  scalloped  ai)itearance.  (Maviform  large,  (concolorous, 
neatly  black  margined.  Orbicular  large,  oval,  narrowly  black  ringed, 
then  with  a  wider  whitish  ring,  else  con(;olorous.  Iteniform  large, 
kiilnej'  shaped,  black  ringed,  slightly  paler  than  ground  color.  Sec- 
ondaries smoky  fuscous  with  darker  terminal  line  and  pale  fringes. 
Beneath  ash-gray,  powdery,  primaries  darker ;  both  with  an  outer  dusky 
line  and  discal  sjiot. 

Exi)ands -40' ;  l.Ol)  inches. 

IIauitat. — Las  W'gas,  New  Mexico. 

A  sinjrle  female  from  Mr.  Neumcegen,  collected  by  Mr.  Meesk»'in  1889. 
This  si»ecies  is  uni(pie  in  appearance  and  has  a  strong  liabital  resem- 
blance to  Litholoinia  n((p(v.  In  the  synofjtic  tai)le  it  falls  readily  into 
the  ?He.s-wrm  group  and  into  the  typical  series,  ivhile  really  reminding 
one  more  in  color  and  wing  form  oi'iiiroidrs  of  the  Ifssclhtttt  group.  The 
species  is  unique  wherever  i>laced,  and  is  readily  re(!ognizal)le. 

Carueades  coiijuiicta  sp.  iiov. 

Ground  color  an  even  ashy  fuscous.  Head  and  thorax  immaculate. 
Primaries  with  transverse  lines  geminate,  the  included  space  some- 
what paler  than  ground  color.  Basal  line  evident,  the  defining  lines 
equally  distinct  and  black,  even.  T.  a.  line  with  an  even  outcurve, 
somewhat  drawn  in  on  the  veins;  outer  line  broad,  distinct,  blackish ; 


222 


BULLETIN   o«,  UNITKD   STATKS    NATIONAL    MUSEUM. 


gltntm\\ 


ff 


1  »^    I'll 

I  ,<!»  ,»lili 


tf 


'i.'S 


I'll 


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i»«-.ail! 


inner  line  more  vague,  but  jet  distinct.  T.  p.  lineoutcurvetl  over  reni- 
form,  then  evenly  oblique  to  the  hind  margin  :  inner  line  black,  narrow, 
crenulate,  outer  line  .scarc«'ly  define*!,  even.  S.  t.  line  sinnate,  broad, 
rather  ditluse,  slightly  palor  than  the  ground  color,  outwardly  marked 
by  a  lew  black  scales.  A  row  of  terminal  lunules,  median  shade  vague, 
marked  by  a  costal  spot  ;ind  i>elow  the  cell  by  a  ditt'use  blackish  powder- 
ing parallel  with  the  t.  i>.  line.  Claviform  wanting.  Orbicular  mod- 
erate in  size,  round,  black  ringe<l,  evenly  paler  than  ground  color.  lien- 
iform  moderate  in  size,  kidney  .shapetl,  rather  incom[)letely  black  ringed, 
concolorous  or  slightly  paler.  Secondaries  white,  in  the  male  immaculate, 
in  the  female  with  veins  and  oukt  margin  slightly  soiled.  Beneath 
wliite,  i>rimaries  powdery,  with  an  outer  line  and  discal  s|)ot,  most  evi 
dent  in  the  female;  secondaries  in  the  male  immaculate,  in  the  female 
with  a  distinct  discal  spot. 

Expands  30""",  1.15  inches. 

Habitat — Las  Vegas,  New  Mexico. 

A  somewhat  rubbed  male,  anil  a  gomi  female  in  Mr.  JTenmd'gen's 
collection,  taken  by  Mr.  Meeske  in  1889.  Tliis  species  is  perhaps 
nearest  to  brunncipera,  but  <listinct  by  the  ashen  fuscous  color  and 
white  secondaries  of  both  sexes.  It  has  at  first  sight  some  resemblance 
to  |)ale  forms  of  mcNsoria,  but  lacks  the  claviibcni.  The  n.'-dian  shade 
is  vague,  and  this  is  one  of  the  forms  in  which  care  is  re([uired  in  placing 
in  its  i;;.oper  group. 

Carneades  perturbata  h\>.  no  v. 

Rather  pale  lutv'o-fnscous  in  ground  color  of  head,  thiuax  and  prima- 
ries. Head  and  thorax  with  black  scales  intermixed,  forming  a  rather 
indefinite  margin  to  piitagiie.  Primaries  wUh  basal  and  s.  t.  spaces 
])aler  tlian  median  and  terminal  spaces.  All  the  transverse  lines  gem- 
inate. IJasal  line  well  marked,  the  defining  lines  equally  distinct, 
black,  included  spaco  concolorous.  T.  a.  line  distinct,  inner  defin- 
ing line  scarcely  less  marked  than  the  outer,  which  is  black.  Its 
course  is  outwardly  oblique,  outwardly  curved  in  the  interspaces. 
T.  p.  line  outcurved  over  cell,  then  nearly  parallel  w:th  outer  margin : 
inner  line  distinct,  lunulate  rather  than  crenulate,  outer  line  even, 
darker  fuscous  than  ground  color.  S.  t.  line  defined  only  by  the  ditter- 
ence  in  shade  between  s.  t.  and  terminal  spaces,  and  marked  by  a  few 
irregularly  placed  black  points ;  irregular  in  course,  (piite  strongly  in- 
dented oil  veins  3  and  1,  without  however  resembling  in  other  ways 
the  quadridentatii  series.  A  series  of  black  somewhat  lunate  terminal 
spots.  Fringes  witli  a  pale  line  at  bii.se.  Median  shade  line  rather  in- 
distinct, upright,  touching  inner  margin  of  reniform  and  reaching  the 
hind  margin  at  the  same  point  with  i.  p.  line.  Claviform  concolorous, 
distinctly  outlined  in  bliU'k.  Orbicular  rather  small,  somewhat  irregu- 
lar, black  ringe<l ;  somewhat  paler  tlian  ground  color,  slightly  darker 
centrally.     Reniform  well  sized,  somewhat  constricted  centrally,  black 


!EUM. 


REVISION    OF    SPECIES    OF   THE   GENUS   AGROTIS.  223 


ved  over  reiii- 
►lack,  narrow, 
miale,  broad, 
iirdly  marked 
shade  vagiio, 
ikiah  powder- 
bicidar  mod- 
d  color.  Keii- 
black  ringed, 
5  immaculate, 
3d.  Beneath 
•ot,  most  evi 
n  the  femah' 


ringed,  oidy  sli<ihlly  paler  that*  ground  color,  somewhat  darker  at  ex- 
tre:nities.  Secondaries  of  male  white.  Beneath,  primaries  pale  fuscous 
gray,  outwardly  powdery,  with  a  dusky  shade  line  and  taint  discal  spot ; 
secondaries  immaculate. 

Exi)ands  oi ',  1.35  inches. 

riAT)  IT  AT— Colorado. 

A  single  male  specimen,  collected  by  Mr.  Bruce  is  in  the  collection 
U.  S.  National  Museun?.  This  is  an  evident  ally  of  messoria,  which  it 
resembles  closely  in  ail  the  maculation  of  primaries,  but  from  which 
it  differs  obviously  by  the  pure  white  secondaries.  It  is  also  smaller 
than  the  average  mesaoria,  and  the  body,  compared  with  the  wings, 
is  more  robust  in  appearance. 


jjfeumn^gen's 
is  perhai)s 
IS  color  and 
resemblance 
I'dian  shade 
id  in  placing 


and  prima- 
iiig  a  rather 
s.  t.  spaces 
i^  lines  gem 
ily  distinct, 
niier  detin- 

black.  Its 
nterspaces. 
er  margin : 

line  even, 
■  the  differ- 
1  by  a  few 
strongly  in- 
other  ways 
e  terminal 
3  rather  in- 
iching  the 
)ncolorous, 
hat  irregu- 
itly  darker 
ally,  black 


.tfl. 


Jim 


f 


LIST  OF  GENERA  AND  SPECIES. 


Species  followed  by  an  asterisk  are  represented  in  the  collection  of  the  U.   S. 
National  Museum. 


r 


Genus  Rhynchagrotis  Smith. 

R.  chardinyi  Bdv.* 
gilvij)ennia  Grt. 

R.  rnfipectns  Morr.* 
R.  brunneicollis  Grt.* 
R.  niinimalis  Grt.* 
R.  cnpida  Grt.* 

velata  Wlk. 

brunneipenni/i  Grt. 
R.  placida  Grt.* 
R.  variata  Grt.* 

varix  Grt. 
R.  alternata  Grt.* 
R.  belfragei  Smith.* 
R.  ciipidissima  Grt.* 

orbis  Grt. 

latula  Grt. 
R.  bimarafinalis  Grt. 
R.  v-i'aAorsGrt. 
R.  ■;>*le;i:iU>N  Smith. 
R   ;  liral'ilis  Grt. 

r?.  t  i  •  •(  stigma  Morr. 
11.  i(  I,  rlia  i.^rt.* 

var.    I'     iiiris  Grt.* 
R.  emarginata  Grt. 
R.  carissima  Harv. 
R.  binomiiialis  Smith." 

€XC<'rii»tignm  tGvt. 
R.  observabilis  Grt.* 
R.  f.icala  Grt.* 
R.  distracta  Smith.* 
R,  discoidalis  Grt. 
li,  iifeudlata  Smith.* 
;,"   V  nifnsu.  Smith.* 

.xsertUtigma  \  Grt. 
R.  costata  Grt. 

Genus  AnKLPiiAGROTis  Smith. 

A.  stellaris  Grt. 
A.  innotabilis  Grt. 
waahingtonuniic  Grt. 

23645— Bull.  38 15 


s. 


prasina  Fabr.* 
herhida  Hbu. 
apposita  Grt.* 
vornilis  Grt. 
iulimutis  Grt. 

Genus  Platagrotis  Smith. 

speciosa  Hbu.* 
perquirila  Morr. 
baileyaiia  Grt. 
mixta  Wlk. 
var.  arctict't  Zett. 
pressa  Grt.' 
trabalis  Grt.* 
siucera  H.  Scli. 
imperila  Hbn.* 
comparata  Moeschl. 
aaxujena  Morr. 

Genus  Eueuetagkotis  Smith. 

sigmoidos  Gu.* 
perattenta  Grt.* 
attenta  Grt.* 

Genus  Ahagkotis  Smith. 

erratica  Smith.* 

Genus  Skmiophoka  Steph. 

elimata  On.* 
badicollis  Grt. 
dUunida  Morr. 
jaiinaliB  Grt. 
catherina  Grt.* 
manifvstolabfx  Morr. 

Gi'uns  PACiisoniA  Gn. 

monochroniatea  Morr. 
manifesta  Morr. 
ferruginoides  Smith.* 
salicarum  Wlk.* 
orillinna  Grt. 
vlariformiH  Morr. 
okakensls  Pack, 
carnoa  Thunb.* 
ab.  cinerea  Stgr. 


m 


'•Hi 


t 


226 


BILLETIN    38,  UNITED    STATES    NATIONAL   MUSEUM. 


rf^g 


Mi 


I** 

1*1 


Ill, 


IW     II 


P.  woeke:  Moeecbl.* 
aerofmlama  Morr. 

G<'nas  Setagrotis  Smith. 

8.  pLKgifrons  Smith. 
B.  roDsroa  Smith. 

Genus  Agrotis  Tr. 
A.  badinode«  Grt.* 
A.  violari*  G.  &.  R. 
A.  aorokrtita  .Smith.* 
A.  YffoXou  Bott.* 

««/«M  S.  V.  , 

ttiiftrm  Harr. 

i4«>»M  Cram. 
A.  ecfiicnlata  G.  &  T!.* 
A.  ibsenicalata  Smi  .  . 
A.  qcarta  Grt. 
A.  hoUii  Grt. 

hiUtrit  IJ  Grt. 

G«niu  Feridroma  Hbn. 

P.  orcnlta  Linn.* 
P.  pnr-fixa  Morr. 
P.  aistrieta  Morr.* 
P.  ^randipenoiti  Grt. 
P.  iaacia  Hbn.* 

ta<T'aii*  Harr. 

(urUfmii  Pack. 

var.  margaritofia  Haw. 
P.  ToAtwt  Harv.* 
P.  peIlBcidaU«  Grt." 

P.  lariTw  Go. 

«/«*«a4rGrt. 

f  imftcta  Ochs. 
P.  t«-tiii«iM»-a<>  Smith. 
P.  simpiaria  Morr.* 
P.  digna  Morr.* 

mifr«tUt<ata  Grt. 


X. 

K. 


K. 
X. 

X. 
X. 
X. 
X. 
X. 


GenuB  N'x-TiA  Linn. 


baja  Fab.* 
Bctaiaiiiana  Grt.* 
truimfmimm  t  Auct. 
•Urn—  Spev. 
caarialiit  Grt. 
bi<-am«4  Go.* 
plfUtm  Wlk, 
treatii  Grt.* 
cooehifGrt. 
r.-Digmm  Linn.* 
haipitali«  Grt. 
p^^rrrMiJlua  Grt.* 
<♦■,*«« :  A  Oct. 
tjmtmmd*  Wlk- 


N.  eriensis  Grt. 

N.  phyllophora  Grt.* 

dakUi';  Beth. 
N.  rubifera  Grt.* 

rvhi  {  Grt. 

da* /lit  Gn. 
N.  oblata  Morr.* 

killiana  Harv. 
N.  roaaria  Grt.* 
N.  rava  H.  Sch.* 

Htnhrala  Pack. 
N.  fennica  Taosch.* 
N.  plecta  Linn.* 

ricaria  Wlk. 
N.  coUarisG.  i  R.* 

i 

N.  harnspica  Grt.* 

unimutCMla  Morr. 

grandu  Spey. 
N.  sierrjp  Harv. 
N.  dementi  Smith.* 
N.  clandestina  Harr." 

unii'olor  Wlk. 
N.  havilie  Grt.* 
N.  piitcipellis  Grt, 
N.  atrifrons  Grt. 
N.  ttpperi  Smith. 
N.  lubricant  Gn.* 

var.  beata  Grt.* 
X.  vocali8  Grt. 

inrenunta  Grt. 
N.  opacifrons  Grt.* 
N.  pailitlicoUis  Grt. 

ciHereorolli*  i  Grt. 

Genns  Chorizagrotis  Smith. 

C.  anxiliaris  Grt.* 
C.  introferens  Grt.* 
C.  Borror  Smith.* 
C.  agrestis  Grt.* 

merceHaria  Grt. 

flexUi*  Morr. 
C.  iuconcinna  Harv.* 
C.  imniixta  Grt.* 
C.  terrealis  Grt. 

Genii.«  RuiZAGROTis  Smith. 

R.  abnom.is  Smith. 

R.  proclivis  Morr. 
R.  acclivis  Morr. 

opara  Harv. 
R.  albicosta  Smith.* 


, 


r-\ 


:uM. 


REVISION    OF    SPECIES    OF    THE   GENUS    AGROTIS. 


227 


. 


?  Smith. 


Smith. 


f) 


R.  apicalis  Grt. 

R.  lagena  Grt." 
R,  albalis  Grt.» 
eloanihoides  Grt. 

Genua  Feltia  Wlk. 

F.  olivia  Morr. 

F.  longidena  Smith. 

F.  subgothica  Stepli.* 

jacuU/era  Gn.  in  part. 

ducena  Wlk. 
F.  jaciilifera  Gn.* 

tiicoia  Lint. 
F.  hereiisGrt.* 

jaculifera  var.  Gn. 
F.  pectinicorniB  Smith.* 
F.  evauidalis  Grt. 

F.  circumdata  Grt. 
F.  gladiaria  Morr.* 

morrisoniana  Riley, 
F.  venerabilis  Wlk." 

incaUida  Wlk. 
F.  gravis  Grt. 

vapularis  Grt. 
F.  vancouverensis  Grt." 

clodiana  Grt. 

semiclarata  Grt. 

hortulana  Morr. 
F.  feneipeuuis  Grt.* 
F.  volubilis  Grt.» 

atigmosa  Morr. 
F.  anuexa  Tr.* 
F.  malefida  Gn." 

Genus  Porosaguotib  Smith. 

P.  mnr.Tnula  G,  &  R." 

vetusta  Wlk. 
P.  catenula  Grt.* 
P.  obesula  Smith.* 
P.  satieuB  Smith. 
P.  miniallonis  Grt.* 

rufipenniH  Grt. 
P.  fusca  Bdv. 

aeplentrionalis  Moeschl. 
P.  worthingtoni  Grt. 
P.  rileyaua  Morr.* 
P.  orthogonia  Morr.* 
P.  dwdahis  Smith.* 
P.  dollii  Grt. 
P.  niilleri  Grt.* 
P  pluroliiGrt. 


Genua  Cauxeades  Grt. 


C 

c. 

c. 
c. 
c. 
c. 
c. 
c. 
c. 
c. 
c. 
c. 
c. 
c. 
c. 
c. 

c. 
c. 
c. 
c. 
c. 
c. 
c. 
c. 
c. 
c. 
c. 
c. 
c. 
c. 
c. 
c. 
c. 
c. 
c. 
c. 
c. 
c. 
c. 
c. 
c. 

c. 
c. 
c. 

c. 

c. 
c. 


wilHonii  Grt.* 
specialis  Grt. 
lacunoaa  Morr.^ 
ii'qualia  Harv. 


« 


* 


recnla  Harv.' 
cicatricoaa  G.  &  R.* 
ueomexicana  Smith, 
quadridentata  G.  &  R.* 
niveilinea  Grt,* 
insertana  Smith, 
brevipennia  Smith.* 
oblongiatigma  Smith.* 
plagigera  Morr.* 
oli valla  Morr.* 
ridingsiana  Grt.* 
flavideuH  Smith.* 
flavicollia  Smith.* 
perexcelleuH  Grt.* 
docilis  Grt. 

bicollaria  Grt.* 
brocha  Morr.* 
aponaa  Smith.* 
cogitana  Smith. *» 
hollemani  Grt.* 
atriatrigata  Smith, 
biclavia  Grt.* 
perpolita  Morr." 
fumalis  Grt.* 
perfuaca  Grt. 
paatoralis  Grt." 
finia  Smith.* 
velleripennia  Grt.* 
atomaria  Smith.* 
texana  Grt.* 
gagatea  Grt." 
citrieolor  Grt." 
miaturuta  Morr." 
nirprena  Grt. 
dolia  Grt. 
acandena  Riley.* 
choria  Harv. 
pleuritica  Grt.* 
remota  Smith, 
pitychrons  Grt,* 
personata  Morr, 
infracta  Morr. 
hiteola  Smith,'* 
aerricornia  Smith,* 
tetrica  Smith.* 

bostonienaia  Grt,* 
cnnis  Qrti* 


{ 


fff.:: 

(J 


.1  I 
3t. 


f*      «| 


228 


BULLETIN   38,  UNITED   STATES    NATIONAL    MUSEUM, 


mu8C0»a  Grt. 
C.  luedialis  Smith.* 
C.  fenesicallarv.* 
C.  extranea  Smith. 
C.  trifasciata  Smith. 
C.  bifasciata  Smith. * 
C.  comosa  Morr. 
C.  xylitiiformis  Gmith. 
C.  messoria  ILarr.* 
cochrani  Riloy. 
repenfia  G.  &  R. 
lycarum  t  G.  &.  R. 
apism  Gn. 
balanitia  Grt. 
confracta  Morr. 
C.  perturbata  Smith.* 
C  rubefactalis  Grt. 
C.  fauna  Morr. 
C  briinneigora  Morr,* 
C.  conjuucta  Smith. 
C.  incallida  Smith. 
C.  Iiituleuta  Smith." 
C.  aunulipcs  Smith.* 
C.  pedalia  Smith.* 
C.  liueifroDS  Smith.* 
C.  teleboa  Smith. 
C.  murdocki  Smith.* 
C.  quiuqueliuea  Smith. 
C.  friabilisGrt.* 
C.  fiiscigera  Grt.* 
C.  orbiciilariH  Smith. 
C.  micronyx  Grt. 
C.  intrita  Morr.* 


4 


C.  feruahli  Morr. 
C.  opipara  Morr.' 

islandica  X  Grt. 
C.  tristicula  Morr. 
C.  muDis  Grt." 

aublatia  Grt. 
C.  dissoua  MocHuhl. 
C.  euroides  Grt. 

perpura  Morr. 
C.  alticola  Smith." 
C.  rnfuhv  Smith.*. 
C.  basitlava  Smith.' 
C.  satis  Harv. 
C.  roua  Smith.* 
C.  insigiiata  Wlk.* 

illata  Wlk. 

dfolarata  Wlk, 

campestria  Grt. 


decolor  Morr. 

var.  verticalis  Grt.* 
C.  hiwi.sii  Grt. 
C.  tessellata  Harr.* 

maizi  Fitch. 

atropurpurea  Grt. 
C.  albipeunit)  Grt.* 

5  nigripennia  Grt. 
C.  spectauda  Smith. 
C.  palliponnis  Smith." 
C.  basalis  Grt.* 
C.  Holitaria  Smith. 
C.  nostra  Smith.* 
C.  ochrogaster  Gn.* 

cinercomaculata  Morr. 

gularis  Grt. 

turris  Grt. 
C.  idahocusis  Grt.* 
C.  furtivus  Smith.* 
C.  westermanni  Stgr. 
C.  obeliscoides  Gu.* 

aexatilia  Morr. 
C.  jnfelix  Smith.* 
C.  islandica  Stgr. 
C.  divergons  Wlk.* 

veraipelUa  Grt. 
C.  colata  Grt. 
C.  redimicnla  Morr.* 
C.  atrifera  Grt. 
C.  tessclloides  Grt." 
C.  strigilis  Grt. 
C.  silens  Grt. 

8PKCIES  NOT  PLACED. 

Agrotis  dapsilis  Grt. 
lishiiGrt.* 
juncta  Grt. 
viralis  Grt. 
nanalis  Grt. 
drewMcni  Stgr. 
littoralis  Pack, 
hero  Morr. 
tenuicola  Morr. 
radix  Wlk. 
mollis  Wlk. 
perlcntans  Wlk. 
patula  Wlk. 
hiesitans  Wlk. 
insula  Wlk. 
ordinata  Wlk. 
reticens  Wlk. 
illapea  Wlk. 


o: 


I. 
a 
h 
c. 

o. 
i. 
h 
d 

r. 
a 
s 


[JM. 


(*  s 


EXPLANATION  OF  PLATES. 

The  figures  are  numbered  consecutively,  but  not  regularly  arranged 
on  the  following  plates. 

Plate  I. 

An  idoal  species  in  \vhich  all  the  oidinary  Noctuid  maculation  is  present.    Tbelct- 
iring  is  as  follows  : 
6.— basal  line  or  h.alf  line— hero  it  is  jfeminate. 
I.  a.—t.  a.,  or  transverse  anterior  line— also  f^eminate. 
t.p.—t.  p.,  or  transverse  posterior  line— also  yeniinate,  onter  line  eiupbasized  on  the 

veins,  line  sinnato. 
8.  t.—a.  t.,  or  snbterminal  line— line  sinuate,  preceded  by  a  dusky  shade. 
*. — terminal  line,  dots  or  lunules. 
m. — median  shade  or  line. 

The  basal  spaee  is  bc^tween  the  body  and  the  t.  a.  line  ;  median  space  between  the 
t.  a.  and  t.  p.  lines ;  s.  t.  space  between  the  t.  p.  and  s.  t.  lines ;  terminal  space 
between  the  s.  t.  line  and  outer  margin. 
cl. — claviform  spot, 
or.— orbicular  spot. 
ren. — reniibrm  spot. 

The  reniforni  and  orbicular  are  the  "  ordinary  spots  "  or  the  "  stiRmata  "  of  some 
authors. 

b.  d. — basal  dash. 

a.  p.— apex  of  primaries— with  a  pale  apical  spot. 
h.  a.— hind  an<;le  of  primaries. 

c.  in. — costal  mar^jfin. 

o.  m.— outer  margin  of  primaries  ;  o.  w).>,  same  of  secondaries, 
i.  w.— inner  margin  of  primaries  ;  i.  w.'.same  of  secondaries. 
A.  «.— hind  angle  of  primaries. 

d.  «.- discal  spot  on  secondaries, 
r.  /.—exterior  lino  on  secondaries. 
apex—a,]wx  of  secondaries. 

*.  w.— submediau,  or  internal  vein, 
aw.— anal  angle  of  secondaries. 
The  fringes  are  omitted  in  the  figure. 

Platk,  II. 

1     Harpe  and  clasi)er  of  li.  charditii/i. 

'-        "  "  li- bruiineicoUiH  mid  niji2)ectu». 

3  "  '<  ILcupida. 

3a  Head  of  /.'.  ciipida,  showing  the  palpal  form  usual  in  the  genus. 

4  Harpe  and  clasper,  ess.Mitially  alike  iu  aipidmima  vitafrom,  mriuta,  placida. 
o    llar;)e  and  clasper  of  Ji.  alternata. 

Ci        "  "  li.  belfragei. 

6«      "  "  R.  formalia. 

'         "  '*  li.  hinomiiialk. 

«        "  "  li.  dMracta. 

229 


ki  j 

isif 

» 

wj 
iu[ 

1 

8 


4 


<( 
<( 
(< 


<< 
II 


230  BULLETIN   38,    UNITED   STATES   NATIONAL   MUSEUM. 

Harpe  aud  clasper  of  li.  crenulata  and  confuaa. 
"  "  J.2»'tiHina. 

A.  vernilia, 
P.  ti2)ecio8a. 

P.  preaaa  aud  P.  fuaca, 
P.  imperiia. 
E.  sigmoidea. 
E.j)erattenta. 
A.  erratica. 
S.  elimata. 
S.  catherina. 
P.  aalicarum. 
P.  carnea. 


9 
10 
11 
12 
13 
14 
15 
IG 
17 
18 
It) 
SO 
21 


II 
II 
(( 
(I 


(ji»aiii 

t  •■'»««  I, 


Platk  III, 

22  Harpe  aud  clasper  of  P.  wockei. 

23  "  "  5.  congrua. 

24  Agrotis  hadinodea,  harpe  and  clasper;  a,  body  structure  from  above;  6, 

venation  ;  c,  auteuua  of  male ;  d,  fore  tibia. 

25  Agrotia  t/j)8iIon,  harpe  and  clasper;  a,  body  structure  from  above;  6,  same 
from  side;  c,  antenna  of  <?  ;  d,  fore  tibia  of  <J  ;  e,  fore  tibia  of  $. 


2G 

Wanting. 

27 

Harpe 

aud 

clasper  of  A.  getiicnlata. 

28 

11 

II 

P.  occulta. 

29 

i( 

II 

P.  saucia. 

30 

ii 

II 

J',  riidena  and  pellucidalia. 

31 

II 

II 

group  mcivia,  and  of  N.  lubricana. 

36 

11 

II 

X.  phyllophora. 
Plate  IV. 

32 

Harpe 

aud 

clasper 

of  N.  haja. 

33 

(i 

>i 

N.  normaniana. 

34 

II 

II 

N.  hicarnea. 

35 

II 

II 

N.  c-iiignim. 

35tt 

Palpus  of 

X.  cnig 

rum. 

37 

Harpe 

and 

clasper 

of  y.  rubifera. 

38 

II 

II 

N.  ohlata. 

39 

II 

<i 

N.  rava. 

40 

II 

II 

N.  fennica. 

41 

II 

II 

N.  plecta. 

43 

II 

II 

N.  clandestina,  aierrw  aud  haruapica 

43 

11 

<i 

X.  collaria. 

44 

II 

II 

X.  atrifrona. 

45 

II 

11 

C.  auxiliaria. 

46 

II 

II 

C.  introfcrtva. 

47 

II 

<i 

C.  agreatia. 

48 

11 

t( 

C.  inconcinna. 

49 

« 

II 

C.  terrealia. 

50 

II 

II 

It.  proclivia. 

61 

11 

II 

R,  acclivia. 

53 

C( 

II 

R.  albicoata. 

53 

II 

<i 

R.  apicalia. 

64 

II 

<i 

R.  lagena. 

55 

•1 

(1 

R.  albalia. 

UM. 


REVISION   OF   SPECIES   OP   THE   GENUS  AGROTIS. 


231 


om  above;  b, 

bove;  b,  sarao 
tibia  of  $. 


61 
62 

63 
64 


56  Feltia  aubgothica :  a,  harpu  and  clasper — that  of  jaoulifera,  herelis,  annexa, 

autl  mah'fida  is  the;  Hatue;  b,  structure  of  body  from  side;  c,  anterior 
tibia ;  d,  palpus ;  e,  uuteunal  joint  from  top ;  /,  aatonnal  joint,  crosa- 
section,  <?. 

57  Feltia  jaculifera:   e,  antennal  joint  from  top;  /,   antonuul  joint,  crosa- 

aectiou,  <?. 

58  Feltia  herclia :  e,  antennal  joint  from  above ;  /,  cross-section  of  antennal 

joint,  ^ . 

59  Feltia pectinata :  e,  antennal  joint  from  above;  /,  cross-section  of  antennal 

joint,  i. 

Plate  V. 

60  Feltia  gladiaria  :  a,  harpe  and  clusper — venerabilia,  rancouverenaia,  and  gravia 

are  the  same;  b,  antenna  of  ^;  venerabitis  is  the  sauiu;  c,  anterior 

tibia;  d,  front  of  bead. 
Feltia  volubilia:  a,  harpe  and  clasper;  d,  front  of  head. 
Harpe  and  clasper  of  Porosagrotia :  All  the  species  are  essentially  alike  iu 

this,  so  far  as  examined. 
Harpe  and  clasper  of  Carneadea  ^rilaotdi. 
"  "  Carneadea  inaignata;  with  this  agree  albipennia,  tea- 

aelloides,  infelix,  intrita,  triaticula,  redimicula,  micronyx,  abnormia,  verai- 

pellia,  atrifera,  meaaoria,  brunneigera. 

65  Harpe  and  clasper  of  C.  niveilineu,  flatidena,  rena,  coyitana. 

66  "  ."  C.  pitychroua,  teller ipennia,  inaertana. 

67  "  "  C.  cwnia. 

68  Harpe  and  clasper  of  C.  bifaacialua,  gagatea,  choria,  aatis,  oblongiatigma,  tur- 

ria,/uacigera,  recula,  cicatricoaa,  aerrkornia,  teaaellata,fortunaUa,  lacunoaa, 
Harpe  and  clasper  of  C,  paatoralis, 
C.  bicollaria. 
C.  boatonienaia. 
C.  perpolita. 
C,  acandena. 
C.  brocha. 

C.  pallipennia,  miaturata,  aublatia. 
V,  obeliacoidea. 
C.  citricolor,  baaalia. 
C.  comoaa,  plagigera,  infracta. 
C.  feneaica. 
C.  ruhefaotalia. 
C.  hollemanni. 
C.  fumalia,  tetrica, 
C.finia,  medialia. 


70 

(1 

71 

II 

72 

14 

73 

11 

74 

II 

75 

41 

76 

<l 

77 

II 

78 

II 

79 

If 

80 

II 

81 

II 

82 

II 

83 

II 

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Generic  natnea  begiu  with  capitals,  Hpec 
italics  in  all  casea. 

Pago. 

Abagrotia 9, 49 

abuorniia 10,104 

group  104 

acclivia 10,105,10(5 

group,  characters 104 

syuopsis  of  species..       105 

Acknowledgments 7 

Acronyrta 44 

Adelphagrotis 9, 38 

synopsis  of  species..        39 

SBneipennis 115,121 

oiqualis I;i5 

agrestis 99,101 

Agrotia  auct.,  described 5 

limited , 9,61 

synopsis  of  species 61 

alabamii; 72 

alask.-e,  not  an  agrotid 54,313 

.'.Ibalia 108 

albicosta 105,  lo7 

albipennia 180, 193 

alternjtta 16,20,23 

alticola 179,185 

Amathea 19,78,81 

ambrosioides 64 

Ammaconia 51 

Anicla 72 

aunexa 109,114,115,122 

annulipea 164,174 

apicalis 105, 107 

Aplecia 41,44,63 

appoaita 39,41 

arcticavar.  ppociosa 44 

aatricta 66, 69 

atomaria I4(j,  154 

atrifera 181,203 

atrifrons 90,1)5 

atristriga 145,150 

utropurpurea 192 


ies  with  lower-case  letters.     Synot/yms  in 

Page. 

attenta 47,49 

augur 92 

auriilenta  n.  8p 215 

auxiliaris 10, 99, 100 

badicoUis 51 

badiuodis 61,62 

baileyana .         44 

baja 75,78 

baldtiifis 169,170 

basalis tf'0, 194 

basidava 179,187 

beata  rar.  Inliricans 90,96 

belfragei  n.  sp 20 

bicarnea 75,81 

biclavis 145, 151 

bicollaris 144, 148 

blfasciata 163,168 

biuiarginalis 16,26 

binonunalia 29,34 

bochua 148 

boUii 65 

bostoniensis 162,165 

brevipennia 136, 140 

brocha 144,148 

brnuneicollis 15, 18 

bnmueigora 164, 172 

briinueipennis  rar.  ciipida 19,21 

Cionis , 163,166 

can.'pestria 179, 190 

caii.s.Hinia 29,33 

ciJ"  c'a 54,57 

.irneades 11,131,132 

catenula 123,125 

nutheriua 9,50,52 

Cirnatis „.   19,23 

chardiny  i 9, 14 

group  characters 13 

Cheraotis 89 

choris 146, 158 

Chorizagrotis 10,98 

233 


I;, 
III 
•  1, 


234 


INDEX. 


rr" 

fJBt:» 


ff"»»l|| 

I  MR  m  II! 
I  US'  aim 

Ikl  HJ|!i 

It*   »Wlll 


Page. 
Chorizagrotis,  synopHia  of  species. .        99 

cicatricoHa 136, 138 

cinerea  t)(ir.  carnea 54,58 

citiercocolIiH 98 

cinereomaculata 196 

circniiulata 115,116 

citricolor 11, 146,155 

clandestina 10,90,94 

group 74,90 

synopsis  of  spe- 
cies          91 

clariformi8 54,56 

Clemens 91,93 

chanthoides 10,108 

group 107,108 

clodiana 118,120 

c-nigruni 76,82 

cochrani 169 

cogitans 145,149 

collaris 77,89 

colattt 201 

comosa 163,168 

couchis 82 

conjlua 84 

coufusa 30,37 

congrua 59,60 

conjuucta  w.  8/> 221 

costata 30,38 

crenulata 30,37 

cupida 16,19 

group 15 

synopsis  of  species...        17 

cupidissima 16, 23, 24 

dii'daluB  n.  »p 217 

dahlii 85 

dapsilis 204 

declariita 179,190 

decolor 179,190 

Diarsia 57 

differena 64 

digua 72,73 

dilucida 51,52 

discoidalis 29,30,36 

tlissoua 87.178,184 

distracta  n.  sp 30, 36 

divergons 181,201 

docllia 143 

«loli8 146,157 

doUii 124,129 

drewseni 206 

ducens 124 

elimata 50,51 

emarginata 29,33 

erieosia 54 


Page. 

erratica 9,49,50 

esurialis.... 80 

Eucoptocneniis 132 

Euerctagrotis 9, 47 

euroides 179,185 

Euroia 39,41,44,45,68,69 

evanidalis 114 

Exarnia 63 

excellena 143 

exiiertistiguia 29,30 

group 28 

synopsis  of 

species 30 

extranea 163, 167 

facula 29,30.35 

fauna 163,171 

Feltia 10,109 

feniseca 163,167 

fennica 77,88 

fernaldi 178,182 

ferruginoides  n.  ap 54, 56 

flnis 145,153 

fishii 207 

flavicoUis 143 

flavideus 135,137,142 

flexilia 101 

fommlis 29,31 

friabilis 1«)4.176 

fumalis 145, 151 

furtivus 180,197 

fusca 124,127 

fuscigera 164,176 

gagates 146,155 

geniculata 61,64 

Generic  synopsis 12 

Geographical       distribution      of 

species 11 

gilvipennia 14 

gladiaria 115,117 

grandipennis 67,69 

grandia 92 

Graphij)hora 19,48,51,78,79, 

81,82,85,92,96 

gravis 115,118 

gularia 196 

biesitans 209 

Hapalia 72 

haruspica 91,92 

havilui 90,95 

herelis 110,113 

liero 205 

hilaria 56 

hilUana 76, 86 

hollemaui 145,150 


INDEX. 


235 


Page. 

y,  49,50 

80 

132 

9,47 

179,185 

',  41,  44, 45,  «Jd,  69 

114 

63 

143 

29,30 

28 

pais  of 

cies 30 

163,167 

29,30,35 

163,171 

10,109 

163,167 

77,88 

178,182 

54,56 

145,153 

207 

143 

-.135,137,142 

101 

29,31 

164,176 

145,151 

180,197 

124,127 

164,176 

146,155 

61,64 

12 

i      of 

11 

14 

115,117 

67,69 

92 

48,51,78,79, 
-«2, 85, 92, 96 

115,118 

196 

209 

72 

91,92 

90,95 

.-..110,113 

205 

56 

76,86 

■  ...145,150 


•r 


Page. 

hortulana H^,  H^ 

hospitalis 76,83 

Uydrwcia 56 

idahoensis 180, 197 

idoma 63 

illapsa 211 

immixta 102 

impacta 64 

iDiperita 43,47 

lucallida 164, 172 

incallida 117 

incivis 10,71,72 

group 71 

syuopsis  of  species. ..        72 

inconcinna 99, 102 

inelegans 16,27 

inermii 70 

iufecta 72 

infelix 72,145,180.199 

infimatis 39,42 

infracta 146,160 

ingeniculata  w.  sp 216 

iDDotabilis 38, 40 

iuaertans 136,139 

iusignata 179,190 

insula 208 

insularis 29,31,32 

intecla 64 

intrita 174,177 

introfereus 99,100 

intrusa 192 

invenusta 97 

ialandica 180,200 

islandica 183 

jacuiiftra 110,112 

janualis 51, 52 

juucta 207 

lahradorenais 183 

lacunosa i 133, 134 

latula 16,24,25 

lageua 108 

lowisi 191 

lineifroiis  Ji.  ap 21') 

littoralis 205 

longidens  n.  s}) 217 

lubricaus 90,91,96 

luteola 14(i,  160 

lutulenta 164, 173 

lycarum 169 

maizi 192 

uialelida 109,114,115,122 

Mamestra 94 

manifesta 54, 55 

margaritosa  var.  saucia 70 


Page. 

Matuta 52 

iiiedialis 163, 1()6 

Megaaema 82 

mercenaria 101 

messoria 103,169 

group 11, 132-162 

synopsis  of  species.      164 

micronyx 104, 177 

millori ,. 124,  I'M 

mimallunis 124, 127 

luinimalis 16,19 

mirabilis 16,28 

niisturata 146,156 

mixta 44 

raeerens ...11, 146, 156 

mollis 210 

monocbroniatea 54, 55 

morriaoniana 115, 117 

munis 178,184 

muruinula 11, 123, 125 

mardocki 164,174 

muacoaa 163, 166 

Mythimna 125 

nanalis  206 

neomexicana  n.  ap 2!8 

nigricana 192 

nigripennis 193 

nigrovittata 73 

niveilinea 135,136,139 

niveivenosa,  is  an  IJudena 213 

Noctua 10,74 

normaniana 10,75,79 

group 74 

syiicpois  of  spe. 

cies 7? 

nostra 180,195 

obeliaca 199 

obeliscoides 180,199 

obesula 123,126 

oblata 76,86 

oblougistigma 137, 140 

observabilis  29, 34 

obtuaa , 79 

occulta 66,68 

ochrogaster 180, 196 

Ochropleitra 89, 190 

Ogygia 47 

okakensis 53, 54, 57 

olivalls 135,137,141 

Olivia 110,111 

opaca 106 

opacifrons 90,91,97 

opipara 178, 183 

orbicularis 164,176 


I  ( 


236 


INDEX. 


C9> 

;P 

rr" 
rm 

•HI, 

liKiaii 

r  V  am 

t  «  Jill 


l»< 


Villi 


iBt^aiiii 


rago- 

orfiis 16, -24, -25 

onliiiatii 'ill 

orilliaiia 54,  5<> 

ortlioijoiiiii 124, 1'ii) 

Oititiiii 70 

I'jiclmohia O.SH 

Ny iiopNia  of  .specit^s r>r) 

jmll  idicollis DO,  1)1 ,  98 

l)allii>i'iiiii.s IHO,  lit4 

I)iiH(<>riilis 145, 152 

patiila 201» 

j)i'ctiiiieoiiiis  ii.  ap 110, 114 

ptMlalis  II.  xp 220 

]iclliu:i<la]iH 07,71 

lierattoTitii- 47, 48 

pereoiiiliia 7r),  84 

jjenixcellens 137, 14:?,  145 

IVridroiiia 10,  (i;{,  (i() 

H.vuop.sis  of  {jroiips fit) 

perfiisca 145, 152 

pcrloDtaim 210 

perm  inida 151 

peri><)lita 145, 151 

pcrpiira 1H5 

perqiiirita 44 

pernoiiata 159 

pertnrhata  n.sp 222 

pliylloi)li(>ra Tfi,  85 

piHcipelliH 90,95 

pitycLious 14(i,  159 

group ll,i:{2, 144 

Hyiiop.si.sofspt'cios      147 

placida 1(5,21 

plai/iata 81 

plajii-rera i:!5,  IHO,  141 

planali.s,  uot  an  agrotid 211? 

planifroiiH 9,59 

Platagrotia 9,4:5 

syiiopsiH  of  wpi'cis 44 

pl'icta 77,89 

ritoneciopoda 191 

pleuritica 134, 170 

pluralis 124,131 

Volia 44 

Porosagrotis 11, 123 

synopsis  of  species . . .      124 

porpliyrea 213 

prncox. 72 

prarfixa fifi,  G8 

prasiua 39,41 

prcHsa 43, 45 

procli  vis 105 

pyrophiloides 213 

quadrideutata 13ti,  139 


Pago. 

i|iiadrideutata  group 11,132, 135 

(jiiadrideiitata   group,  synopsis  of 

Hpceii's 1,17 

(juarta (J5 

(luiiKjuelinea 104, 175 

radix *  oio 

iiiva 77,87 

rnva 184 

nt  vidrt <J4 

ncula 130,138 

rediniieula 181,202 

roniota , 140, 158 

reiia 179,189 

repenlia 109 

reti(:<'ns 212 

I\'IiizagroH.s 10, 103 

KliyncliaKrotis 8,13 

ridingsiaiia 137, 142 

rileyana 124,128 

rosaria 77,87 

rubefactalis 103, 171 

niliifora 70,85 

rudens 07,71 

lufipettus 15, 17, 18 

riifipciiiiihi 127 

rufnla 179,180 

salioaruni 53,54,50 

Hat  ieuH 120 

satis 179, 188 

saucia  10,64,07,70 

group 00 

synopsis  of  species 07 

scandens 140, 157 

scropnlaiiii 54,58 

segetuni 9,01 

acyctum 154 

semiclarala. 115,118,120 

Scniiopliora 9, 50 

HeplentrioiiuUs 127 

serricomis 146, 101 

Setagrotis 9,59 

scsatilia 199 

.Sexual  cliar.aeters  of  Agrotids 7 

sierra' 91,93 

siginoidcs 9,47,48 

sileus 181,2tJ3 

simplaria 72, 73 

sincera 43,46 

Holitaria 180, 195 

sorror 99,101 

Spwlotis 94 

spccialiK 133 

speciosa 9,44,44 

spectanda 180, 193 


INDEX. 


237 


Pago. 

—  n,i:i2,i;{5 

lopsis  of 

137 

(if) 

i(J4,i7r. 

*   210 

77,H7 

184 

94 

i;s(),  i:iH 

181,202 

14(i,  IM 

171),  18!) 

16!> 

212 

10,103 

8,13 

137,142 

124,128 

77,87 

Ifi3,171 

70,85 

07,71 

15,17,18 

127 

179,180 

.--.53,54,50 

120 

179,188 

•10,04,07,70 

00 

iios...        07 

140,157 

54,58 

■ 9,01 

154 

115,118,120 

9,50 

127 

....140,101 

9,59 

199 

7 

91,93 

•  ...9,47,48 
....181,203 

72,73 

43,46 

...180,195 
....99,101 
94 
....  133 
...9,44,44 
...180,193 


apisaa 109, 170 

spouwa 145,149 

Htolliiris 9,38,39 

atigmoaa 114,115,121 

strifrilis 204 

aubgotbicii 10, 109,  n  i 

group no 

synopsis  of  species      111 

auhlatia 174, 184 

auffuaa 03 

Synopsis  of  geneia  and  gronps 12 

toleboa  11.  ap 219 

ieUfera 03 

tonnescens  v.  aj) 72,73 

tenuicnla ., 2O8 

teppori 90,  yij 

terroalis 98,99,103 

tessoUata 17;),  19a 

group , 11, 13>,  178 

synopsis  of  species       181 

tesselloiiles :.  181,203 

tetrica 147,101 

texaua 146, 154 

trabalis 43,45 

treatii 81 

irianguhnn 79  80 

tricoaa 112,113 

trif  asciata 103, 107 

Triphana 14  15 

tristicula 178,183 

'»•«'»■" 190 

turria 1% 


Pago. 

umbrata 77,  (-7 

iinica  nir.  saucia 07, 70 

unicolor <)\ 

unimacida y^ 

vancouvereusis 115, 118, 119 

va2)alaria 115,118 

variata 10  2-' 

varix k;  22 

relata ly  21 

velleriponnis 145, 153 

venerabilis 11,109,110,115,117 

group 114 

synopsis  of  species      110 

veinilis 39,42 

rcraii)inis ^01 

vcrticalin 179,  lyo 

ret  unfa 125 

vetust  a 212 

violaris (Ji,(;2 

viralis 207 

vittifroiis 1(5  20 

^'ocalis 90,91,97 

volubilis iir,  l'>i 

ivuahhiyloiiienaia 40 

westerniani I80,  lyjj 

wilHonii i;{3 

group 132,133 

^^■ockei ,, 54,58 

wortlilugtoni 128 

xyliniforinis  n.  sp 221 

yP«ilou 01,03 


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